TTC【雙語字幕版】：西方文明的基礎(chǔ)（S02E22：工業(yè)化的開端（1760-18
2022-04-21 20:56 作者:HydratailNoctua | 我要投稿
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01:48
?Preconditions of the industrial revolution
Four European preconditions
- Raw materials
- An agricultural revolution leading to a population explosion
- An increase in demand
- An increase in labor force
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03:58
?Raw materials: water, coal, tin, timber, sheep, cotton
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04:47
?Population explosion due to an agricultural revolution
- Improved crop rotation
- better landscape engineering and drainage
- better fodder crops, turnips and more fertilizer
- selective breeding, more powerful horses and oxen
- improved agricultural tools, plows and harnesses and carts
Other factors
- Trade vs U.S.
- sociology changes, earlier marriages, better survival rates among infants and adults
- better hygiene and better diet
- inroads into smallpox due to inoculation and vaccination
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06:56
?Demand increased due to the population explosion.
mass production
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07:42
?Labor force
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08:21
?Four preconditions that only apply to Britain
- capital
- a laissez-faire economy
- a widespread perception that economic and social mobility was possible
- those who took advantages of these preconditions
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08:53
?Capital
commercial revolution
financial revolution
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09:55
?laissez-faire economic policy instead of mercantilist policy
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11:47
?perception of mobility
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16:12
?The Empire of Cotton
The flying shuttle invented by John Kay 1704- ca. 1764
Spinning Jenny invented by James Hargreaves ca. 1720-1778
Water frame
cotton gin
mules
factories near water
steam engines
iron and steel
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