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拋棄韋達,縱享絲滑(2021浙江圓錐曲線)

2022-08-20 19:40 作者:數(shù)學老頑童  | 我要投稿

(2021浙江,21)如圖,已知F是拋物線y%5E2%3D2pxp%3E0)的焦點,M是拋物線的準線與x軸的交點,且%5Cleft%7C%20MF%20%5Cright%7C%3D2.

(1)求拋物線的方程;

(2)設(shè)過點F的直線交拋物線于AB兩點,若斜率為2的直線lMA、MBAB、x軸依次交于點PQ、R、N,且滿足%5Cleft%7C%20RN%20%5Cright%7C%5E2%3D%5Cleft%7C%20PN%20%5Cright%7C%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft%7C%20QN%20%5Cright%7C,求直線lx軸上截距的取值范圍.

解:(1)易知p%3D2,

所以拋物線的方程為y%5E2%3D4x.

(2)分別設(shè)

直線MAx%2B1%3D%5Clambda%20y,

直線MBx%2B1%3D%5Cmu%20y,

直線ABx-1%3Dmy.

因為點A在直線MAAB上,所以

x_A%2B1%3D%5Clambda%20y_A……%5Coplus%20,

x_A-1%3Dmy_A……%5Cotimes%20

%5Coplus%20%5E2-%5Cotimes%20%5E2,得

%5Cleft(%20x_A%2B1%20%5Cright)%20%5E2-%5Cleft(%20x_A-1%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%3D%5Clambda%20%5E2y_%7BA%7D%5E%7B2%7D-m%5E2y_%7BA%7D%5E%7B2%7D,

化簡得4x_A%3D%5Cleft(%20%5Clambda%20%5E2-m%5E2%20%5Cright)%20y_%7BA%7D%5E%7B2%7D,

%5Clambda%20%5E2-m%5E2%3D1

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Clambda%20%5E2%3Dm%5E2%2B1%7D(顯然%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Clambda%20%5E2%5Cgeqslant%201%7D).


同理可得%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cmu%20%20%5E2%3Dm%5E2%2B1%7D,


又因為%5Cmu%20%5Cne%20%5Clambda%20,所以%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cmu%20%3D-%5Clambda%20%7D.

設(shè)直線l的方程為x%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dy%2Bn,

與直線AB聯(lián)立,

解得y_R%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cleft(%20n-1%20%5Cright)%7D%7B2m-1%7D,

聯(lián)立直線l與直線MA

解得y_P%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cleft(%20n%2B1%20%5Cright)%7D%7B2%5Clambda%20-1%7D,

同理y_Q%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cleft(%20n%2B1%20%5Cright)%7D%7B2%5Cmu%20-1%7D,

%5Cleft%7C%20RN%20%5Cright%7C%5E2%3D%5Cleft%7C%20PN%20%5Cright%7C%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft%7C%20QN%20%5Cright%7C

等價于%5Cleft%7C%20y_R%20%5Cright%7C%5E2%3D%5Cleft%7C%20y_P%20%5Cright%7C%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft%7C%20y_Q%20%5Cright%7C,即

%5Cleft%7C%20%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cleft(%20n-1%20%5Cright)%7D%7B%5Cleft(%202m-1%20%5Cright)%7D%20%5Cright%7C%5E2%3D%5Cleft%7C%20%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cleft(%20n%2B1%20%5Cright)%7D%7B2%5Clambda%20-1%7D%20%5Cright%7C%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft%7C%20%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cleft(%20n%2B1%20%5Cright)%7D%7B2%5Cmu%20-1%7D%20%5Cright%7C,

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cmu%20%3D-%5Clambda%20%7D代入,得

%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%20n-1%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft(%202m-1%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%20n%2B1%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%7B4%5Clambda%20%5E2-1%7D,

再將%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Clambda%20%5E2%3Dm%5E2%2B1%7D代入,得

%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%20n-1%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft(%202m-1%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%20n%2B1%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%7B4m%5E2%2B3%7D,

%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7Bn%2B1%7D%7Bn-1%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%3D%5Cfrac%7B4m%5E2%2B3%7D%7B%5Cleft(%202m-1%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D,

因為

%5Cfrac%7B4m%5E2%2B3%7D%7B%5Cleft(%202m-1%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%3D%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B2m-1%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%2B%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B2m-1%7D%2B1%5Cgeqslant%20%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D

所以%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7Bn%2B1%7D%7Bn-1%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%5Cgeqslant%20%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D,

解得:

n%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C-7-4%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%20%5Cright%5D%20%5Ccup%20%5Cleft%5B%20-7%2B4%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%2C1%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccup%20%5Cleft(%201%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20.


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