·單詞

persistent adj.????堅(jiān)持的，固執(zhí)的; 堅(jiān)持不斷的，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的

????·persistent efforts????不懈努力

????·persistent conflicts????持久的沖突

????·a persistent smell????持久的氣味

????·persistence n.????堅(jiān)持不懈，固執(zhí)，持續(xù)存在

????·persist v.????堅(jiān)持，固執(zhí)，持續(xù)存在

????·persistent 做動(dòng)詞時(shí)要搭配介詞 in，persist in ...

????????·The minority of drivers persist in drinking.????少數(shù)司機(jī)堅(jiān)持飲酒

avoid v.????避開

????·avoid + n./doing sth.????注意，不能接 to do

????????·Try to avoid accidents while you are driving.

????????·No one can avoid making mistakes but we should avoid making the same mistakes.

insist v.????堅(jiān)持做，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)決要求

? ? ·insist 做動(dòng)詞時(shí)要搭配介詞?on，insist on?...

????????·He always insists on coming with you.

persist in vs.?insist on

????·persist in????持續(xù)存在，持續(xù)的做，延續(xù)動(dòng)作的堅(jiān)持

????·insist on????堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)，有堅(jiān)定的立場

·本課句型

非謂語動(dòng)詞 doing

1.相當(dāng)于名詞用 —— 動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語）

????·作主語

????????·Fishing is my favourite sport.

????·介詞后，作賓語

????????·I often fish for hours without catching anything.

????·有些動(dòng)詞后，作賓語

????????·I like playing this game.

2.修飾名詞或句子，表示主動(dòng)/正在進(jìn)行 —— 現(xiàn)在分詞

????·Passing planes can be heard night and day.????修飾名詞，主動(dòng)經(jīng)過的飛機(jī)

????·Looking round, I realized that I was the only passenger.????修飾句子，主動(dòng)看了一圈

什么叫邏輯主語？

????·就是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，如果是?would you mind (your)?coming，我說話，問你介意你的到來嗎？問的人 you 和?come?的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者一樣，那么 your 就可以省略，反之?would you mind my?coming，我說話，問你介意我的到來嗎，這個(gè)時(shí)候問的人和動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不一樣了，所以就要加形容詞性物主代詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)邏輯關(guān)系，也可以用名詞所有格。

名詞（doing 動(dòng)名詞） + 名詞????表示功能用途

????·waiting room?? ?用來等候的房

? ? ·a sleeping bag????用來睡覺的袋子，睡袋????L27

????·a swimming?pool????用來游泳的池塘，游泳池????L37

????·a packing?case????用來打包的箱子，包裝箱????L66

????·a fishing?boat????用來釣魚的船，漁船????L82

·課文

????I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Nigel?Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.

????'Hello, Nigel,' I said. 'Fancy meeting you here!'

????'Hi, Elizabeth,' Nigel?answered. 'I was just wondering how to spend the morning —— until I saw you. You're not busy doing anything, are you ?'

????'No, not at all,' I answered. 'I'm going to ...'

????'Would you mind my coming with you?' he asked, before I had finished speaking.

????'Not at all,' I lied, 'but I'm going to the dentist.'

????'Then I'll come with you,' he answered. 'There's always plenty to read in the waiting room!'

It was no use pretending that I had not seen him.

????·It 形式主語，pretending?that I had not seen him 是真正的主語，use 做名詞，而?that I had not seen him 是動(dòng)名詞 pretending 的賓語從句

no matter how = however? ? 無論如何：表示不論某種情況或條件如何，都不會(huì)影響結(jié)果或決定，引出讓步狀語從句

? ? ·no matter 常與 how, when, where, waht, who 等引導(dǎo)的從句相連，可譯成 “無論”

????????·No matter where you are????無論你是在哪里

????????·no matter what you do????無論你在做什么

I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.

????·had to do sth.????過去必須做某事

????·think of...????考慮，想起

????·a way of...????一種方式

????·prevent sb. from doing sth.????阻止某人做某事，介詞 from 可以省略

????????·from????有 used to show that sth is prevented?（表示防止）使免遭，使免受 的意思

????????????·She saved him from drowning.????她救了他一命，使他免遭淹死

????·follow sb. around????跟著某人到處走

Fancy?meeting you here????想不到在這見到你！fancy + -ing 表示對(duì)后面的 -ing 所表示的動(dòng)作感到驚奇

You're not busy doing anything, are you?????你不忙，是吧?

????·be busy (in) doing sth.????忙于做某事

Would you mind my coming with you?????你介意我跟你一起去嗎？

????·would you mind????你介意嗎：用于禮貌地征求對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方幫忙的表達(dá)

????·my coming????我的到來，coming n.????到來，來臨，my doing 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語

·知識(shí)拓展

You're not busy doing anything, are you?? ??你不忙，是吧?

反意疑問句：

????·構(gòu)成：它是由陳述旬加上簡略疑間句構(gòu)成的

????·特點(diǎn)：如果陳述句是肯定的，那么疑問句用否定形式；反之，陳述句是否定的，疑問句用肯定形式

????·寫法：先將前半句相反，再疑問

練習(xí)

He plays basketball well, ____?

????·play 相反 doesn't play，再疑問 doesn't he

He finished his work, ____?

????·didn’t he

You can’t understand me, ____?

????·can't 相反 can，再疑問??can you

He hasn’t left the office, ____?

????·has he

?反義疑問句????回答

You don’t love me, do you?

是的，我不愛。 No, I don’t.

不是的，我愛。 Yes,I do.