01-chenxinyu-040520-寢室

翻譯
1.?嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性
需要更多地在語言及語言相關(guān)信息的呈現(xiàn)方式上，注意體現(xiàn)EAP的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性，不僅是用詞、語法，還應(yīng)在格式上盡量符合學(xué)術(shù)語言的要求，請多閱讀任務(wù)的說明，了解每個(gè)任務(wù)的目的，并反思自己從中提升了哪些學(xué)術(shù)能力。
1.?Rigorism
More?attention?needs?to?be?paid?to?the?rigor?of?EAP?in?presenting?language?and?language?related?information,?not?only?in?terms?of?vocabulary?and?grammar,?but?also?in?terms?of?formatting?that?meets?the?requirements?of?academic?language.?Please?read?the?instructions?for?each?task?more,?understand?the?purpose?of?each?task,?and?reflect?on?which?academic?abilities?you?have?improved?from?it.
2.?歸納與抽象
這是針對于英語語言而言的。事實(shí)上，如果將其泛化為針對所有語言相關(guān)的信息，那么歸納Generalization無疑對于凝練各種學(xué)術(shù)語言的表達(dá)，直指中心話題，獲取目的信息，有極大的幫助。簡而言之，用一個(gè)單詞概括一個(gè)話題，并讓交流對象明白你的意圖，多數(shù)情況下要比一百個(gè)詞難得多。姑且不論表達(dá)的精確性，在歸納中也應(yīng)具備1中涉及的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性體現(xiàn)。更具挑戰(zhàn)的是將原本復(fù)雜的含義、概念、話題，在歸納后，用淺顯易懂地形式提取并呈現(xiàn)。Abstract這個(gè)單詞本身作名詞表示摘要，不僅是書面文章的摘要（文摘、論文、簡報(bào)等），在日常交際中，但凡涉及語言與思維的過程，我們就無時(shí)不刻在完成概括、提取、重組、抽象的過程。歸納與抽象的訓(xùn)練，對于培養(yǎng)EAP的語言能力具有十分重要的意義。
2.?Induction?and?abstraction
This?is?specific?to?the?English?language.?In?fact,?if?it?is?generalized?to?include?information?related?to?all?languages,?then?generalization?is?undoubtedly?of?great?help?in?refining?the?expression?of?various?academic?languages,?pointing?directly?to?the?central?topic,?and?obtaining?targeted?information.?In?short,?summarizing?a?topic?with?one?word?and?making?the?communication?object?understand?your?intentions?is?often?much?more?difficult?than?using?a?hundred?words.?Regardless?of?the?accuracy?of?expression,?the?rigor?involved?in?1?should?also?be?reflected?in?induction.?More?challenging?is?to?extract?and?present?the?originally?complex?meanings,?concepts,?and?topics?in?a?simple?and?understandable?form?after?induction.?The?word?'Abstract'?itself?is?used?as?a?noun?to?represent?an?abstract,?not?only?a?summary?of?a?written?article?(abstract,?paper,?briefing,?etc.).?In?daily?communication,?whenever?language?and?thinking?processes?are?involved,?we?constantly?complete?.
3.?信息的篩選與提取
要實(shí)現(xiàn)2中過程的目的，我們必須對繁雜的信息，通常是自己不熟悉的信息進(jìn)行篩選、提取，目的是為了提純，要能夠從初級的信息原料中，萃取Extract出更精華的要素Essential?Facts.?這些Facts既表示許多的事實(shí)Fact，也代表影響本人思維及判斷的因素Factor.?本課重要的目的之一，就是要用EAP的訓(xùn)練，完成對初級信息的提取，并在篩選后完成2的過程。
3.?Information?screening?and?extraction
To?achieve?the?purpose?of?the?process?in?2,?we?must?screen?and?extract?the?complicated?information,?usually?the?information?we?are?not?familiar?with.?The?purpose?is?to?purify?it.?We?should?be?able?to?extract?more?essence?factors?from?the?primary?information?raw?materials?These?facts?not?only?represent?many?facts,?but?also?represent?factors?that?affect?one's?thinking?and?judgment?One?of?the?important?objectives?of?this?lesson?is?to?use?EAP?training?to?extract?primary?information?and?complete?the?process?of?2?after?screening.
4.?描述的客觀性
注意，到今天上課的這個(gè)階段，我們還不討論“討論”這個(gè)詞，因?yàn)樵谟懻撝?，我們先要為討論尋找站得住腳的事實(shí)、依據(jù)、說法、佐證等。?之所以要先培養(yǎng)“客觀”的意識(shí)，是為了在EAP的訓(xùn)練與提高中盡量減少主觀的偏見的影響，做到對事、物、話題本身等對象盡量“公允”的描述。然而，我們必須承認(rèn)，所謂的“議論”或“討論”，是無法做到絕對客觀的，因此“公允”也并非絕對客觀的用詞。只要是“人”與“人”的交流，就必定存在主觀的感受與判斷；哪怕交流者不想說服彼此，或不袒露自己的觀點(diǎn)，將之埋藏于內(nèi)心，也無法完全杜絕本人的“看法”對于彼此的影響。
4.?Objectivity?of?description
Note?that?at?this?stage?of?today's?class,?we?will?not?discuss?the?term?"discussion"?because?before?discussing,?we?need?to?first?find?valid?facts,?evidence,?statements,?and?supporting?evidence?for?the?discussion.?The?reason?for?cultivating?an?"objective"?awareness?is?to?minimize?the?influence?of?subjective?biases?in?EAP?training?and?improvement,?and?to?achieve?a?"fair"?description?of?objects?such?as?things,?objects,?and?topics?as?much?as?possible.?However,?we?must?admit?that?so-called?"discussion"?or?"discussion"?cannot?achieve?absolute?objectivity,?and?therefore?"fairness"?is?not?an?absolute?objective?term.?As?long?as?there?is?communication?between?"people"?and?"people",?there?must?be?subjective?feelings?and?judgments;?Even?if?the?communicator?does?not?want?to?persuade?each?other,?or?does?not?reveal?their?own?views,?burying?them?in?their?hearts,?it?cannot?completely?eliminate?the?influence?of?their?"opinions"?on?each?other.

因?yàn)槿鄙偎孕枰Ｔ诖蠖鄶?shù)時(shí)候情況下，我們都是按照自己喜好來稱述的，是主觀的。我們需要客觀，這能讓我們不被他人的觀念所左右。我們不能因?yàn)樽约旱南矏壕屯陆Y(jié)論，因?yàn)橹饔^有時(shí)會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，它并不符合事實(shí)情況。我們要客觀的認(rèn)識(shí)世界，世界才能客觀的展現(xiàn)她的面貌。