從新冠病毒致死率看女性生存優(yōu)勢?

Why Are So Many More Men?

Dying from Coronavirus?

As?coronavirus continues its spread?across?borders, oceans and continents, there is a perplexing piece of data that has so far?evaded?a proper explanation: It’s still early, but in almost every country that we have numbers for, more men than women are dying from the virus.

隨著新冠病毒的傳播不斷跨越國界、海洋和大陸，有一個令人困惑的數(shù)據(jù)至今仍未能得到合理解釋：雖然現(xiàn)在說還為時過早，但幾乎在所有有數(shù)據(jù)支持的國家，死于該病毒的男性都多于女性。

Most attempts to explain this?discrepancy?have focused primarily on behavior, some of which are almost certainly valid. Higher rates of tobacco consumption, a reluctance to seek proper and timely?medical care?and even lower rates of hand-washing absolutely do play a role in who?will be hit hardest.

對于這種差異的解釋主要集中在行為方面，其中一些幾乎肯定是正確的。抽更多煙、不愿尋求適當及時的醫(yī)療服務、不愛洗手，這些絕對會影響什么樣的人受到最嚴重的打擊。

But what is being overlooked in these explanations is that the?disproportionate toll?coronavirus is?taking on men?isn’t an?anomaly.?Rather, it may be a timely and high-profile demonstration of what up until recently has been an?underappreciated?scientific fact: When it comes to survival, men are the weaker sex.

但在這些解釋中，有一點被忽視了：男性死于新冠病毒的比例高于女性并不是一種異?，F(xiàn)象。更確切地說，它可能及時而引人矚目地證明了一個直到最近都被低估的科學事實：在生存方面，男性是較為弱勢的性別。

1. As coronavirus continues its spread across borders, oceans and ?continents, … 這句話 as 放在句首，引出事實背景，翻譯成中文就是隨著。。。（as 后面往往跟一般現(xiàn)在時）

? 2. spread across borders, oceans and continents. ?介詞 across = 跨界 ex: People move across border. 表示人移動的 跨界，從一個國家到另一個國家。?

3. evade a proper explanation = 避開了那個合理的解釋，沒有得到合理 的解釋（就是翻譯中的【正說反譯，反說正譯】的技巧！必須懂?。?tax evasion 避稅，逃稅

?4. perplexing =令人困惑的，暫時還搞不清楚的，原因不明的?

5. It’s still early. 時間還尚早 但是不要一遇到「早」就用「early」，說不定可以用「young」，比如：The night is still young. 夜色尚早（準確又文藝） 擴展知識：更容易，不要一看到「容易」就是「easy」，可以用「be more ?likely to do something」

?6. Die from … = 死于……疾病?

7. Discrepancy =差異 Parity = 平價/ Disparity = 不平價Ex: 區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡 = interregional disparity Discrepancy 可以用 divide 來替換，divide 可以是名詞，可以是動詞 Wealth discrepancy = wealth divide 貧富差異 = the gap between ?the rich and the poor. ?xx divide = xx 差距，xx 鴻溝

?8. primarily on behavior = 主要在行為上?

9. valid 在這里表示「幾乎肯定是正確的」，在英文中強調(diào)某個東西是合理 的（proper/ justify/ make sense） 不要一看到「正確」就用「correct」比如：在正確的領導下 = under the ?strong/ effective leadership = 有效的領導/強有力的領導?

10. medical care = 醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)， 一般在中文沒有出現(xiàn)「服務」這個字 眼的情況下，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生用 health care medical service = 醫(yī)藥服務 health care and medical service =衛(wèi)生與醫(yī)療服務 medi-cade = 針對窮人的/ medi-care =針對老年人的

?11. be hit hardest 受打擊最嚴重的 be hit hardest = be hit the hardest hardest-hit 受影響，受打擊最大的 ex: hardest-hit region = 受影響 最嚴重的區(qū)域 hit the road = 上路 hit me with the hardest one = 給我出道特別難的題?

12. take a toll on something 對……造成打擊，對……造成嚴重影響 take a heavy toll on something/ somebodytake a devastating toll on something/ somebody 【英翻漢偷懶技巧】：但凡 A 對 B 是不好的，又找不到確切的詞，就用 “影響”來翻，好事情就是產(chǎn)生積極影響，不好的事情就是造成什么負面 影響。漢翻英要求更高，實在不會就用「impact」，但要用動詞形式， 及物不及物皆可。Ex：疫情影響 = be impacted by the pandemic

?13. disproportionate = 不成比例的， 言外意思就是過多, too many（沒 有具體數(shù)據(jù)支撐的時候，可以用這個詞，表示多/少得離譜） have a fair share of something 公平分享 Ex: Everybody must have a fair share of responsibility/ benefit. Ex: Beijing has more than its share of museum. 北京的博物館遠遠 超出其他地方。

?14. anomaly = 異常的，反常的 normal = 正常的，常態(tài)的， 名詞意思就是：常態(tài)，司空見慣的事情 something has become the normal/ norm = 某事已經(jīng)成為常規(guī)了 New normal = 新常態(tài)?

15. Rather, it may be a timely and high-profile demonstration of what ?up until recently has been an underappreciated scientific fact: ?這句話用了「名轉(zhuǎn)動，動詞優(yōu)先原則」 demonstration –> demonstrate， what 翻譯過程中省略，這句話翻 譯起來就濕濕碎了。?

16. Underappreciated = 沒有引起足夠重視 Appreciate = recognize = value 受到足夠重視

What lies behind this female genetic?superiority? It starts at the?chromosomal?level.

這種女性基因優(yōu)勢的背后是什么？答案要從染色體水平開始說起。

Biologists have long understood that XX chromosomes give females an advantage in some arenas: Having the use of a spare X in case the other is somehow defective is why females?are less susceptible to?disorders like color blindness, for instance.

生物學家早就知道，XX染色體在某些領域為女性帶來了優(yōu)勢：如果另一個X染色體有缺陷，可以使用備用的X染色體，所以女性更不容易患上色盲等疾病。

If one X chromosome has genes that are better at recognizing invading viruses like Covid-19, for instance, immune cells using that X can focus on that task, while immune cells using the other X chromosome focus on, say, killing cells infected with Covid-19 instead,?making?the fight against the virus more?efficient.

如果一條X染色體的基因能夠更好地識別入侵病毒，比如說新冠病毒，使用該X染色體的免疫細胞就可以專注于這項任務；而使用另一條X染色體的免疫細胞則可以專注于殺死感染新冠病毒的細胞這類任務，從而提高對抗病毒的效率。

1.What lies behind something = what’s behind something 背后的 原因，……的原因

?2.Superiority = 優(yōu)勢

3. Chromosomal = 染色體的 -> noun: chromosome 染色體?

4. Arena = 競技場 In some arenas =在某些方面/ 領域 = in some fields/ space/ ?domain Ex: in this domain =在這個領域?

5. Give somebody an advantage = put somebody in an advantage ?position = 使某人處于優(yōu)勢

?6. Be susceptible to something = 容易受到（不好事情）的影響 = be ?prone to = be vulnerable to = be likely to?

7. Color blindness = 色盲

?8. Invading = 入侵的， invasive = 創(chuàng)傷性的（入侵身體的概念） Less invasive= 微創(chuàng) / More invasive= 創(chuàng)傷性大 （手術上）?

9. Immune cells = 免疫細胞 Be immune to something or be immune from something = 可以 置身世外的 We are in this together. You cannot be immune to this pandemic. ?

10. make something more efficient = 提高效率 把……提高/改善 = make something + 形容詞比較級

The cost women seem to pay for having a more aggressive immune system, one that’s better at battling both?malignant?cells and invading microbes, is being more?prone to?autoimmune diseases.

女性的免疫系統(tǒng)更擅長與惡性細胞和微生物的入侵作斗爭，而擁有這樣更加積極的免疫系統(tǒng)的代價，則是更容易患自身免疫性疾病。

But the understanding of these differences has the potential to?fill in the gaps?of knowledge that have kept us from making medical breakthroughs. Our male-centric, one-size-fits-all model of health care and the research culture that stems from it need to change.?Nowhere is?this urgency?more?apparent?than?the current global pandemic, as the alarming numbers of male deaths worldwide continues to climb daily.

但是，對這些差異的理解可能會填補阻礙我們?nèi)〉冕t(yī)學突破的知識空白。我們需要改變以男性為中心、無視差異的醫(yī)療保健模式以及由此產(chǎn)生的研究文化。隨著全球范圍內(nèi)令人擔憂的男性死亡人數(shù)每天繼續(xù)攀升，這種緊迫感在當前的全球大流行中最為明顯。

1. battle something = fight something = combat something =對抗 2. malignant 惡性的 –> 反義詞：benign = 良性的?

3. be prone to 更易于……?

4. have the potential to do something = 可能會做某事，有做…的潛力?

5. fill in the gaps of something = 填補某個領域的空白

?6. male-centric = 以男性為中心的 human-centric = 以人為本 = people-oriented = people centered

?7. customer-focused = customer-centric 客戶至上

?8. health care = 醫(yī)療保健，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生（就這么記就可以了，別瞎 bb!）?

9. Nowhere is this urgency more apparent than the current global ?pandemic, as the alarming numbers of male deaths worldwide ?continues to climb daily. 【考試高逼格賺分句式】 中文中都是事實背景在前，表態(tài)在后，英文中事實背景可前可后 句式：nowhere is something more 怎么樣 than in 某個地方 = 強 調(diào)一個最高級 = the urgency is the most apparent in the pandemic Never before in history has something be so 怎么樣 as it is today. ?= 歷史上從來沒什么事情像今天這樣