“碳中和”在中國爆紅：

熱鬧背后的冷思考

Carbon neutrality in China:

?behind the corporate hype

Businesses are eagerly responding to?

China’s carbon neutrality target?

– but the term is being misused.

第一段

“碳中和”一詞正在中國快速流行起來。去年9月，在習(xí)近平主席提出爭取在2060年前實現(xiàn)碳中和的時候，很多人還是第一次聽說這個概念。半年過去了，對于碳中和的討論越來越熱，關(guān)注者也不再局限于環(huán)保氣候領(lǐng)域。

Carbon neutrality may now be a?buzzword?in China but many will have heard it for the first time only last September, when Xi Jinping announced the country’s aim to be?carbon neutral?by 2060. Half a year later,?debate?is?heating up far beyond?those working in the?environmental field.

與碳中和在投資圈走紅相呼應(yīng)的，是接連出現(xiàn)的企業(yè)碳中和倡議。去年12月以來，中石油、寶武鋼鐵、騰訊和金融科技公司螞蟻集團等多家大型中國企業(yè)相繼做出了碳中和相關(guān)表態(tài)或承諾。企業(yè)的積極響應(yīng)值得稱贊，但表態(tài)和承諾只是邁向自身碳中和的第一步，能否用實際行動兌現(xiàn)承諾、用什么樣的措施實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，將是接下來最核心的問題。

With investors?flooding in, companies are?issuing?carbon neutrality?statements. Since December, major firms have?outlined?their?positions and made commitments, including the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Baowu Steel, Tencent and fintech firm Ant Group.

The positive response is to be?applauded, but represents only the first step for these firms. Whether their commitments will be?realised, and how, will?be key.

1. media hype媒體炒作 misused濫用

2. Buzzword熱詞 catch phrase /sth is catching on. gain currency/popularity

3. Will have heard對過去的虛擬假設(shè)

4. Be carbon neutral碳中和 peak/achieve carbon? emission碳達峰

5. With sb doing sth(as/with/-ing三劍客，開頭引出事實原因）

6. Flood in,flood the market with massive liquidity大水漫灌式

7. Outline概述

8. Praise worthy值得稱贊

9. 大型中國企業(yè)：firm/corporation/fintech firm科技公司

10. And how，will be key 簡明翻譯

第二段

熱烈響應(yīng)“碳中和”

面對來自最高層的明確的碳中和政策信號，國企率先行動起來，其中不乏排放大戶。

Answering the call

State-owned firms, including some of the?biggest carbon emitters, were?among the first?to respond to the?clear policy signals from the top.

中國三大石油公司中石油、中石化、中海油都表示已經(jīng)啟動碳中和路徑研究，但尚未公布明確的碳中和時間表與行動計劃。國家電網(wǎng)在今年3月初發(fā)布了“碳達峰、碳中和”行動方案，在提出加速公司自身減排的同時，更側(cè)重的是其作為平臺支持和推動整個電力行業(yè)向碳中和轉(zhuǎn)型的路線圖，但該方案沒有提出實現(xiàn)達峰和中和的時間表。全球最大的鋼鐵制造集團寶武鋼鐵則拿出了明確的時間表：“2023年力爭實現(xiàn)碳達峰，2035年力爭減碳30%，2050年力爭實現(xiàn)碳中和”。另一家特大型電力國企三峽集團也表示力爭于2023年碳排放達峰、2040年實現(xiàn)碳中和。

The country’s?three major oil firms, CNPC, Sinopec and the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), all said they were working on carbon neutrality?roadmaps. But?clear timetables and action plans?have not yet been published.?The State Grid?published a carbon action plan in early March, saying it would achieve carbon neutrality in its operations, and?placing greater emphasis on its role?in supporting and encouraging?electricity generators?in their?transition plans. But again, no timetable for either?peak carbon?or?carbon neutrality?was offered. One of the world’s largest steelmakers, Baowu Steel, was able to?specify dates: “Strive for?peak carbon by 2023, a 30%?reduction?in emissions?by 2035, and carbon neutrality by 2050.” The China Three Gorges Corporation, a major power generator, said it would also strive for peak carbon by 2023, with carbon neutrality to follow in 2040.

在私企中，信息技術(shù)企業(yè)走在了最前面。今年1月，騰訊宣布啟動碳中和規(guī)劃，但尚未明確實現(xiàn)碳中和的時間線和業(yè)務(wù)范圍；3月，螞蟻集團承諾在2030年實現(xiàn)凈零排放，讓公司運營、供應(yīng)鏈及員工因公差旅產(chǎn)生的排放都實現(xiàn)中和。

Among?private firms, the?tech sector took the lead. In January, Tencent announced the launch of a carbon neutrality plan, but has not yet confirmed its?scope?or?schedule. In March, Ant Group committed to?net zero carbon emissions?by 2030, with carbon neutrality for company operations, in its supply chain, and in business travel.

“航母級”國企和科技巨頭帶頭提出碳中和倡議，無疑將對市場預(yù)期和投資走向產(chǎn)生影響。國家電網(wǎng)公布碳中和行動方案當(dāng)天，碳中和概念股隨之大漲。3月以來，雖然中國股市整體表現(xiàn)不佳，碳中和概念股卻在持續(xù)走強。

These proposals from “mothership-class” SOEs and?tech giants?are bound to?affect market expectations and investment decisions. “Carbon neutrality stocks” all saw big rises?on the day the State Grid announced its action plan, rises which have continued since March, even while the Chinese stock market overall has?struggled.

1. answering the call積極響應(yīng)

2. State-owned firms國有企業(yè) firm 代替enterprise

3. China is the major carbon emitter擬人化翻譯 emitter發(fā)射器

4. Sb is among the first成為第一批+to do sth做某事的..

5. Oil major大的石油公司

6. Work on sth研究：We are working on sth我們正在進行研究..

7. The State Grid國家電網(wǎng)

8. 英文的語言是簡潔的：強調(diào)如何做某事，關(guān)注do和go，emphasis on doing sth側(cè)重做某事，

9. electricity generators 電力行業(yè)，擬人化翻譯 power generator擬人化，可替換

10. Peak carbon碳達峰? 做形容詞或及物動詞 ，此處是adj；peak carbon emission by+某年，此處是動詞

11. Steelmaker鋼鐵制造集團，擬人化

12. specify dates明確時間表，簡明英語

13. work towards/push for/strive for 努力 private firms私企

14. scope or schedule時間線和業(yè)務(wù)范圍，英文翻譯倒過來，原則是：字母少的在前，多的在后

15. Commit to sth 承諾做某事；tech giants科技巨頭

16. in business travel公差

17. 無疑undoubtedly此處是必將 be bound to do sth正說翻譯，反說正譯

18. 【取具體舍宏觀】 see/witness發(fā)生，實現(xiàn)，經(jīng)歷（時間地點擬人化）代替realise/experience等詞；還可register/post/record big rises都可替換

第三段

如果說中國實現(xiàn)碳中和將是一場跨越40年的歷史大戲，那么它有著頗為熱鬧的開場。但在這熱鬧之中我們必須追問，當(dāng)企業(yè)在說碳中和時，到底是在說什么？

Achieving carbon neutrality in China is likely to take four decades, even if the process has?started with a bang. But amidst all the hype, we have to ask: what do companies talk about when they talk about carbon neutrality?

光說“碳中和”是不夠的，如果不說明是要在什么業(yè)務(wù)范圍內(nèi)實現(xiàn)它。對企業(yè)的溫室氣體排放進行測算和報告時，專業(yè)人士會基于國際慣用的“溫室氣體核算體系”在三個范圍進行統(tǒng)計。

范圍一只考慮企業(yè)擁有或控制的排放源產(chǎn)生的直接排放；范圍二測算的與是企業(yè)購買的電力、蒸汽、供熱或制冷有關(guān)的間接排放量；范圍三則覆蓋了企業(yè)價值鏈中產(chǎn)生的所有間接排放，包括所采購的原料、員工商務(wù)差旅、產(chǎn)品運輸和配送等等環(huán)節(jié)中產(chǎn)生的排放。

Simply discussing carbon neutrality isn’t enough if they aren’t clear about the scope of their plans. When calculating and reporting corporate?greenhouse gas emissions, specialists use the?Greenhouse Gas Protocol, a global standardised framework which covers three different areas.

Scope 1 deals with direct emissions from sources owned or controlled by the company;

Scope 2 covers indirect emissions from purchased electricity (including steam, heating and cooling);

Scope 3?encompasses?all indirect emissions in a company’s value chain, including from the purchase of raw materials, business travel and product transportation.

碳中和目標(biāo)太模糊，這不是中國企業(yè)的專利，全球各地的企業(yè)和政府都有這樣的問題。在《自然》雜志3月發(fā)表的一篇評論文章中，多位科學(xué)家指出，空洞的承諾、缺乏統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，導(dǎo)致外界很難了解大部分國家、企業(yè)實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的具體戰(zhàn)略，更無法評估其實際影響。這些科學(xué)家呼吁各國政府和企業(yè)盡快提高碳中和目標(biāo)和實施進展的透明度。

The situation is not?exclusive?to Chinese companies.?The same can be said?of businesses and governments around the world. In a?comment piece?published in Nature magazine in March, scientists wrote that empty commitments and a lack of standardisation were making it hard to understand how most businesses and governments?intend to achieve their goals, much less?evaluate actual results. The authors called for greater transparency as soon as possible.

實現(xiàn)碳中和意味著深刻的、甚至是超出常人想象的能源變革。在2018年聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會（IPCC）的《1.5度特別報告》指出，實現(xiàn)《巴黎協(xié)定》中到本世紀(jì)末氣溫升高不超過前工業(yè)化時期1.5度這一目標(biāo)，意味著全球須在2050年前后實現(xiàn)碳中和，屆時世界煤炭使用幾乎為零，對石油、天然氣等其他化石能源的利用也將大大減少，至少超過七成的電力供應(yīng)來自光伏和風(fēng)能。

Carbon neutrality means?deep reforms in the energy sector, possibly beyond what can easily be imagined. The?Intergovernmental?Panel on Climate Change’s 2018 special report, Global Warming of 1.5C, pointed out that to limit warming in the year 2100 to 1.5C above a?pre-industrial?baseline the world needs to achieve carbon neutrality around 2050, with?virtually zero coal use,?huge cuts?in use of other?fossil fuels, and over 70% of electricity generation from wind and solar.

1，start with a bang有個熱鬧的開場

2，歷史大戲， 翻譯時需要揣摩，有些形象詞不用翻，取具體舍宏觀Achieving carbon neutrality in China is likely to take four decades

3，Protocol 議定書 Containment protocol疫情防控要求

4，including steam, heating and cooling 中文等等后面酌情刪除

5，運輸和配送 transportation

6，The same can be said 同樣地 the same is too for sb.

7，How 刪除再翻h(huán)ow most businesses and governments?intend to achieve their goals

1，??！關(guān)注中國走向碳中和與碳達峰的表態(tài)， 了解大事，了解環(huán)境保護政策！！,

2，See/witness 時間，地點，人物都能做主語 ，出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，實現(xiàn)，經(jīng)歷 register/record/post 都可替換！重點

3，Protocols 術(shù)語講，條約，醫(yī)療方案，數(shù)據(jù)傳輸協(xié)議等 。Covid-19 response protocols 防控要求 Containment protocol疫情防控要求 Kyoto Protocol京都議定書