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你該知道的，托福聽力多選題排雷的4個(gè)方法

2021-11-04 10:42 作者:HUGE托福 0人讀過 | 我要投稿

古語有云：聽力難，難于上青天。

但是到底怎么個(gè)難法，大家眾說紛紜，莫衷一是。

有人說，討厭，為什么要讀那么快呢，人家都聽不清啦？

有人說，勞資聽到的你都不考，凈考些勞資沒聽到的，你們的良心不會(huì)痛么？

也有人說，我覺得自己聽得非常6，老鐵聽力完全沒毛病，為啥做題還是容易錯(cuò)呢?

今天我們就從客觀的聽力音頻文本的角度出發(fā)，把做聽力題的過程完完整整的復(fù)原一遍。

看看到底都有哪些因素影響題目的難度，以及用什么方法應(yīng)對(duì)這些困難（為了盡量cover到所有因素，我們今天用難度比較大的題型——多選題作為例子。

因素1：提示詞的強(qiáng)弱不明

方法1：強(qiáng)化提示詞敏感度

想搞清楚哪些因素會(huì)增加題目的難度，我們先從最容易的題入手。

請(qǐng)看題：

Now, the advocates of Pleistocene rewilding cite?two main goals.?One?is to help prevent the extinction of some endangered megafauna by providing new refuges, new habitats for them.

The other?is to restore some of the evolutionary and ecological potential that has been lost in North America.

According to the professor, what are the two main goals of Pleistocene rewinding? Click on 2 answers

A. To restore someevolutionary processes that ended during the Pleistocene epoch

B. To help preventthe extinction of certain species of megafauna

C. To increase populations of native animal species in the western United States

D. To create aliving laboratory where animal interactions can be observed

大家應(yīng)該都能看出來，這道題是比較容易的，最大的一個(gè)原因是因?yàn)樵睦镉蟹浅Ｃ黠@且較多的提示詞。

Two main goals為總起提示，one和the other是并列提示。

聽到這些提示詞后面的信息就可以輕松做對(duì)題目了。所以讓題目變難的第一招就是減少或者弱化提示詞。

請(qǐng)看題：

Also, O'Keeffestudied under an artist named Arthur Wesley Dow. That's DOW, D-O-W, who advocated focusing on simple basic forms, like the lines of a flower?and?its petals and he wanted forms to be isolated from their original settings.

According to the professor, what principles did Arthur Wesley Dow emphasize in his art classes? Click on 2 answers.

A. Focusing on simple forms

B. Using color toreveal the essence of an object

C. Separating a form from its natural surroundings

D. Exaggerating the size of a form

題目對(duì)應(yīng)文章里只有一個(gè)“and”算是并列提示，但是大家也知道“and”出現(xiàn)的頻次是非常高的，不一定就是要出雙選的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，很多時(shí)候“and“只是為了轉(zhuǎn)到下文的時(shí)候不那么生硬加的小詞而已。

所以按提示詞這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這道題是要更難的。相應(yīng)地，我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)首先要強(qiáng)化對(duì)提示詞的敏感度。

因素2：信息密度

方法2：提高聽力精細(xì)程度

另外一個(gè)導(dǎo)致難度增加的因素也在上面這道題里體現(xiàn)出來了，那就是信息密度。

什么意思呢，一篇正常的講座文章大概包含45-55個(gè)句子。

如果一個(gè)雙選題的兩個(gè)信息點(diǎn)分成兩個(gè)句子（如第一題），甚至是兩個(gè)小段落，聽力壓力就小很多。

如果信息點(diǎn)都在一個(gè)句子里，信息密度就很大，大家是很難瞬間都記下來。

因此需要正確的方法提高聽力的精細(xì)程度，而不是看似聽懂就一帶而過。

因素3：冗余信息龐雜

方法3：有意識(shí)地區(qū)分主次信息

這個(gè)因素我們也通過一道題來分析：（長文預(yù)警......）

Generally, rains are light and short. So, the rain doesn’t seep too far down into the soil. And there’s a limited window of time for any plant to get the water before it evaporates. But succulent plants have a spread-out and shallow root system that can quickly pull in water from the top inches of soil, though the soil has tobe saturated since succulents aren’t good at absorbing water from soil that’s only a little moist. Succulent plants?alsoare well suited to retaining water, important in an environment where rainy days are rare. Succulent plants can store water in their leaves, in their stems, orin their roots.?And?to keep that moisture fromevaporating in the hot, desert Sun, most succulent plants have a waxy outerlayer that makes them almost waterproof when their stomates are closed. They?also?preserve water by minimizing their surface area.The more of the plant that’s out in the Sun, the more potential there is tolose stored-up water. And that means that most succulent plants have few, ifany, leaves.

What are twofeatures of succulent plants that help them survive in deserts?

Click on 2 answers

A.Succulent plants store water in their leaves and stems.

B.Succulent plants become dormant until the next rainfall.

C.Succulent plants have short stems.

D.Succulent plants have few leaves.

可以看到，文章里提示詞還是不少的，那難點(diǎn)在哪呢？

為了讓大家看得更清楚，我們把文章的內(nèi)容提煉成了下面的結(jié)構(gòu)圖：

紅色部分是題目中考到的信息點(diǎn)。我們可以看到S plant特征的信息量是很大的，最后考察的只是其中一部分。

這種文章大家聽的時(shí)候負(fù)擔(dān)會(huì)比較重，因?yàn)槟銢]辦法預(yù)測會(huì)考哪些點(diǎn)，不考哪些點(diǎn)，所以要盡量的記全信息。

所以這就是影響難度的第三個(gè)因素冗余信息。

因此，我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)，一定要用結(jié)構(gòu)化思維去理解聽力內(nèi)容。

聽出層次，記錄核心內(nèi)容，不要為了記而記，結(jié)果掉進(jìn)信息的汪洋。

因素4：干擾選項(xiàng)

方法4：積累選題經(jīng)驗(yàn)技巧

最后一個(gè)因素在上面這道題里也有體現(xiàn)，大家再看一下題目和選項(xiàng)：

What are twofeatures of succulent plants that help them survive in deserts?

Click on 2 answers

A. Succulent plants store water in their leaves and stems.

B. Succulent plants become dormant until the next rainfall.

C. Succulent plants have short stems.

D. Succulent plants have few leaves.

C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)看起來好像都是能幫助S plant保留水分的特征，很多同學(xué)會(huì)在這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)間來回徘徊（也不乏直接選CD的同學(xué)），但是我們剛才看過結(jié)構(gòu)圖以后可以清楚的發(fā)現(xiàn)，C是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

所以第四個(gè)難度因素就是大家熟悉的干擾選項(xiàng)。（干擾選項(xiàng)分很多種，這里就不展開了。）

這就需要同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)做題時(shí)，除了理解文章以外，也要對(duì)選項(xiàng)中的常見陷阱做到心中有數(shù)，有意避坑。

當(dāng)然像大家熟悉的語速，文章本身的語言難度也會(huì)一定程度影響到題目的難度，但是由于這些因素都是影響所有題目難度的因素，而且是相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，所以本文就暫時(shí)不作探討了。