今日真題

“_______the biology examination this weekend, I would have gone with you yesterday,” said she.

A. But for

B. As for

C. Only if

D. In spite of

語法簡介

在前幾期的語法專欄中我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了虛擬語氣和它的兩個特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，相信大家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了，在大多數(shù)含有虛擬語氣的句子中，都出現(xiàn)了“if虛擬條件從句”。

If I were a billionaire,?I would be traveling around the world now.

Had I chosen the iChuXin's lessons,?I would have been a postgraduate.

If I were you,?I would not do that again.

那么，大家有想過是否有另一種表達(dá)方式，可以直接省去“if虛擬條件從句”呢？

答案肯定是：有的。但是，一旦省去“if虛擬條件從句”，那么我們就需要通過其他形式來實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。這些形式包括介詞短語、分詞短語、副詞、連詞等等。這樣的情況就被稱為——含蓄虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。

接下來，讓我們分別學(xué)習(xí)如何通過介詞短語、分詞短語、副詞、連詞等來實(shí)現(xiàn)含蓄虛擬語氣吧。

①介詞短語

But for?your advice I would have failed.

Without?your adviceI would have failed.

（If you hadn't?offered me your advice, I would have failed.）

要是沒有你的建議，我那時就失敗了。

Except for?the lack of money I would have made this deal.

(If I had had?enough money, I would have made this deal.)

要不是資金不足，我當(dāng)時就能促成這樁生意了。

With?better equipment, we could have made it happen.

(If we had?been equipped with better equipment, we could have made it happen.)

如果有更好的設(shè)備的話，我們那會兒就成功了。

②分詞

Failing this, what would you do?

(If you failed this, what would you do?)

此事不成，你當(dāng)何如？

Given?an inch, he would want a foot.

(If he were given an inch, he would want a foot.)

他得寸進(jìn)尺。

③副詞

Otherwise,?she would not ignore his requests.

(If it weren't that case, she would not ignore his requests.)

如果不是那樣的話，她是不會忽略他的請求的。

④連詞

I would do you a favor,?only that?I were to be available.

(If I were?to be available,?I would do?you a favor.)

如果我到時候有空的話，我會幫你的。

解題思路

答案：A

題干翻譯：“要不是這周末有生物考試的話，我昨天就和你一起去了。”

解析：本題考察虛擬語氣中的含蓄虛擬語氣。

首先，觀察題干和選項(xiàng)。

我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)主句中出現(xiàn)了would have gone，所以本題目使用了虛擬語氣。設(shè)問處出現(xiàn)在了句首，且四個選項(xiàng)皆為短語，所以本句未采用省略if結(jié)構(gòu)。那么很明顯，這是一句采用了含蓄虛擬語氣的句子，我們需要理清邏輯關(guān)系來選出正確答案。

其次，理清邏輯關(guān)系。

題干大致意思：“…周末的生物考試，我昨天就和你一起去了”。

因?yàn)楸绢}目采用了虛擬語氣，從“我昨天就和你一起去了”可以得知事實(shí)上“我”沒有去，而我沒有的去的原因是周末的生物考試，換言之—— “如果沒有周末的生物考試的話，我就和你去了”。所以，前一句話是對后一句話的if假設(shè)。但選項(xiàng)皆不是if虛擬條件句，所以我們要選擇可以代替if條件句含義的短語。

最后，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，確定正確選項(xiàng)。

A選項(xiàng)：要不是

B選項(xiàng)：至于

C選項(xiàng)，only＋if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，放句首要倒裝。

D選項(xiàng)：盡管

從句意上可以我們可直接選出A選項(xiàng)。即“要不是因?yàn)橹苣┪矣猩锟荚?，我昨天就和你去了”，符合邏輯。同學(xué)們要記住but for的意思哦！

干擾選項(xiàng)

BCD選項(xiàng)不符合題意，故排除排除。

故答案為A選項(xiàng)。

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