55BC?公元前Julius Caesar凱撒大帝undocumented未文件記錄的Claudius克勞狄一世AD公元subsequently?隨后so?這樣until直到remain仍然是settlement?定居prosper繁榮 barbarians野蠻人?defend保衛(wèi)occupation?占領(lǐng)Britons大不列顛人mountains山區(qū)flee?逃走slave?奴隸Anglia英吉利land土地/登陸chief首領(lǐng)husbandry畜牧業(yè)determined決定 kinship親戚關(guān)系but rather而是ownership?私有權(quán)come into existence開始存在?be subject to?受...的影響Christian?基督徒by?通過order?命令?Pope Gregory?格列高利一世 St.Augustine圣奧古斯丁?Kent?瑞典missionaries?傳教士Christianity?基督教Scandinavian斯堪的納維亞人?Norway?挪威Denmark?丹麥resist?抵抗Alfred the Great?阿爾弗雷德大帝 Danish?丹麥的wherein?其中Danes?丹麥人?Edward the Confessor?愛德華懺悔者brother-in-law?姐夫crowned?被加冕為Normandy?諾曼底succession?繼承formidable?強(qiáng)大的 defeated擊敗?Harold of Wessex海爾特維爾戴斯?battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯English英格蘭人Christmas Day?圣誕節(jié)Conquest征服?feudalism?封建制Conqueror征服者?marked標(biāo)志著 Westminster?威斯敏斯特教堂crown?王位principal主要的?family?家族Henry II亨利二世grandson?曾外孫ascend繼承throne王位rule統(tǒng)治House of Anjou安茹王朝 House of Plantagenet金雀花王朝empire帝國courts?法院justice公正??introduced?引進(jìn)jury?陪審團(tuán)common?普通的system制度institutionalized?制度化的throughout遍及 Richard I理查一世demand要求feudal封建的army service兵役??avenge復(fù)仇?lords?貴族Magna Carta/ Great Charter?大憲章referred to提及commonly常常 clause?條款?exact強(qiáng)求?vassals??封臣freeman自由民?imprison?監(jiān)禁convict定罪?freely??自由地weight and measures?度量衡?be given to?被給予civil?國家的privileged有特權(quán)的? progressive?進(jìn)步的townspeople?市民self-government?自治craftman?工匠appeared?出現(xiàn)political force?政治力量constitutionalism?立憲主義take the reins?掌管waged發(fā)動(dòng)?regain?收回 pretext?借口?in violation of?違反....outraged?氣憤的normal正常的?revenue稅收noble??貴族?Simon de Montfort?西蒙·德·蒙德福特?Earl of Leicester萊切斯特伯爵?? draft?起草Provisions of Oxford?牛津條例power權(quán)力Privy Council?樞密院Provisions of Westminster威斯敏特條例clergymen?圣職人員commoners?平民parliament?議會(huì) Hundred Years' War?百年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)Wars of the Rose玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)Flanders佛蘭德wool羊毛Charles IV查理斯四世Edward III愛德華三世claim??宣稱claimant要求權(quán)利的人? Philip VI?菲利普六世head首領(lǐng)?Valos House瓦羅亞王室?renew?重申in one's favor?對(duì)..有利gun?槍gunpowder?火藥bow?弓arrow?箭Calais加來effectiveness有效性? nationalism?民族主義textile紡織品?bourgeois?資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的position?地位the House of York?約克王朝badge?徽章House of Lancaster蘭開斯特王朝?Richard理查德? displace?取代Lancastrain?蘭開斯特的Henry Tudor亨利都鐸House of Tudor都鐸王朝national?民族的centralized?中央集權(quán)的medieval中世紀(jì)的age??時(shí)代reformation改革? inevitable?不可避免的Roman羅馬的?Catholic?天主教的Church教會(huì)?monarchy君主制?resentment怨恨?Pope?教皇suspected?懷疑wholesale大規(guī)模的?suppression鎮(zhèn)壓 monasteries?修道院confiscated?沒收Act of Supremacy?至尊法案Supreme至高無上的?guise?偽裝bloody?血腥的persecution迫害?executed執(zhí)行?Queen女王? Elizabeth?伊麗莎白settlement?定居?Protestant?新教教徒appease平息?Catholics天主教徒?compromise?妥協(xié)faction派別?fruit果實(shí)?Anglican Church?安立甘教會(huì) consolidated?鞏固?parliamentary?議會(huì)clash?沖突monopolies?壟斷thereafter此后?citizen公民?holder?持有者grave?嚴(yán)重的hardship?困難consent?同意Charles I??查理一世 dissolved解散??afflicted折磨?capitalist?資本主義的Royalist保皇黨Cavaliers?保爾黨人Parliamentarians議會(huì)議員?Roundhead?圓顱黨Oliver Cromwell???奧利弗?克倫威爾 led領(lǐng)導(dǎo)New Model Army新模范軍?Civil War內(nèi)戰(zhàn)abolish廢除commonwealth英聯(lián)邦?republic?共和國conservative?保守的succeed繼承James II?詹姆斯二世readiness?愿意 glorious?光榮的bourgeoisie資產(chǎn)階級(jí)?Netherlands?荷蘭father-in-law岳父United聯(lián)合的fled to逃往joint聯(lián)合sovereign?君主revolution?革命Bill of Right?權(quán)利法案 authority?權(quán)力ruling?裁決constitutional monarchy?君主立憲制cricumscribed?限制prosperous?繁榮的entrepreneurs企業(yè)家root起源?commerce?商業(yè)Seven Years'War?七年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) seized?奪取colonial?殖民的territory領(lǐng)地capture?奪取East India Company??東印度公司enclosure movement?圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)landowners?地主landless無土地的?laborer?勞動(dòng)者 textile industry紡織業(yè)?Spinning Jenny詹妮紡紗機(jī)?water frame?水力紡紗機(jī)Royal皇家的Afican非洲的employment?工作spinning mule?走錠紡紗機(jī)?power loom動(dòng)力織布機(jī)? stram engine蒸汽機(jī)?mechanization?機(jī)械化canal?水渠steam locomotive蒸汽機(jī)車?railway鐵道?railroad?鐵路fleet?艦隊(duì)transportation?運(yùn)輸underwent?經(jīng)歷urbanization城市化? sprang up?出現(xiàn)Manchester Leeds??利茲Birmingham?伯明翰?Sheffield?謝爾菲德proletariat無產(chǎn)階級(jí)British Empire大英帝國?Newfoundland紐芬蘭?West Indies西印度群島 First British Empire?第一帝國ascend登上New Imperialism?新帝國主義a quarter of?四分之一domininous英聯(lián)邦自治領(lǐng)Crown?王位successively連續(xù)?Empress of India?印度女皇jewel in the Crown?皇冠上的珠寶 springboard?跳板colonists?殖民者sphere范圍?Opium War?鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)Treaty協(xié)議?whereby?由此ceded?割讓missionary?傳教士wage發(fā)動(dòng)