正文翻譯

During World War 2, for every soldier on the battlefield, there were 17 people behind the lines in support of that soldier (working out logistics, supply chain, intel, transportation, etc.)

在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，每一個前線士兵背后就有17個人對他進(jìn)行支援。這17個人主要從事后勤，情報及運輸?shù)确?wù)。

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在英屬印度，包括今天的巴基斯坦地區(qū)，印度地區(qū)以及孟加拉國。在這片土地上，英國多次造成嚴(yán)重的饑荒。大的饑荒就有12次。死亡總?cè)丝诖蠹s五千萬人。你可能會覺得這是饑荒，是天災(zāi)，沒有任何人需要對負(fù)責(zé)。事實上情況并非如此。英國的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和社會政策加劇了這個問題。例如在饑荒期間，大英帝國繼續(xù)從這些土地征收糧食以供出口。在1873年至1874年間，印度比哈爾包發(fā)生饑荒并沒有造成大規(guī)模的死亡。當(dāng)時政府采取了充分的措施來防止餓死人的狀況發(fā)生。這個事例證明在饑荒發(fā)生過程當(dāng)中，政府是有很多事可以做的。在這12次大饑荒中，有一次大饑荒導(dǎo)致孟加拉地區(qū)1/3的人口死亡。這是一場相當(dāng)于歐洲黑死病的災(zāi)難。

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3.Colin Maretsky, knows a thang or two about history
Answered March 13, 2019 · Upvoted by Colleen Anne Coyle, Ph.D Archaeology, University of Chicago
Magellan wasn’t the first man to circumnavigate the globe! He didn’t even get close!
You think Magellan sailed around the world? HAH!
Because you know why? He got MURDERED.
Here’s the story:
Magellan went out one bright Spring of 1519 to go from Spain to the Spice Islands (Indonesia), which everyone heard had the spiciest spices.On the way, some hilarious mutinies occurred, resulting in Magellan good-naturedly executing 3 dozen men.Before Indonesia, he landed in Cebu, Philippines, and thought, “Now would be a great time to convert these natives to MY religion, and I can tell them what God wants. Namely, that I’m their overlord.” So, Magellan is Spring Break-ing it up in Cebu, when he hears that one chieftan (Lapu-Lapu), doesn’t actually like this Jesus character, and furthermore, thinks Spain can shove it.He tells his men he’s about to go all “Second Coming” on this guy’s ass, and goes over with a list of friendly request, such as “kneel right here and pay me money, or I kill everyone.”Lapu-Lapu, in the style of American Idol’s Randy Jackson, says, “It’s gonna be a no from me, dawg.” Magellan then marches his sixty sailors onto the beach at Mactan, preparing to, in his words, “bring the ruckus”.Lapu-Lapu meets him there with no fewer than fifteen hundred armed warriors.Magellan, upon seeing the warriors, is quoted as saying, “oh actually you guys I forgot my sword on the boat, so go on ahead and I’ll catch up with you.”Before they could react, Lapu-Lapu stormed the shallow waters where Magellan and his men were standing. They swiftly killed several sailors, before converging on Magellan himself. Magellan’s men yelled to him that they knew, in this instance, that he would want them to save themselves and leave him to die.Magellan yelled back that he definitely did not want that, and to come save him right now.Magellan’s men said sorry but its too noisy, and they couldn’t hear that last thing he just said right there.Magellan died right on that beach in 1521, no more than halfway around the world from where he started. Lapu-Lapu is hailed as a Filipino hero to this day. He’s even on the coin!

麥哲倫不是第一個進(jìn)行環(huán)球航行的人。他距離環(huán)球航行差距甚遠(yuǎn)。
你知道這是為什么嗎？因為在航行途中他被謀殺了。1519年春天，麥哲倫一行開始向香料群島進(jìn)發(fā)，也就是今天的印度尼西亞。在遠(yuǎn)洋航行當(dāng)中發(fā)生了幾起兵變，麥哲倫處死了30多名船員。在去印度尼西亞之前，他在菲律賓宿務(wù)登陸。他想著讓當(dāng)?shù)厝损б阑浇?。但是，?dāng)?shù)氐囊粋€酋長告訴他，他們并不喜歡耶穌。而且，他認(rèn)為西班牙人可能會推翻他的統(tǒng)治。麥哲倫告訴他的手下們，他想要再來一次試試。他提出了一些要求，比如讓酋長跪下，將錢奉上，否則，他就會殺光所有人。
麥哲倫帶領(lǐng)他的60名水手登上了海灘，用他自己的話來說，他打算引發(fā)當(dāng)?shù)夭柯涞尿}亂。但是，那位酋長帶了1500多名全副武裝武裝的戰(zhàn)士與麥哲倫會面。據(jù)說麥哲倫看到酋長的部隊之后說：“我把我的劍忘在船上了。你們先過去吧，我會趕上你們的?！?結(jié)果，他們還沒來得及反應(yīng)，酋長部隊便追上了他們。他們殺死了幾名水手，然后向麥哲倫本人逼近。麥哲倫的屬下向他大喊大叫。他們知道麥哲倫想要讓他們?nèi)ゾ茸约?。他的屬下大聲喊道，你在說什么？我聽不見！1521年，麥哲倫被殺死在那片海灘上。這個地方距離他的出發(fā)點要繞半個地球的距離。這位拉普拉普酋長至今被譽為菲律賓的英雄。他甚至被刻在了硬幣上面。

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4.Colleen Anne Coyle, Ph.D Archaeology, University of Chicago
Answered January 18, 2019 · Upvoted by Hugh Weller-Lewis, MA Literature & Social Sciences, The Open University (1991) and Tuva Andersen Cervall, M.S/M.A Byzantine Architecture, History and Art & Archaeology, Stockholm University (2025)
Several decades ago, when a Dutch private collector purchased a golden Budda statue, he had no idea of the surprise contained within.
The papier-maché statue, which has the dimensions, roughly, of a seated person and is covered in lacquer and gold paint, has a murky history.[1] It was likely housed in a monastery in Southeastern China for centuries, before being exported from the country during the Cultural Revolution. A tumultuous period of social upheaval in Communist China started in 1966 when Chairman Mao Zedong urged citizens to seize property, dismantle educational systems and attack "bourgeois" cultural institutions. (The current owner bought the statue legally.) During some much needed restoration work in the 1990s, it was determined that the statue was neither solid nor hollow.[2] When the restorer removed the statue from its wooden platform, he noticed two pillows emblazoned with Chinese text placed beneath the statue's knees.[3] Removal of the pillows revealed the human remains.Scientific tests revealed that the ancient Buddhist statue contains the perfectly preserved remains of a 1,000-year-old mummified monk.[4] In addition to possibly being an example of self-mummification, the statue is considered to be the only such example in the world. Researchers believe the statue contains the body of a Buddhist master named Liuquan, who may have practiced the tradition of “self-mummification” to reach his final resting place.[5] Sitting in the lotus position, the monk is thought to have starved himself to death in an act of extreme spiritual devotion in China or Tibet in the 10th century.[6] It was not uncommon for monks to practise self-mummification but to find a mummified monk inside a statue is really extraordinary. For a monk that wanted to achieve enlightenment and be revered as a “l(fā)iving Buddha,” self-mummification was the only option.[7]
His fellow monks would have placed him adjacent to a fire to dessicate his body, eventually placing his remains on display in the monastery. After 200 years, as his remains began to deteriorate, the monks realised that he needed additional support and preservation. His mummified body was placed inside the elaborate, lacquered statue of Buddha.[17]

上面這尊雕塑大致相當(dāng)于一個坐著的人。這尊佛像渾身鋪滿了金色的油漆。他的歷史來源并不清楚。在WG之前，這尊佛像在中國東南地區(qū)的一個寺院已經(jīng)被保存了幾個世紀(jì)。
在上個世紀(jì)90年代，需要對這尊塑像進(jìn)行修復(fù)，當(dāng)時發(fā)現(xiàn)這尊佛像既不是固態(tài)實心，也不是完全空心。當(dāng)修復(fù)者把雕像從木質(zhì)平臺上移開的時候，他注意到雕像膝蓋下面放著兩個印有中文字樣的枕頭。移出枕頭之后露出了人類的骸骨?？茖W(xué)家才發(fā)現(xiàn)這尊佛像里面是一具1000年前的僧侶的尸骨。
這尊塑像被認(rèn)為在世界上是絕無僅有的。研究人員認(rèn)為這尊佛像是一位名叫柳泉的佛教大師的遺體。他可能是通過一種特殊的方式達(dá)到了他最后的安息之地。人們認(rèn)為它是以蓮花坐姿的方式將自己活活餓死。這種行為表現(xiàn)了僧侶的虔誠。僧人的坐化并不少見，但在一尊佛像當(dāng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)一具這樣的僧人，實在是太不可思議了。對于一個想要開悟并被尊為活佛的僧人來說，這是唯一的選擇。
他的弟子們將他放在火堆旁，將他的尸體烤干。最終將他的遺體陳列在修道院中。兩百多年后，隨著他的遺體開始慢慢變質(zhì)，僧侶們意識到應(yīng)該要給這具尸體增加額外的支撐。于是，最終這具尸體被放在了佛像當(dāng)中。

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6.Sadaf Saad, Sophomore Human Resource Management & General Management, Independent University, Bangladesh
Sultan Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire, a total nervous wreck and a generally unbalanced ruler, once had his whole harem—a total of 280 concubines—thrown into and drowned in the Bosporus strait.One expert suggests that as many as 600,000 people who were designated “witches” perished during the medi period. Dentures: what would old people and hockey players do without them? Well, until the mid-1800s, dentures, aesthetically pleasing as they may be, were actually often made of teeth pulled from deceased soldiers. Hey, they’re not using them, right?The extremely goth Britons of the Ice Age commonly used old human skulls as cups. I repeat: as long as they’re not using them.Pour out another one for ancient dental hygiene: in ancient Rome, it was totally normal to use urine as mouthwash. In the Medi Ages, animals could be put on trial, and were very commonly sentenced to death.Over the course of his massively powerful campaigning around Asia and Europe, Genghis Khan killed an estimated 40 million people—that was 10% of the world’s population. But he’s also pretty much everyone’s common ancestor.
Today, the rich have plastic surgery, liposuction, and blood transfusions. But back in the 16th century, the really wealthy used to eat dead bodies, thinking that (somehow) the cadavers could cure diseases. The highest delicacy of all these bodies? Why, Egyptian mummies of course. Winston Churchill typically smoked eight to ten cigars a day, sometimes as much as fifteen. That’s cigars, not even cigarettes.After a long day working on the Great Pyramids, Ancient Egyptians liked to get into bed, unwind, and lay their heads on a nice comfy rock. That’s right, they used rock slabs for their pillows.In the 1920s, Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov unsuccessfully attempted to create a human/chimpanzee hybrid by using artificial insemination. George Washington might have been the first president of the United States, but he also should have been first in line to see a doctor: the guy variously contracted malaria, dysentery, small pox, and diphtheria, among other diseases.Hitler, like many members of the Nazi party, was vehemently against cruelty towards animals, and was a strict vegetarian.

奧斯曼帝國的蘇丹易卜拉欣是一個非常神經(jīng)質(zhì)的人, 他的精神極不穩(wěn)定。他曾經(jīng)把他的整個后宮總共280名妻妾扔進(jìn)了博斯普魯斯海峽。有專家指出，在整個中世紀(jì)有60萬名女巫被處死。假牙是一件非常有意思的事情。如果老年人或者是曲棍球運動員沒有假牙會怎么辦呢？事實上，直到19世紀(jì)中期，假牙雖然看起來非常美觀。但是他們通常都是用已故的士兵的牙齒做的。冰河時期的不列顛人曾經(jīng)用古人類頭骨來制作杯子。只是他們不太經(jīng)常去使用。在古羅馬，用尿液漱口是完全正常的事情。在中世紀(jì)的時候，即使是動物也會遭到審判。那個時期的動物通常都會被判處死刑。成吉思汗在亞洲和歐洲的大規(guī)模征伐當(dāng)中殺害了大約四千萬人。
這個數(shù)量占當(dāng)時世界總?cè)丝诘?0%。今天富人會去做整形手術(shù)。他們有的時候會進(jìn)行抽脂和輸血。但是在16世紀(jì)的時候，那些富人曾經(jīng)吃過尸體，他們認(rèn)為吃尸體可以治療疾病。那么最美味的是什么呢？當(dāng)然是埃及的木乃伊了。溫斯頓.丘吉爾通常一天會抽八到十支雪茄。有的時候甚至可以多達(dá)15只。記住，那是雪茄，不是香煙。古埃及人喜歡躺在床上放松一下，他們的頭枕在石頭上面。沒錯，他們是用石頭來做枕頭的。在20世紀(jì)20年代，伊萬諾維奇伊萬諾夫曾經(jīng)試圖想要通過人工授精的方式來制造人類與黑猩猩的雜交后代，但是最終沒有成功。喬治華盛頓是美國第一任總統(tǒng)。他應(yīng)該是第一個去看醫(yī)生的人。他感染了瘧疾，痢疾，天花和白喉，懂多種疾病。希特勒和很多納粹黨員一樣，他們強烈反對虐待動物。希特勒是一個嚴(yán)格的素食主義者。

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7.Elijah Bailey, studied at Self Taught Mostly
The very first chemist that we have a record of is a Mesopotamian woman named “Taputti” and she was a perfume maker.Many ancient Chinese generals and emperors died drinking substances like mercury and arsenic because they believed it would grant them immortality. The Cyrillic Alphabet, which many languages today are based off of, like Uzbek, Ukrainian, Russian, etc., did not exist until the 9th century, and it was created by 2 monks who were tasked with translating the Bible and traveling across Europe to “Christianize” it. The reason being that slavic languages were mostly spoken and not written down, so they borrowed characters from Latin, Hebrew, and Greek because they produced the same sounds that were made in the slavic languages.
1. Sultan Ibrahim I was obsessed by chubby women. He was born in Istanbul, the capitol of the Ottoman empire. Afraid of having his throne usurped, Ibrahim's older brother killed all of his younger brothers except for Ibrahim because he found him to be of no threat due to his lack of mental ability. Ibrahim I was obsessed with overweight women and ordered his men to search for the most obese women in the Ottoman Empire. He found a woman in Georgia and gave her a nickname that translates literally to “a piece of sugar.” She weighed around 330 pounds. He gave her a salary and appointed her Governor of Damascus. At one point, Ibrahim had nearly 300 women in his harem.

有史以來第一個化學(xué)家在美索不達(dá)米亞，她是一位女性香水制造商。中國古代的很多將軍和皇帝是死于汞和砷。他們相信吃這些東西可以保持長生不老。
西里爾字母是很多語言的基礎(chǔ)。其中包括烏茲別克，烏克蘭，俄羅斯等國。事實上，西里爾字母直到公元九世紀(jì)才產(chǎn)生。這種字母是有兩個修道士所創(chuàng)造的。他們創(chuàng)造西里爾字母的目的是為了翻譯《圣經(jīng)》。這主要是因為斯拉夫人是通過口語而不是書面形式來進(jìn)行交流的。所以，他們從拉丁語，希伯來語和希臘語中借用字符，最終用這些字符來匹配斯拉夫人的語言。
奧斯曼帝國的蘇丹易卜拉欣癡迷于胖乎乎的女人。他出生在伊斯坦布爾，這所城市是當(dāng)時奧斯曼帝國的首都。由于害怕王位被篡奪。他的哥哥將其他所有的兄弟都?xì)⒌?。他之所以保住了自己的性命是因為他看起來沒有什么威脅。他的智力很低，他癡迷于超胖的女人。他命令他的仆人們在奧斯曼帝國尋找最胖的女人。在格魯吉亞，他找到了一個女人。他給這個女人取了一個外號“糖果。這個女人體重約330磅，他給這個女人發(fā)了薪水，他任命這個女人當(dāng)大馬士革的省長。