Molecule of the Week:?Perovskite

鈣鈦礦是一種由鈦酸鈣(CaTiO3)組成的礦物質(zhì)，也被稱為鈣鈦氧化物。CaTiO3無色，但鈣鈦礦呈現(xiàn)出各種雜質(zhì)(如鐵和銅)的顏色。

1839年，柏林大學(xué)礦物學(xué)家Gustavus Rose在俄羅斯烏拉爾山脈發(fā)現(xiàn)了鈣鈦礦，他用俄羅斯礦物學(xué)家Lev Perovski的為其命名。

“鈣鈦礦”也被廣泛作為具有結(jié)構(gòu)ABX3的化合物的名稱，其中A是氧化態(tài)為+2的金屬；B是氧化態(tài)為+4的金屬；而X是非金屬，通常是氧，氧化態(tài)為-2 。由這些化合物組成的礦物質(zhì)也同樣被稱為鈣鈦礦。

鈣鈦礦與金紅石和鈦鐵礦一樣，都是很有價(jià)值的鈦礦。除了俄羅斯，鈣鈦礦還分布在瑞士、意大利和美國阿肯色州等不同地區(qū)。

許多具有鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu)的氧化物具有被應(yīng)用到電子設(shè)備所需要的理化性質(zhì)。這些氧化物的特性包括：導(dǎo)電性、氧化物離子通過晶格的遷移能力、熱穩(wěn)定性和化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性，以及超磁、光催化、熱電和介電特性。尤其是CaTiO3表現(xiàn)出了很強(qiáng)的電子和離子導(dǎo)電能力。

鈣鈦礦信息速覽

CAS 登記號

12194-71-7

SciFinder命名

Perovskite [Ca(TiO3)]

分子式

CaO3Ti

摩爾質(zhì)量

135.94 g/mol

外觀

黑色、棕色、黃色或橘黃色晶體

熔點(diǎn)

1975 oC

水溶性

不溶

鈣鈦礦危害信息

不是危害物質(zhì)或混合物

【關(guān)于每周分子】

自2001年以來，“每周分子”已成為廣受歡迎的欄目。多數(shù)分子由讀者推薦。每個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都經(jīng)由科學(xué)家審查，并以3-D和平面圖像的形式顯示，同時(shí)附有該分子簡介。可以通過美國化學(xué)文摘社 (CAS) 提供的SciFinder中的CAS REGISTRY獲取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每條物質(zhì)信息都展示了物質(zhì)的CAS登記號、索引名、通用名、商品名、書目信息等其他更多信息。發(fā)送郵件至motw@acs.org推薦您感興趣的分子吧。

Perovskite is a mineral that consists of calcium titanate (CaTiO3), also known as calcium titanium oxide. CaTiO3?is colorless, but perovskite takes on the colors of various impurities, such as iron and copper. The mineral occurs as orthorhombic crystals.

University of Berlin mineralogist Gustavus Rose discovered perovskite in the Ural Mountains of Russia in 1839. He named the substance after Russian mineralogist and nobleman Lev Perovski.

The name “perovskite” is also used broadly for compounds with the structure ABX3, in which A is a metal with oxidation state 2+; B is a metal with oxidation state 4+; and X is a nonmetal, usually oxygen, with oxidation state 2–. Minerals composed of these compounds are likewise called perovskites.

Perovskite, along with the minerals rutile and ilmenite, is valuable as a titanium ore. In addition to Russia, it occurs in such diverse locations as Switzerland, Italy, and Arkansas.

Many oxides with the perovskite structure have physical and chemical properties that make them?useful in electronic devices.?Their characteristics include electrical conductivity; oxide ion mobility through crystal lattices; thermal and chemical stability; and supermagnetic, photocatalytic, thermoelectric, and dielectric properties. CaTiO3?in particular exhibits?strong electrical and ionic conductivity.

Perovskitefast facts

CAS Reg. No.

12194-71-7

SciFinder nomenclature

Perovskite [Ca(TiO3)]

Empirical

formula

CaO3Ti

Molar mass

135.94?g/mol

Appearance

Black, brown, yellow, or orange crystals

Melting point

1975 oC

Water solubility

Insoluble

Perovskite hazard information

Not a hazardous substance or mixture

About Molecule of the Week

MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the?CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using?SciFinder. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more.?Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.

Copyright???2021 American Chemical Society