7.10早讀 | 電影是永恒的。痛苦是暫時(shí)的

陪你早讀的?TeacherGwen?今天

今天是Gwen陪你早讀的第?2061?天哦！

7.10 早讀

Film is forever. Pain is temporary

《皮克斯的故事》

每日聽(tīng)寫(xiě)7.5-7.9中級(jí)匯總

Sophie: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Sophie...

大家好，歡迎收聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)六分鐘，我是蘇菲。

Neil: And I'm Neil.

我是尼爾。

Sophie: How was your weekend, Neil?

尼爾，你周末過(guò)得怎么樣？

Neil: Well, not great – I hadn't got anything planned, so I didn't see anyone for two days. And to be honest, I felt very lonely! There was a real physical feeling in the pit of my stomach.

不太好，我沒(méi)有任何計(jì)劃，所以這兩天也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)任何人。老實(shí)說(shuō)，我感到非常孤獨(dú)！這種真實(shí)的孤獨(dú)感在我的胃里翻滾。

Sophie: Poor Neil! You do sound really down in the dumps, and that means unhappy! Well, the subject of today's show is loneliness. And loneliness is sometimes described as a social pain – a pain that tells us that we're isolated – or lacking contact with others– which motivates us to seek out companionship.

可憐的尼爾！這么說(shuō)來(lái)，你確實(shí)情緒很低落，也就是說(shuō)你很不開(kāi)心。今天節(jié)目的話(huà)題就是孤獨(dú)。孤獨(dú)有時(shí)被描述為一種社交痛苦，這種痛苦告訴我們，我們是孤立的，缺乏與他人的交流。這會(huì)促使我們尋求陪伴。

Neil: I'd no idea that feeling lonely had a biological explanation! How does being sociable help us, as a species, then, Sophie?

我不知道孤獨(dú)還會(huì)有生物學(xué)上的解釋?zhuān)∩缃皇侨绾螏椭覀內(nèi)祟?lèi)的呢？

Sophie: It's all about cooperation – or working together to get something done – for example, finding food.

這與合作有關(guān)，或者說(shuō)一起努力做成某件事，如尋找食物。

Neil: Well, I suppose I cooperated with the pizza delivery guy for a shared outcome.

我覺(jué)得我和送披薩的小哥合作得很好，我們共享成果。

Sophie: You paid him and he gave you the pizza?

你付給他錢(qián)，然后他給你披薩？

Neil: Exactly. But it wasn't a socially enriching experience. That's the bad thing about London – you can feel lonely, even surrounded with people. It isn't easy to meet people you really like – so often you might as well just on your own.

沒(méi)錯(cuò)。但這種社交經(jīng)歷太單調(diào)了。在倫敦就是這點(diǎn)不好，即便你身邊都是人，你還是會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)。很難遇到你真正喜歡的人，所以你經(jīng)常獨(dú)處。

Sophie: Good point. And I have a question about cities and living alone, Neil, because it's on the rise. Which country has the highest proportion of people living on their own? Is it ... a) the US? b) Japan? Or c) Sweden?

說(shuō)的沒(méi)錯(cuò)。我有一個(gè)和城市以及獨(dú)居相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，獨(dú)居的人數(shù)還在增加，哪一個(gè)國(guó)家的獨(dú)居人口比例最高？a) 美國(guó)？b) 日本？還是c) 瑞典？

Neil: Well, I'm going to guess b) Japan.

我猜是b) 日本。

Sophie: OK, we'll see if you got that right later on in the show. So, getting back to loneliness – the idea is that because it makes us feel bad, it motivates us to go out and meet people. Some people are more likely to feel lonely than others because our genes play a role in this tendency.

好的，稍后我們?cè)倏茨愕幕卮鹗欠裾_?；氐健肮陋?dú)”的話(huà)題上來(lái)，因?yàn)楣陋?dú)讓我們感到很糟糕，所以這會(huì)促使我們出去和別人接觸。有些人比其他人更容易感到孤獨(dú)，這是因?yàn)槲覀兊幕蛞苍诎l(fā)揮著作用。

Neil: I wonder if I inherited loneliness genes.

我不知道我是否繼承了孤獨(dú)的基因。

Sophie: I don't know, Neil, but while in some situations being lonely may be a good thing, because it encourages you to be sociable, in other situations it may be useful to tolerate – or put up with – loneliness. Let's listen to Professor Dorret Boomsma at the Vrije University in Amsterdam talking about this.

我不知道，但在一些情況下，孤獨(dú)也許是件好事，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)促使你去社交，而在另一些情況下，這也許對(duì)你忍受孤獨(dú)很有幫助。我們來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)阿姆斯特丹自由大學(xué)多爾特·布姆薩馬教授的看法。

So the intriguing question is why do genes that influence loneliness still exist? And one explanation is that probably they do not only have negative effects. In some situations it is an advantage to be able to tolerate high levels of loneliness and that is why the genes are maintained in the population.

一個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題是：為什么影響孤獨(dú)的基因仍然存在？一種解釋是，因?yàn)楣陋?dú)不僅僅會(huì)帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響。在一些情況下，能夠忍受高層次的孤獨(dú)也是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。這也是孤獨(dú)基因依舊存在的原因。

Sophie: So, inheriting genes for loneliness might not be a bad thing. Why's that, Neil?

所以繼承了孤獨(dú)的基因也許不是件壞事。為什么呢？

Neil: Because it means you can tolerate being alone for a long time without feeling bad.

因?yàn)檫@意味著你可以忍受長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的孤獨(dú)，而且不會(huì)感到很難受。

Sophie: Well, that's an intriguing – or very interesting – idea. But it shows that you probably don't have those genes, Neil, because you did feel bad at the weekend.

這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)很有趣。但這也說(shuō)明你并沒(méi)有這些基因，因?yàn)槟阍谥苣└械胶茉愀狻?/p>

Neil: That's true. And actually, that was despite spending a long time on Facebook, and that's a form of social contact. But does all the tweeting, messaging, and chatting online that we do make us lonelier, because we're getting out less and meeting fewer people? Or do virtual connections stop us from feeling lonely?

是的。盡管我花費(fèi)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在Facebook上，但我還是感到孤獨(dú)，雖然這也是一種社交形式。發(fā)推特、發(fā)短信、在線(xiàn)聊天是不是讓我們更孤獨(dú)了？因?yàn)槲覀兺獬龅臅r(shí)間越來(lái)越少，見(jiàn)到的人也越來(lái)越少。還是說(shuō)虛擬溝通讓我們不再感到孤獨(dú)？

Sophie: Those are also intriguing questions. Let's listen to Professor Eric Klinenberg sociologist at New York University and author of a book about living alone. He talks about this

這也是個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題。我們來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)紐約大學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)家埃里克·克林南柏格教授的看法，他還寫(xiě)了一本有關(guān)獨(dú)居的書(shū)。他談到了以下這些。

We just don't have great research showing that we are significantly more lonely or isolated today than we were ten or twenty or thirty years ago, which means critics who say that Facebook or the internet or whatever device you carry with you, is making you lonelier and more miserable - they just don't have that much evidence to back it up.

沒(méi)有研究顯示我們比十年前，二十年前或三十年前更孤獨(dú)或更孤僻。這也就是說(shuō)，批評(píng)人士認(rèn)為Facebook或網(wǎng)絡(luò)或那些你攜帶的電子設(shè)備讓你越來(lái)越孤獨(dú)，越來(lái)越悲慘，這實(shí)際上是沒(méi)有足夠證據(jù)的。

Neil: So there isn't enough evidence to back up – or support – the claim that social media is making us feel lonelier.

所以沒(méi)有足夠的證據(jù)證明社交媒體讓我們感到更孤獨(dú)。

Sophie: No, there isn't. OK, now before I give you the answer to today's quiz question, Neil, did you know that loneliness is contagious?

是的，沒(méi)有。好了，在公布今天問(wèn)題的答案之前，尼爾，你知道孤獨(dú)是可以傳染的嗎？

Neil: You mean you can catch it from somebody like a cold?

你是說(shuō)就像感冒一樣，別人能傳染給我們？

Sophie: Yes. There are environmental factors involved in loneliness too. For example, if somebody you talk to every day is always unfriendly towards you, this makes you statistically more likely to be negative in your interactions with somebody else.

沒(méi)錯(cuò)。環(huán)境也是導(dǎo)致孤獨(dú)感的因素。例如，你每天和一個(gè)對(duì)你不友好的人交流，這會(huì)讓你越來(lái)越消極地對(duì)待與他人的交流。

Neil: Well, let's try and stay friendly towards each other, then, Sophie. You can start by telling me whether I got today's quiz question right!

那讓我們?cè)囍鴮?duì)待彼此友好一些。你對(duì)我友善可以從告訴我我今天的回答是否正確開(kāi)始。

Sophie: OK. I asked: which country has the highest proportion of people living on their own? Is it ... a) the US, b) Japan or c) Sweden?

好的。我問(wèn)你：哪一個(gè)國(guó)家的獨(dú)居人口比例最高？a) 美國(guó), b) 日本，還是 c) 瑞典?

Neil: And I said Japan.

我選的是日本。

Sophie: This is the wrong answer, I'm afraid. It's actually c) Sweden. Nearly half of all Swedish households are single-occupancy – or for one person. Living alone in Sweden is arguably the norm because it's so easy – there are many affordable single-occupancy apartments and young Swedes can expect to move into their own apartment once they graduate high-school.

恐怕你回答錯(cuò)了。正確答案是c) 瑞典。幾乎一半的瑞典人都是獨(dú)居。在瑞典獨(dú)居像是慣例，因?yàn)楠?dú)居太容易了，很多人都能買(mǎi)得起的單身公寓。年輕的瑞典人高中畢業(yè)后就能搬到自己的公寓。

Neil: OK, now let's hear the words we learned today again, Sophie.

好了，現(xiàn)在我們回顧一下今天學(xué)到的單詞吧

Sophie: Yes, OK. They are:

好的，分別是：

down in the dumps

情緒低落

loneliness

孤

isolated

孤立的

cooperation

合作

tolerate

忍受

intriguing

有趣的

back up

支撐

contagious

傳染的

single occupancy

單人入住

Neil: Well, that's the end of this edition of 6 Minute English. Join us again soon! Meanwhile, visit our website: bbclearningenglish. com, where you'll find guides to grammar, exercises, videos and articles to read and improve your English.

今天的節(jié)目就到這里了。我們下期再會(huì)！同時(shí)，可以登陸我們的網(wǎng)站：bbclearningenglish. com查找語(yǔ)法、練習(xí)、視頻和文章來(lái)進(jìn)行閱讀，提高自己的英語(yǔ)。

Both: Bye!

再見(jiàn)！

That was 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English dot com.

以上是bbclearningenglish. com英語(yǔ)六分鐘節(jié)目。