背景、符號標(biāo)記等見序言

5.1 L. Catilina, nobili genere natus, fuit magna vi et animi et corporis, sed ingenio malo pravoque.

洛：Lucius Catilina, scion of a noble family, had great vigor both of mind and of body, but an evil and depraved nature.

試：Lucius Catilina, born in a noble family, was with great strength of both mind and body, but an evil and distorted nature.

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5.2 Huic ab adulescentia bella intestina, caedes, rapinae, discordia civilis grata fuere ibique iuventutem suam exercuit.

洛：From youth up he revelled in civil wars, murder, pillage, and political dissension, and amid these he spent his early manhood.

試：To this man, internal wars, slaughters, pillages, civil discords were pleasing from young age and he exercised his youth there.

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5.3 Corpus patiens inediae, algoris, vigiliae supra quam cuiquam credibile est.

洛：His body could endure hunger, cold and want of sleep to an incredible degree;

試：His body, enduring starvation, cold and sleeplessness, was beyond what is credible to anyone.

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5.4 Animus audax, subdolus, varius, cuius rei lubet simulator ac dissimulator, alieni adpetens, sui profusus, ardens in cupiditatibus; satis eloquentiae, sapientiae parum.

洛：his mind was reckless, cunning, treacherous, capable of any form of pretence or concealment. Covetous of others’?possessions, he was prodigal of his own; he was violent in his passions. He possessed a certain amount of eloquence, but little discretion.

試：His mind was reckless, crafty and variegated, pleasing to be the pretender and concealer of anything, craving for other’s thing, lavish for his own, burning in desires; he had enough of eloquence, little wisdom.

思考：

1. 整句應(yīng)是省略了esse動詞，且似乎發(fā)生了主語變化。

2. cuius rei...分句中cuius應(yīng)按不定代詞理解。libet(libut)不好理解，語法結(jié)構(gòu)也不清晰？

5.5 Vastus animus inmoderata, incredibilia, nimis alta semper cupiebat.

洛：His disordered mind ever craved the monstrous, incredible, gigantic.

試：His empty soul always desired other unbound, incredible things very much.

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5.6 Hunc [post dominationem L. Sullae] lubido (maxuma) invaserat (rei publicae capiundae); neque {id [quibus modis] adsequeretur, [dum sibi regnum pararet]}, quicquam (pensi) habebat.

洛：After the domination of Lucius Sulla the man had been seized with a mighty desire of getting control of the government, recking little by what manner he should achieve it, provided he made himself supreme.

試：After the dominion of Lucius Sulla, the extreme desire of controlling the country possessed this man; nor he had any regard that by what manners he would attain it provided that he prepared supremacy for himself.

思考：

1. id(n.c)指代上個分句中的rei publicae capiundae。

2. neque id...至句尾的語法分析應(yīng)該如上，賓語從句中又嵌套了一個條件句。

3. 條件句兩個分句中的動詞都是sj..3..imp，暗示了與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。

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5.7 Agitabatur magis magisque in dies animus ferox inopia rei familiaris et conscientia scelerum, quae utraque iis artibus auxerat, quas supra memoravi.

洛：His haughty spirit was goaded more and more every day by poverty and a sense of guilt, both of which he had augmented by the practices of which I have already spoken.

試：His haughty soul was driven more and more everyday by the lack of family property and the conscience of guilt, which he had increased both by the ways that I had mentioned above.

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5.8 Incitabant praeterea corrupti civitatis mores, quos pessuma ac divorsa inter se mala, luxuria atque avaritia, vexabant.

洛：He was spurred on, also, by the corruption of the public morals, which were being ruined by two great evils of an opposite character, extravagance and avarice.

試：Moreover, the corrupted morals of citizens excited him, which the worst and mutually opposite evil, extravagance and greed, shook.

思考：

1. 從動詞的含義和性質(zhì)看，主句省略了賓語，此種情況極易導(dǎo)致誤判。

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5.9 Res (ipsa) hortari videtur, [quoniam de moribus civitatis tempus admonuit], {[supra] repetere ac [paucis] instituta (maiorum) (domi militiaeque), (quo modo rem publicam habuerint) {quantamque reliquerint}, [ut [paulatim] (inmutata) [ex pulcherruma atque optuma pessuma ac flagitiosissuma] facta sit], disserere}.

洛：Since the occasion has arisen to speak of the morals of our country, the nature of my theme seems to suggest that I go farther back and give a brief account of the institutions of our forefathers in peace and in war, how they governed the commonwealth, how great it was when they bequeathed it to us, and how by gradual changes it has ceased to be the noblest and best, and has become the worst and most vicious.

試：Since the occasion warned about the morals of citizens, the subject itself seems to encourage me, to return back and discuss our ancestors’?principles of peace and war, with a few words by which they built the country, and how great it was they left, that it was changed gradually from the most beautiful, the best, to the worst, the most shameful.

思考：

1. 主句中hortari與5.7中情況相同，省略了賓語。

2. 筆者認(rèn)為把quo...habuerint和quantamque reliquerint...當(dāng)作并列的分句來處理可能更符合英語的習(xí)慣。盡管原句中對quo modo（即instituta）的強(qiáng)調(diào)意味可能更重，但這樣翻譯可以更好地表現(xiàn)ut引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，這個結(jié)果從句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是quantam。

3. 這一整句可能是本文自開頭以來最耀眼的一句：整體層次鮮明，特別是ex pulcherruma...ac flagtitossisuma的類十字配列結(jié)構(gòu)，極大地突出了對比的戲劇性。為了迎合整句的美感翻譯有微調(diào)。

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段落大意 (5)：

路奇烏斯·喀提林生于名門，有著出眾的智力和體格，心中充滿了對權(quán)力的野心。而他所處的這個時代，這個社會，也充斥著奢侈和貪婪的不正之風(fēng)，與這個國家過往的樣貌大相徑庭。

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6.1 Urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Troiani, qui Aenea duce profugi sedibus incertis vagabantur, cumque iis Aborigines, genus hominum agreste, sine legibus, sine imperio, liberum atque solutum.

洛：The city of Rome, according to my understanding, was at the outset founded and inhabited by Trojans, who were wandering about in exile under the leadership of Aeneas and had no fixed abode; they were joined by the Aborigines, a rustic folk, without laws or government, free and unrestrained.

試：As I approved, Trojans built and held the Rome city, who wandered in exile, without fixed home, with Aeneas as leader, and Aborigines were with them, a rustic people without laws or government, free and unbound.

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6.2 Hi postquam in una moenia convenere, dispari genere, dissimili lingua, alii alio more viventes, incredibile memoratu est, quam facile coaluerint: ita brevi multitudo dispersa atque vaga concordia civitas facta erat.

洛：After these two peoples, different in race, unlike in speech and mode of life, were united within the same walls, they were merged into one with incredible facility, so quickly did harmony change a heterogeneous and roving band into a commonwealth.

試：Afterwards, these men united in one town, with unlike race, dissimilar language, some living with others of different customs, it is incredible to mention how easily they grow together then: the scattered crowd and the wandering union had become a state.

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6.3 Sed postquam res eorum civibus, moribus, agris aucta satis prospera satisque pollens videbatur, sicuti pleraque mortalium habentur, invidia ex opulentia orta est.

洛：But when this new community had grown in numbers, civilization, and territory, and was beginning to seem amply rich and amply strong, then, as is usual with mortal affairs, prosperity gave birth to envy.

試：But after the business of citizens, customs and lands seemed fairly increased, quite favourable and strong, just as the most people have, envy rose from opulence.

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6.4 Igitur reges populique finitumi bello temptare, pauci ex amicis auxilio esse; nam ceteri metu perculsi a periculis aberant.

洛：As a result, neighbouring kings and peoples made war upon them, and but few of their friends lent them aid; for the rest were smitten with fear and stood aloof from the danger.

試：Therefore, neighbouring kings and people assailed them with war, the only help was from a few of their friends; for the rest struck by fear, were away from the dangers.

思考：

1. 第一個分句中的謂語都是歷史不定式。

2. auxilio esse是整體與格，支配它的是pauci。整體與格強(qiáng)調(diào)的是屬有這一事實(shí)，翻譯嘗試用修飾詞來體現(xiàn)。

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6.5 At Romani domi militiaeque intenti festinare, parare, alius alium hortari, hostibus obviam ire, libertatem, patriam parentisque armis tegere. Post, ubi pericula virtute propulerant, sociis atque amicis auxilia portabant magisque dandis quam accipiundis beneficiis amicitias parabant.

洛：But the Romans, putting forth their whole energy at home and in the field, made all haste, got ready, encouraged one another, went to meet the foe, and defended their liberty, their country, and their parents by arms. Afterwards, when their prowess had averted the danger, they lent aid to their allies and friends, ans established friendly relations rather by conferring than by accepting favours.

試：But Romans, strained to peace and war, hastened themselves,got ready, encouraged one another, went to meet the enemies, defended liberty, country and parents by arms.Afterwards, when they had driven away dangers by courage, they brought help to allies and friends and they got friendship more by giving favours than by accepting.

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6.6 Imperium legitumum, nomen imperi regium habebant. Delecti, quibus corpus annis infirmum, ingenium sapientia validum erat, rei publicae consultabant; hi vel aetate vel curae similitudine patres appellabantur.

洛：They had a constitution founded upon law, which was in name a monarchy; a chosen few, whose bodies were enfeebled by age but whose mind were fortified with wisdom, took counsel for the welfare of the state.?These were called Fathers, by reason either of their age or of the similarity of their duties.

試：They made the dominion fixed by law, the name of kings’?dominion. The chosen ones, for whom body was weak in ages, mind was strong with wisdom, deliberated for public affair; these men were called fathers either for the age or for the likeness of concern.

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6.7 Post, ubi regium imperium, quod initio conservandae libertatis atque augendae rei publicae fuerat, in superbiam dominationemque se convortit, inmutato more annua imperia binosque imperatores sibi fecere: eo modo minume posse putabant per licentiam insolescere animum humanum.

洛：Later, when the rule of the kings, which at first had tended to preserve freedom and advance the state, had degenerated into a lawless tyranny, they altered their form of government and appointed two rulers with annual power, thinking that this device would prevent men’s minds from growing arrogant through unlimited authority.

試：Afterwards, when kings’?dominion, which had been for preserving liberty and enriching public wealth in the beginning, it made itself completely turn into haughtiness and tyranny, with customs changed, they made two rulers for themselves with yearly dominion: they thought in that way human mind could least grow insolent through uncontrolled power.

段落大意 (6)：

特洛伊人的后代與部分拉丁姆當(dāng)?shù)厝斯餐⒘肆_馬。羅馬人習(xí)慣于主動迎敵，用援助建立同盟關(guān)系。羅馬最初的統(tǒng)治體制是王政，其中有若干致力于國家事務(wù)的元老。當(dāng)王政墮落為阻礙國家的暴政時，元老們代之為一種兩位統(tǒng)治者統(tǒng)治一年的制度。

7.1 Sed ea tempestate coepere se quisque magis extollere magisque ingenium in promptu habere.

洛：Now at that time every man began to lift his head higher and to have his talents more in readiness.

試：But at that time, everyone began to raise himself up more and have his talent more in readiness.

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7.2 Nam regibus boni quam mali suspectiores sunt semperque iis aliena virtus formidulosa est.

洛：For kings hold the good in greater suspicion than wicked, and to them the merit of others is always fraught with danger;

試：For good men are more suspected than the bad for kings, and other’s excellence is always terrifying to them.

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7.3 Sed civitas incredibile memoratu est adepta libertate quantum brevi creverit; tanta cupido gloriae incesserat.

洛：still the free state, once liberty was won, waxed incredibly strong and great in a remarkably short time, such was the thirst for glory that had filled men’s minds.

試：But it is incredible to mention with liberty obtained, how great the state would grow up in a short time; such desire of glory had moved forwards.

思考：

1. 洛譯似乎將quantum理解為修飾brevi的副詞，筆者認(rèn)為也可理解為creverit的賓語？

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7.4 Iam primum iuventus, simul ac belli patiens erat, in castris per laborem usum militiae discebat magisque in decoris armis et militaribus equis quam in scortis atque conviviis lubidinem habebant.

洛：To begin with, as soon as the young men could endure the hardships of war, they were taught a soldier’s duties in camp under a vigorous discipline, and they took more pleasure in handsome arms and war horses than in harlots and revelry.

試：For the beginning, a young men, as soon as he was able to endure war, studied the military skill in camp through labour, and they had more desire in beautiful arms and war horses than in harlots and banquets.

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7.5 Igitur talibus viris non labor insolitus, non locus ullus asper aut arduus erat, non armatus hostis formidulosus: virtus omnia domuerat.

洛：To such men consequently no labour was unfamiliar, no region too rough or too steep, no armed foeman was terrible; valour was all in all.

試：Therefore to such men, no labour was unusual, not any place was rough or difficult, no armed enemy was terrifying: courage conquered everything.

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7.6 Sed gloriae maxumum certamen inter ipsos erat: se quisque hostem ferire, murum ascendere, conspici, dum tale facinus faceret, properabat. Eas divitias, eam bonam famam magnamque nobilitatem putabant. Laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant, gloriam ingentem, divitias honestas volebant.

洛：Nay, their hardest struggle for glory was with one another; each man strove to be first to strike down the foe, to scale a wall, to be seen of all while doing such a deed. This they considered riches, this fair fame and high nobility. It was praise they coveted, but they were lavish of money; their aim was unbounded renown, but only such riches as could be gained honourably.

試：But the greatest contest for glory was between each other: each one hastened to slay the enemy, climb up the wall and catch others’?attention by himself, until he made such deed done.They thought that as wealth, good fame and great nobility. With the eager for praise, they were liberal with money, wanted great glory, honourable wealth.

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7.7 Memorare possum, {quibus in locis maxumas hostium copias populus Romanus parva manu fuderit}, {quas urbis natura munitas pugnando ceperit}, [ni ea res longius nos ab incepto traheret].

洛：I might name the battlefields on which the Romans with a mere handful of men routed great armies of their adversaries, and the cities fortified by nature which they took by assault, were it not that such a theme would carry me too far from my subject.

試：I can relate in which places Roman people scattered enemy army in rout with a few men, which cities fortified by nature Roman people conquered by fighting, if not that subject could drag me away from the beginning.

思考：

1. 語法分析如上。間接話語中有2個賓語從句，它們的謂語都用虛擬式。

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段落大意 (7)：

當(dāng)時的羅馬人愿意展露自己的才能。他們熱衷于從軍打仗的榮耀，對其中的辛苦不以為意，而不想現(xiàn)在這般沉迷酒色。因此當(dāng)時的羅馬常在戰(zhàn)爭中取勝。

8.1 Sed profecto fortuna in omni re dominatur; ea res cunctas ex lubidine magis quam ex vero celebrat obscuratque.

洛：But beyond question Fortune holds sway everywhere. It is she that makes all events famous or obscure according to her caprice rather than in accordance with the truth.

試：But actually fortune is the master in everything: she made all things well-known or obscure more by he will than by truth.

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8.2 Atheniensium res gestae, sicuti ego aestumo, satis amplae magnificaeque fuere, verum aliquanto minores tamen, quam fama feruntur.

洛：The acts of the Athenians, in my judgement, were indeed great and glorious enough, but nevertheless somewhat less important than fame represents them.

試：The exploits of Athenians, just as I estimate, were great and splendid enough, in truth, however, less important to some degree than their fame asserts.

思考：

1. verum aliquanto...這一分句的謂語是fuere，而不應(yīng)是后句的feruntur。

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8.3 Sed quia provenere ibi scriptorum magna ingenia, per terrarum orbem Atheniensium facta pro maxumis celebrantur.

洛：But because Athens produced writers of exceptional talent, the exploits of the men of Athens are heralded throughout the world as unsurpassed.

試：But because the great talent of writers arose then, Athenians’?deeds were advertised as the greatest throughout the world.

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8.4 Ita eorum, qui fecere, virtus tanta habetur, quantum eam verbis potuere extollere praeclara ingenia.

洛：Thus the merit of those who did the deeds is rated as high as brilliant minds have been able to exalt the deeds themselves by words of praise.

試：Therefore, the excellence of them, who made those deeds, is kept as much as writers’?splendid talent could raise up with words.

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8.5 At populo Romano numquam ea copia fuit, quia prudentissumus quisque maxume negotiosus erat: ingenium nemo sine corpore exercebat, optumus quisque facere quam dicere, sua ab aliis benefacta laudari quam ipse aliorum narrare malebat.

洛：But the Roman people never had that advantage, since their ablest were always most engaged with affairs; their minds were never employed apart from their bodies; the best citizen preferred action to words, and thought that his own brave deeds should be lauded by others rather than that theirs should be recounted by him.

試：But for Roman people that was never plenty, because the most experienced one was as busy as possible: nobody exercised the mind without body, the best one preferred to do rather than speak, his well-done deeds to be praised by others rather than tell the same of others.

段落大意 (8)：
然而，在命運(yùn)的主宰下，記述往往不能完全如實(shí)反映歷史的原貌。希臘人的聲名不無得益于他們中優(yōu)秀的作家，而羅馬人務(wù)實(shí)的天性使他們不諳此道。