專題一? 冠詞

重難點(diǎn)分析

冠詞是一種虛詞，沒(méi)有詞義，不能單獨(dú)使用，放在名詞的前面，幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞主要分為定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞。

歷年高考試題對(duì)冠詞的考查涉及到冠詞的位置、不定冠詞、定冠詞、零冠詞及固定搭配中的冠詞等各個(gè)方面。下面我們以表格的形式對(duì)前四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行梳理總結(jié)。

一、冠詞的位置

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考點(diǎn)

示例

1

such/what/many/rather/quite ? + a(n) +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

quite a small house, such ? a little boy

2

how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容詞+a(n) +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

so nice a girl

3

both/all/half/twice/double ? + the+名詞

twice the size of the room

4

half a(n)或a half+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

half an hour / a half hour

二、不定冠詞

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示例

1

表示泛指，與any同義

A square has four sides. 正方形有四邊。

2

表示數(shù)量“一”，與one同義，但其數(shù)的概念不如one強(qiáng)烈

He will be back in a week. ? 一周后，他就會(huì)回來(lái)了。

3

表示一類人或東西，與the same同義

Bird of a feather flock ? together. 物以類聚，人以群分。

4

表示“每一個(gè)”，與every, each, ? per同義

I visit my father once a ? month. 我一個(gè)月見一次我爸爸。

5

表示“某一”，與a certain同義

A Mr. Smith is waiting to ? see you. 一位斯密斯先生在等著要見你。

6

表示“像……似的”，與like同義

He is a Lei Feng in our ? class. 他是我們班上的雷鋒。

7

用在某些物質(zhì)名詞前表示“一種、一陣、一份或一場(chǎng)”等

We had a heavy rain last ? night. 我們昨晚遇到了一場(chǎng)大雨。

8

用在某些抽象名詞前，使其具體化

You are a great help to ? your mother. 你幫了你母親一個(gè)大忙。

三、定冠詞

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示例

1

特指上文提到過(guò)的、談話雙方都清楚的、受定語(yǔ)修飾的人或物

There I met a foreigner, ? and the foreigner helped me a lot.

Do you know the man ? standing by the window?

2

用于單數(shù)名詞前，指一類事物

The lion is a wild animal.

3

用于樂(lè)器名稱前

play the violin/piano

4

用于世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前

the sun, the earth, the ? moon

5

與某些形容詞連用表示一類人

the rich, the poor, the ? young, the aged

6

用在序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)前

the first one to come to ? school, the best student in our class

7

在江河、湖海、山脈群島、海峽海岸的地名中

The Changjiang River, the ? West Lake, the English Channel

8

在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前、逢整十?dāng)?shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)前

the Browns, in the 1980s

9

在表示國(guó)家的形容詞前，泛指該國(guó)的人民

the Chinese, the English

10

用在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中

in the morning, the day ? after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year

四、零冠詞

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考點(diǎn)

示例

1

專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前

China, America, Grade One, ? Class Two, air, money, water

2

名詞前已有this, that, my, your, ? some, any等

Go down this street.

3

當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)

We are students.

I like reading stories.

4

成對(duì)名詞連用時(shí)

day after day, face to ? face

5

在球類、棋類、學(xué)科、語(yǔ)言、三餐名詞前

play basketball, play ? chess, like physics, speak English, at lunch

6

在季節(jié)、月份、星期或某些含Day的節(jié)假日等名詞前

Autumn is the best season ? in Beijing.

In May, New Year’s Day, on ? Sunday

7

在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中的名詞前

at noon, by bus, by ? telephone, in bed, in time, go to bed, go to college

五、英語(yǔ)中含有冠詞的詞組辨析

英語(yǔ)中有不少詞組，從形式看好像只有冠詞之差，而實(shí)際上卻是意義完全不同的詞組。

1. in front of 在……（外）的前面；in the front of在……（內(nèi)）的前面

There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一個(gè)花園。（外）

There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一塊黑板。（內(nèi)）

2. in charge of 掌管、負(fù)責(zé)；in the charge of 在……負(fù)責(zé)之下

An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。

The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 這個(gè)項(xiàng)目由一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工人負(fù)責(zé)。

3. at table 在進(jìn)餐、吃飯時(shí)；at the table 在桌旁

He seldom talks at table. 吃飯時(shí)他很少說(shuō)話。

They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他們坐在桌旁，邊說(shuō)邊笑。

4. by day 白天、日間；by the day 按日計(jì)

He works in an office by day. 他白天在辦公室工作。

Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清潔女工按日獲得報(bào)酬。

5. take place 發(fā)生、舉行；take the place (of) 代替、接替

When did this conversation take place? 這次談話什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行的？

Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我們國(guó)家，電力火車已經(jīng)取代了蒸汽火車。

6. in words 用語(yǔ)言；in a word 總之

Please express your thoughts in words. 請(qǐng)用言語(yǔ)表達(dá)你的想法。

In a word, I don’t trust you. 總之，我不相信你。

7. at times 有時(shí)、不時(shí)；at a time 一次

I do feel a little nervous at times. 有時(shí)我確實(shí)感到有些緊張。

Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次遞給我兩塊磚。

8. little 少、不多的；a little 一些、一點(diǎn)兒

Hurry up, there is little time left. 快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了。

Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急，你還有時(shí)間。

9. few 很少、幾乎沒(méi)有的；a few 有些、幾個(gè)

He is a man of few words. 他是一個(gè)少言寡語(yǔ)的人。

Only a few of the children can read. 只有幾個(gè)孩子會(huì)閱讀。

10. a most interesting 非常有趣的；the most interesting 最有趣的（形容詞的最高級(jí)）

This is a most interesting story. 這是一個(gè)非常有趣的故事。

This is the most interesting story of the three. 這是三個(gè)故事中最有趣的一個(gè)。

11. a doctor and nurse 一位醫(yī)生兼護(hù)士；a doctor and a nurse 一位醫(yī)生和一位護(hù)士

a doctor and nurse is standing there. 一位兼護(hù)士的醫(yī)生正站在那兒。

a doctor and a nurse are standing there. 一位醫(yī)生和一位護(hù)士正站在那兒。

12. a number of 許多、好些；the number of ……的數(shù)目（后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）

A number of students are in the classroom. 許多學(xué)生在教室里。

The number of students in the classroom is forty. 教室里有40個(gè)學(xué)生。

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空 用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空，不需要的劃“/”。

1. —hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t __________ Mr. Smith here.

2. I know you don’t like __________ music very much. But what do you think of __________ music in the film we saw yesterday?

3. —I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over __________ keyboard.

? —You shouldn’t put drinks near __________ computer.

4. Of all __________ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was __________ most important one.

5. According to __________ World Health Organization, health-care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent __________ spread of COVID-19.

6. For him __________ stage is just __________ means of making a living.

7. I think it really __________ honor for me to speak here.

8. This lab used to be in __________ charge of Mr. Wang.

9. I know there is __________ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on __________ business.

10. He devotes most of his time to __________ football. And I am sure he promises __________ excellent footballer.

11. Don’t lose heart. Please have __________ second try.

12. Those who are rich should help __________ poor.

13. In some factories workers get paid by __________ piece.

14. John is __________ university student from __________ European country.

15. Teachers play __________ active and important part in building up students’ character.

16. __________ Zhangs live on the second floor.

17. It is known to us all that __________ light travels faster than __________ sound.

18. A tower is seen in __________ distance.

19. In case of fire, please press __________ red button.

20. Shenzhen has __________ population of more than 15 million.

21. __________ days I spent with Mary in Shanghai were so wonderful.

22. My brother was born in __________ spring of 1999.

23. How sweetly she sings! I have never heard __________ better voice.

24. Beijing is __________ second largest city in China.

25. My trip to Tibet was really __________ unforgettable experience.

二、語(yǔ)篇填空 在括號(hào)中填入適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~。

There once was a king who offered ????1??? ?prize to ????2??? ?artist who would paint? ????3??? ?best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all ????4??? ?pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.

One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy (絨毛狀的) white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was ????5??? ?perfect picture of peace.

The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was ????6??? ?angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down ????7??? ?side of the mountain tumbled (翻騰) a foaming waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.

But when the king looked closely, he saw behind ????8??? ?waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush ????9??? ?mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the bush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest — in perfect peace.

The king chose ????10??? ?second picture.

三、語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

The Canada Agriculture and Food Museum has partnered with Google Arts & Culture ???1 ???(develop) “Explore a Dairy Farm”, a virtual reality (VR) exploration available through the Google Exploration app.

This virtual tour offers users private access to rarely-seen areas of the museum, which is a working farm located on a ???2 ???(nation) heritage site. Follow the museum’s herdspeople (牧民) as they complete ???3 ???(they) afternoon chores and care for the dairy herd.

Created using 3D photography, the virtual tour ???4 ???(design) to be viewed using a smartphone within a Google Cardboard viewer. The tour can also be viewed ???5 ???a smartphone or tablet — without ???6 ???(use) Google Cardboard. There ???7 ???(be) nine slides, or broad views, with each one offering between three and five ???8? ??(point) of interest.

The museum has also prepared several streams of questions that teachers can present to their students about the tour, ???9 ???are age-appropriate for different grade levels and linked to the geography. A narrated sound file is also available for users who want to take ???10 ???independent trip.

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參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空

1. a? 2. /; the? 3. the; a? 4. the; the? 5. the; the? 6. the; a? 7. an? 8. the? 9. a; /? 10. /; an? 11. a? 12. the? 13. the (by the piece 按件計(jì)算)? 14. a; a? 15. an? 16. The? 17. /; /? 18. the? 19. the? 20. a? 21. The? 22. the? 23. a? 24. the? 25. an

二、語(yǔ)篇填空?

1. a? 2. the? 3. the? 4. the? 5. a? 6. an? 7. the? 8. the? 9. a? 10. the

三、語(yǔ)法填空

本文主要介紹了加拿大農(nóng)業(yè)和食品博物館的虛擬之旅——探索奶牛場(chǎng)。

1. to develop? 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has partnered；develop應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；表示目的，用其動(dòng)詞不定式to develop。

2. national? 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞短語(yǔ)heritage site，應(yīng)用形容詞。

3. their? 考查代詞。修飾名詞afternoon chores(下午的日常事務(wù))應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。

4. is designed? 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因主語(yǔ)the virtual tour (虛擬之旅)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞design(設(shè)計(jì))之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故應(yīng)填is designed。

5. with? 考查介詞。表示“用”應(yīng)用介詞with。

6. using? 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在介詞without后應(yīng)用v-ing，故填using。

7. are? 考查主謂一致。There be遵循就近原則，nine slides是復(fù)數(shù)，且根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故用are。

8. points? 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。因受three and five修飾，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

9. which? 考查連詞。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明先行詞questions是適合不同年級(jí)水平的學(xué)生的，故填which。

10. an? 考查冠詞。在以元音音素開頭的independent前，且trip是單數(shù)，故用an。