Centromedian nucleus

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Centromedian nucleus

Details

Identifiers

Latin

nucleus centromedianus thalami

NeuroNames

323

NeuroLex?ID

birnlex_805

TA

A14.1.08.618

FMA

62165

Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

[edit on Wikidata]

In the?anatomy?of the brain, the?centromedian nucleus, also known as the?centrum medianum, (CM?or?Cm-Pf) is a part of the?intralaminar nucleus?(ILN) of the?thalamus. There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally.

In humans, it contains about 2000?neurons?per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total.[1]

Contents

·?1Input and output

·?2Function

·?3Additional images

·?4Notes and references

·?5External links

Input and output[edit]

It sends?nerve fibres?to the?subthalamic nucleus?and?putamen.

（事實(shí)上，這兩個(gè)投射的作用是相互矛盾的，大概應(yīng)該是centromedian nucleus的不同部分分別投射到subthalamic nucleus?and?putamen。畢竟有的疼痛是導(dǎo)致大量動(dòng)作的產(chǎn)生，比如皮膚上的疼痛，這種疼痛讓centromedian nucleus投射到putamen；而另一些疼痛導(dǎo)致動(dòng)作不能產(chǎn)生，比如腸壁挫傷導(dǎo)致的疼痛，這種疼痛讓centromedian nucleus投射到subthalamic nucleus，這樣的痛完之后反而有一點(diǎn)快感產(chǎn)生，這是因?yàn)閟ubthalamic nucleus直接投射到pedunculopontine nucleus。本詞條并沒(méi)有包含全部centromedian nucleus的輸出對(duì)象，同時(shí)也沒(méi)有披露所使用的遞質(zhì)種類是什么，本詞條差評(píng)。）

[2]?It receives nerve fibres from the cerebral cortex

（來(lái)自皮層的輸入，起到的作用是能通過(guò)意識(shí)（cortex）一定程度控制疼痛造成的影響，比如疼痛信息興奮centromedian nucleus后造成動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生，那么就可以通過(guò)意識(shí)來(lái)興奮centromedian nucleus來(lái)抑制動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生。）

,?vestibular nuclei

（墜落過(guò)程中的加速信息很有可能可以影響疼痛信息對(duì)centromedian nucleus的影響）

,?globus pallidus

（如果centromedian nucleus釋放的是興奮型遞質(zhì)。globus pallidus的輸入是能夠抑制centromedian nucleus，所以當(dāng)促進(jìn)行為的疼痛信息通過(guò)centromedian nucleus來(lái)興奮putamen，那么強(qiáng)烈興奮的putamen就會(huì)抑制internal globus pallidus，那么就會(huì)導(dǎo)致行為的劇烈產(chǎn)生；當(dāng)抑制行為的疼痛信息通過(guò)centromedian nucleus來(lái)興奮subthalamic nucleus，那么subthalamic nucleus就會(huì)興奮internal globus pallidus和pars reticulata，從而讓丘腦被強(qiáng)烈抑制，不產(chǎn)生行為，讓眼珠注目不動(dòng)，同時(shí)internal globus pallidus也會(huì)反過(guò)來(lái)去抑制centromedian nucleus，從而減少這種centromedian nucleus的輸出，從而減少對(duì)internal globus pallidus的興奮。）

,?superior colliculus

（難道眼球的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)也能影響centromedian nucleus的輸出？一般抑制行為的疼痛信息都是讓眼睛無(wú)法轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，那么是不是主動(dòng)讓眼球不轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，就能在疼痛到來(lái)之前先對(duì)centromedian nucleus進(jìn)行輸入，以避免疼痛真的到來(lái)時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生躲避反應(yīng)（即變成促進(jìn)行為的疼痛信息）。打針是一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的生活觀察例子，看你的眼球會(huì)不會(huì)自由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。）

,?reticular formation, and?spinothalamic tract.

Function[edit]

Its physiological role involves?attention?and?arousal, including control of the level of cortical activity.?Some frequencies of extracellular electrical stimulation of the centromedian nucleus can cause?absence seizures（看樣子這種抽搐癥狀的產(chǎn)生是由疼痛引發(fā)的。這種癥狀，人也是可以模擬，演出來(lái)，觸電時(shí)的抽搐。睡眠進(jìn)入過(guò)程中的抽搐，大概也是centromedian nucleus通過(guò)疼痛信息造成的吧。）?(temporary loss of consciousness) although electrical stimulation can be of therapeutic use in intractable?epilepsy?and?Tourette's syndrome.?General anaesthetics?specifically suppress activity in the ILN, including the centromedian nucleus（這句話的意思應(yīng)該是疼痛信息被抑制后，ILN中的核團(tuán)就不興奮，其中也包含了centromedian nucleus，這說(shuō)明包含centromedian nucleus的ILN主要接收疼痛信息的輸入。）.?Complete bilateral lesions of the centromedian nucleus can lead to states normally associated with?brain death?such as?coma, death,?persistent vegetative state, forms of?mutism?and?severe delirium. Unilateral lesions can lead to?unilateral thalamic neglect.