A day in the life of an ancient Peruvian shaman

古代秘魯薩滿生活中的一天

來源視頻

At the temple of the fisherman, ?Quexo, the village shaman,

looks out over the ocean and frowns.

It’s a still morning– unusually still,

and the lack of wind is the latest ?in a series of troubling signs.

The year is 1400?BCE.

Quexo’s village sits in the dusty, ?treeless desert

between the towering Andes ?and Pacific Ocean.

The villagers live off the sea, ?harvesting reeds,

drying them in the sun, ?and using them to build fishing boats.

在漁民的神廟里， 薩滿祭司凱克索

遠(yuǎn)眺大海，雙眉緊鎖。

這是個(gè)寂靜的早晨， 異乎尋常地寂靜，

而風(fēng)力不足是一連串 令人不安的跡象中的最新狀況。

那年是公元前 1400?年，

凱克索的村莊坐落于滿是塵土的沙漠，

介于高聳的安第斯山脈和太平洋之間。

村民們以海洋為生，收集蘆葦，

將它們曬干，并用于建造漁船。

Every day in the summer,

the men set out on these boats to hunt shark and other fish

while the women harvest ?shellfish and sea urchins.

In winter, storms bring powerful waves, which cross the vast ocean unobstructed

to detonate on these shores.

Most years, Quexo’s village catches ?more than enough fish.

But this year, the winds have died ?and the fish have dwindled.

每到夏季，

男人們天天都要坐船出海， 去捕撈鯊魚和其它魚類，

女人們則收集貝類和海膽。

到了冬季， 風(fēng)暴席卷巨浪在海面上翻涌，

沖在岸上炸出浪花。

多年以來，凱克索的村民們 能捕撈到足夠多的魚。

但是今年，風(fēng)停了，魚也少了。

Quexo has seen this pattern before:

the fish disappear, ?then the violent rains arrive,

causing flash floods that dissolve ?mud bricks and wash away settlements.

He needs to stop the bad weather ?before the storms come—

his only hope is a special ritual ?he’s been planning.

凱克索曾見過這種規(guī)律：

先是魚類消失，再是傾盆大雨，

這會(huì)導(dǎo)致洪水泛濫。 溶解泥磚，繼而沖毀整個(gè)村莊。

他需要在暴風(fēng)雨來臨前 盡快阻止這天災(zāi)的到來——

他正在準(zhǔn)備的特殊儀式 是他唯一的希望。

Quexo spends much less time in the ocean than the other villagers.

He became a shaman after seeing ?a sign in the sea one morning—

like his father and grandfather before him.

This morning,

he walks to the nearby sacred mountain ?as the sun rises.

There, he gathers ceremonial cactus ?and herbs like “horse tail,”

“stonebreaker," and valerian, ?along with the mineral hematite.

凱克索比其他村民的 下海時(shí)間少得多。

他成為一名薩滿祭司，是因?yàn)?他在某天清晨的海上看到了一種征兆——

就如同他的父親和爺爺。

這個(gè)早上，

他于日出時(shí)分爬上了圣山。

在這里，他采集到了 儀式用的仙人掌和各類草藥，

例如馬尾草，斷石草， 和纈草，還有赤鐵礦。

Back in the village, ?everyone is preparing to leave

for a religious festival ?at a large temple inland.

The festival marks the beginning of what is usually the season of abundance,

but with the signs pointing to storms, Quexo isn’t feeling too celebratory.

Whole families travel to the festival, where they camp for a few days.

They’ve packed seaweed, carved bones, gourd bowls, reed mats,

and other goods to trade ?in the market around the temple.

回到村子里，

所有人都準(zhǔn)備前往 坐落于內(nèi)陸的神廟以慶祝宗教節(jié)日。

這個(gè)節(jié)日標(biāo)志著豐收季的開始，

但是隨著風(fēng)暴的跡象， 凱克蘇并不感到喜悅。

所有家庭前往節(jié)日地點(diǎn)， 并會(huì)在那里野營(yíng)幾天。

他們?cè)缫褜⒃谏駨R周邊市場(chǎng)上 交易用的海帶、骨雕、

瓢碗，和蘆葦席等商品收拾進(jìn)行李。

Quexo inspects the goods to make ?sure everything is of the finest quality.

He brings the herbs he gathered ?to trade for cinnabar,

a mineral that comes ?from the highlands in the Andes.

He needs cinnabar for his ritual ?to ward off the storms.

凱克索仔細(xì)檢查這些商品， 確保所有商品都品質(zhì)上乘。

他要把采集到的草藥用來交換朱砂，

那是一種產(chǎn)自安第斯高原的礦物。

他需要朱砂來完成儀式， 繼而抵抗風(fēng)暴。

Around lunchtime, the sprawling ?temple rises out of the desert ahead.

People have come from all along ?the coast and the foothills.

The women handle trade transactions— they’re looking for cotton and ceramics.

Men aren’t usually allowed ?to do the trading,

but shamans are an exception.

中午時(shí)分， 神廟在沙漠盡頭漸漸浮現(xiàn)。

來自海邊和丘陵的人們都聚集在此地，

女人們正在交易—— 她們?cè)诹粜膶ふ颐藁ê吞沾伞?/p>

男性一般不允許參與買賣，

但是薩滿祭司是例外。

Though Quexo is a man, during rituals ?he becomes half man, half woman,

and this ambiguity makes his role ?more flexible outside ceremonies too.

Quexo can’t find any cinnabar ?in the market,

so he heads to the main temple,

dodging children playing in the plaza.

He puts on his ceremonial garb: ?red face paint, earrings,

and a necklace of shark’s teeth and vertebrae.

盡管凱克索是個(gè)男人， 在儀式期間他被認(rèn)為是半男半女，

這種模糊的性別使他能靈活地 出現(xiàn)于包括儀式之外的任何場(chǎng)合。

凱克索沒在集市上找到任何朱砂，

所以他決定前往主神廟，

躲過在廣場(chǎng)上嬉戲的兒童。

他換上儀式裝束： 把臉涂上紅色，并戴上耳環(huán)，

還有鯊魚牙齒和脊椎骨做成的項(xiàng)鏈。

Inside, the ceremonies ?are already underway,

and the shamans have drunk the sacred cactus drink.

Many of them are Quexo’s friends ?from festivals over the years,

but he doesn’t see the mountain shamans ?who would have cinnabar.

He begins to panic.

If the highland shamans don’t show up,

his only option will be to make ?the long walk into the mountains.

It’s a dangerous journey ?that takes five days,

precious time he doesn’t have to waste.

But perhaps he has no choice.

在神廟里，儀式正在進(jìn)行，

薩滿祭司們喝下了神圣的仙人掌汁水。

他們當(dāng)中的很多人是這幾年 凱克索在慶典中結(jié)識(shí)的朋友，

但他沒有看見擁有朱砂的 高山薩滿祭司。

他慌張起來，

如果高山薩滿祭司沒有出現(xiàn)，

長(zhǎng)途跋涉到山上拜訪 則是他唯一的選擇。

這將會(huì)是整整五天的危險(xiǎn)旅程，

他不能浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。

可是，他或許別無選擇。

He refuses the sacred cactus ?and sets off toward the mountains.

As he leaves the settlement behind, he sees a group approaching.

He recognizes them as highlanders by their llamas.

He dashes toward their shaman.

Barely pausing to say hello, ?he offers him hematite, dried seaweed,

and empty shells to grind up for lime and chew with coca leaves.

In return, the other shaman ?gives him the precious cinnabar.

With the key to his ritual in hand,

Quexo heads home to the temple ?of the fisherman

in hopes of turning the tide.

凱克索謝絕了神圣的仙人掌汁水， 即刻動(dòng)身前往山中。

在他離開他的居住地后， 他看見一群人走來。

從他們的羊駝可以認(rèn)出 他們是高地人，

凱克索隨即奔向他們的薩滿祭司，

他幾乎都沒有停下先進(jìn)行問候， 就立馬向他兜售赤鐵礦、干海帶，

以及空貝殼，可以磨成石灰粉， 或和古柯葉子一起嚼。

對(duì)方的薩滿給了他 珍貴的朱砂作為交換。

手中緊握著儀式所需的關(guān)鍵物品，

凱克索便返程回到漁民的神廟，

希望著能扭轉(zhuǎn)形勢(shì)。