今日熱詞：

故宮博物院院長(zhǎng)director and?curator of?the Palace Museum

據(jù)故宮博物院方面證實(shí)，故宮博物院院長(zhǎng)單霽翔今日退休，敦煌研究院院長(zhǎng)王旭東接任。

According to a public announcement from the Palace Museum,?director and curator?Shan Jixiang retired Monday, succeeded by the director of the Dunhuang Academy, Wang Xudong.

單霽翔生于1954年，畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院城市規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)。單霽翔歷任北京市文物局局長(zhǎng)，房山區(qū)委書記，北京市規(guī)劃委員會(huì)主任、國(guó)家文物局局長(zhǎng)。

Born in 1954, Shan majored in urban planning and graduated from Tsinghua University. Before taking his place as the head of the Palace Museum, Shan was director of the National Cultural Heritage Administration.

單霽翔接任故宮時(shí)，作為世界上規(guī)模最大的古代宮殿建筑群，故宮長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)開(kāi)放區(qū)域只占30%，186萬(wàn)余件文物藏品99%沉睡在庫(kù)房，來(lái)故宮的觀眾雖然多，但80%都是沿著中軸線參觀古建，很少能接觸到豐富多彩的文物。

During his time at the Palace Museum, the place underwent a series of innovative changes. By the end of 2018, over 80 percent of the areas in the Forbidden City opened up to public visitors, compared with only 52 percent in 2014, and merely 30 percent before that. The proportion of exhibited "royal treasures" increased from only 1 percent to the current 8 percent.

在單霽翔在任期間，故宮經(jīng)歷了一系列創(chuàng)新性變化。截至2018年，故宮開(kāi)放面積由2014年的52%和更早之前的30%都不到，達(dá)到現(xiàn)今的80%以上；展出文物占比將從原來(lái)的1%提升至8%。

消息一出，網(wǎng)友紛紛表達(dá)自己的感謝和不舍：“感謝您讓更多人愛(ài)上故宮?！?/p>

▌宮墻如舊，但故宮已有了不同的容貌

這位故宮博物院第六任院長(zhǎng)，稱自己是故宮的“看門人”（"gatekeeper"），他把紫禁城打造成了活力四射的生活館（injected new vitality into Chinese cultural heritage）。

故宮變得青春、平易近人，靜態(tài)的珍寶成了備受年輕人喜愛(ài)的網(wǎng)紅，一小件故宮文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品都能受到熱捧。

Ranging from lipsticks and paper fans to mobile phone cases and cartoon warriors, products with elements of the royal palace and its collections numbered around 10,000 at the end of 2017.

從口紅和紙扇到手機(jī)殼和卡通戰(zhàn)士，到2017年底，帶有故宮及其藏品元素的產(chǎn)品約為10000件。

談到如何設(shè)計(jì)出讓大家喜歡的故宮文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品，單霽翔介紹說(shuō)：

"We used to call them cultural products, but later we realized that the word 'creativity' need to be added into them."

“過(guò)去我們叫文化產(chǎn)品，現(xiàn)在我們知道了，中間必須加兩個(gè)字，創(chuàng)意?！?/p>

"If you want to make such products a success, my understanding is that, first, you have to offer things people need in their life. Then you dig into the cultural treasures and find ones that can combine with the things people need in their life."

“文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品要想讓人們喜歡，我的理解是，首先，你得提供大家在日常生活中常用物品。然后要充分挖掘故宮文化資源，和人們生活的需求對(duì)接起來(lái)?！?/p>

“喚醒”了沉睡的宮殿和文物之后，還要“激活”宮墻內(nèi)的春節(jié)，點(diǎn)亮紫禁城的黑夜。這是送給國(guó)內(nèi)外觀眾的驚喜大禮包。

為了讓淡季不“淡”，讓更多人走進(jìn)博物館，今年故宮舉辦了“紫禁城里過(guò)大年”的展覽。

In celebration of the most magnificent of all traditional Chinese holidays, the Palace Museum presented?“Celebrating the Spring Festival in the Forbidden City”from 6 January through 7 April 2019 in the galleries atop the Meridian Gate?(Wu men).

為了慶祝中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最隆重的節(jié)日，故宮博物院于2019年1月6日至4月7日在午門畫廊舉辦“紫禁城里過(guò)大年”展覽。

除了文物展覽，展覽的亮點(diǎn)是增加了實(shí)景體驗(yàn)。

The east side-gallery of the Palace of Heavenly Purity?(Qianqing gong)?features an immersive digital experience with virtual reality, motion capture, and other interactive technologies.

乾清宮東側(cè)展區(qū)為游客提供了很多數(shù)字體驗(yàn)活動(dòng)，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)、動(dòng)作捕捉和其他互動(dòng)科技紛紛登場(chǎng)。

單霽翔介紹展覽的火爆程度說(shuō)：“每天少則6萬(wàn)人，多則8萬(wàn)人在淡季走進(jìn)了故宮博物院，（我們）前所未有地拿出了886件文物藏品（展覽）。”

今年除夕，故宮博物院臨時(shí)接到“把中軸線亮起來(lái)”的任務(wù)，于是花了4天進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，用8天組裝，前后僅用了12天就完成了一場(chǎng)掀起全網(wǎng)熱議的“上元燈會(huì)”。

The "Lantern Festival night in the Forbidden City" is the first time in the Palace Museum's 94-year history that it will be open to the public for free at night, and the first time that the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City will be lit on a large scale at night.

“紫禁城上元之夜”是故宮94年來(lái)首次開(kāi)放夜場(chǎng)參觀，對(duì)公眾免費(fèi)，也是故宮內(nèi)部建筑首次大規(guī)模被點(diǎn)亮。

這是故宮第一次大規(guī)模夜間開(kāi)放，紫禁城第一次被真正照亮。125個(gè)國(guó)家的大使和87家外媒，在全世界范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行報(bào)道。

故宮也要“開(kāi)口”說(shuō)故事，而且是年輕人愛(ài)聽(tīng)的故事。單霽翔開(kāi)始上電視節(jié)目，例如，在爆款綜藝節(jié)目《國(guó)家寶藏》（National Treasure）上展示《千里江山圖》（A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains）、各種釉彩大瓶和秦代石鼓。

單霽翔表示，一座博物館要想向普通觀眾，尤其是年輕人，打開(kāi)塵封的歷史，解讀經(jīng)典的文化，就需要用生動(dòng)的、人們喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的“新方法”來(lái)加以表達(dá)，采取新穎的形式、生動(dòng)的語(yǔ)言、豐富的內(nèi)涵，傳遞出社會(huì)正能量。

According to Shan, the museum enjoyed a record number of 17 million visits in 2018, and the visitors were getting younger. Statistics show that those aged below 30 accounted for 40 percent of the total, and those aged 30-40, around 24 percent.

單霽翔說(shuō)，2018年故宮接待游客1700萬(wàn)次，創(chuàng)歷史之最，游客群體呈現(xiàn)年輕化趨勢(shì)。數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，30歲以下的游客占總數(shù)的40%，30-40歲的占24%。

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Notes

館長(zhǎng) curator?/kj?'re?t?r/

故宮Palace Museum?

紫禁城Forbidden City?

國(guó)家文物局 National Cultural Heritage Administration?

文化創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)品 cultural and creative products?

藏品 collections?

御花園 The Imperial Garden

午門 Meridian Gate?

太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony

養(yǎng)心殿 Hall of Mental Cultivation

乾清宮 Palace of Heavenly Purity

坤寧宮 Palace of Earthly Tranquility

角樓 Arrow towers (turrets)

齋 studio, lodge

軒 bower

樓 building, sanctuary, hall

堂 hall

館 lodge, hall

亭 pavilion

編輯：左卓 王瑜

實(shí)習(xí)編輯：陳月華

運(yùn)營(yíng)實(shí)習(xí)生：呂邁 高燕

來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào) 中國(guó)青年報(bào)