牧游社 牧有漢化翻譯

Victoria 3 - Dev Diary #54 - Trade Revisions

Wizzington, Game Director (Victoria 3)

Hello and welcome to another Victoria 3 development diary. Today is going to be a slightly different diary, as instead of bringing up a system we haven't previously covered we'll be talking about a whole bunch of changes that have happened to Trade, which was previously talked about in Dev Diary #38.

歡迎大家來瞧瞧新一期的維多利亞3每周日志。今天與之前每次日志里聊的內(nèi)容不太一樣，我們不會(huì)來介紹一個(gè)之前沒有談到過的新系統(tǒng)，而是來聊一聊在貿(mào)易Trade上的一些改動(dòng)（之前在開發(fā)日志#38里討論過）。

As is fairly common knowledge, we are constantly iterating on our systems, and even when something has been written about in a dev diary that doesn't mean we're a hundred percent happy with it or aren't looking to tweak it in some way. For Trade specifically, there were two main issues that were brought up repeatedly from internal testing and feedback, but which we hadn't had figured out the solution for yet by the time the Trade dev diary was written.

你們都懂，我們一直在不停地調(diào)試我們的系統(tǒng)，甚至一些已經(jīng)寫在日志里的內(nèi)容既不代表著我們百分百滿意，也不代表著我們一點(diǎn)也不想去調(diào)整它。特別是對(duì)于貿(mào)易來說，有兩個(gè)不停地在內(nèi)部測(cè)試和反饋中被提到的問題，但我們當(dāng)時(shí)寫那篇日志地時(shí)候還沒有想到解決辦法。

These issues were that first, managing the precise level of your trade routes was far too micro-intensive, and second, that Tariffs didn't function as an effective trade barrier. These weren't the *only* issues mind, but they were the two big ones that we needed to design some sort of solution for. Well, design and implement a solution we did, so here I am to tell you all about it.

第一個(gè)問題是，精確地管理貿(mào)易路線的等級(jí)實(shí)在是太過于微操了；第二個(gè)問題是，關(guān)稅并不能有效發(fā)揮貿(mào)易壁壘的作用。注意，這些并不是*僅有的*問題，但是這兩個(gè)是亟待解決的重要問題。不過，我們已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)裝了一個(gè)解決方案，所以接下來咱們就聊聊。

So then, what has changed about trade? Well first of all, let's go over what hasn't changed. Namely, that trade routes are still established by a nation, from their market to another market, and can be either an import route (which creates buy orders in the foreign market and sell orders in your own market) or an export route (which does the opposite). Trade Routes also still require Convoys to transport goods along sea routes, and still create Trade Centers whose employees manage and profit from those routes.

那么，貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)改了哪些內(nèi)容呢？首先我們先過一遍哪些內(nèi)容沒有改。貿(mào)易路線仍然是被國(guó)家建立，從他們的市場(chǎng)到另一個(gè)市場(chǎng)，且可以是一個(gè)進(jìn)口路線（在國(guó)外市場(chǎng)建立買單、在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)建立賣單），也可以是一個(gè)出口路線（反過來）。貿(mào)易路線仍然需要運(yùn)輸船Convoy來跨海運(yùn)輸貨物，并且仍然需要貿(mào)易中心來雇傭員工進(jìn)行管理這些路線并從中賺取利潤(rùn)。

Trade Routes are created from the Trade Lens, where you will get both a map and list overview of the most suitable markets to trade with.

貿(mào)易路線從貿(mào)易視圖中創(chuàng)建，在那里你將得到最合適的貿(mào)易市場(chǎng)的地圖和列表概覽。

As to what has changed, probably the single most important difference is that you no longer directly manage the level of your trade routes. Instead, all newly established trade routes start at level 1, and will grow (or shrink) on a weekly basis based on market conditions. So if you're playing as Britain and looking to import Wood from Brazil, instead of setting the exact level of Wood imports that makes sense for your needs right away, you simply establish the route and it will grow towards those needs over time. It's also worth noting in this context that we have removed the national limit on the number of trade routes you can have, and replaced it with a fixed bureaucracy cost per route (which does not increase with route level) instead, to encourage countries to have fewer, more impactful trade routes.

對(duì)于那些有改動(dòng)的，最重要的區(qū)別應(yīng)該是你不再能直接管理貿(mào)易路線的等級(jí)。取而代之的是，所有新建立的貿(mào)易路線都從1級(jí)開始，并且會(huì)根據(jù)市場(chǎng)情況每周升級(jí)（或降級(jí)）。所以如果你在玩大英，并且希望從巴西進(jìn)口木材，你不能立刻建立正好符合你需求的木材進(jìn)口等級(jí)，而是應(yīng)該先簡(jiǎn)單地建立一條貿(mào)易路線，其會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而慢慢增長(zhǎng)以滿足需求。同樣值得注意的是，我們移除了國(guó)家建立的貿(mào)易線路數(shù)量的限制，而是替換成了每條線路消耗一定的官僚力（其并不會(huì)隨著路線等級(jí)提升而上升），從而鼓勵(lì)國(guó)家建立更少但更關(guān)鍵的貿(mào)易路線。

So what are the market conditions that affect whether trade routes grow, shrink, or stay unchanged? Well, the single most important factor is profitability. A trade route makes money by buying goods that are cheap in the exporting market and selling them at a higher price in the importing market, but it isn’t as simple as just looking at the current market price. Instead, each trade route has a purchase price and sale price which are calculated based on the difference between the pre-trade and post-trade price of the goods in the two markets.

那么問題來了，什么市場(chǎng)情況影響貿(mào)易路線的擴(kuò)張、萎縮或是不變呢？那最重要的影響因素就是利潤(rùn)Profitability。一個(gè)貿(mào)易路線通過在出口市場(chǎng)買便宜的貨物，并在進(jìn)口市場(chǎng)以更高價(jià)賣出它們來獲取利潤(rùn)；但并不是簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單看目前的市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。每一條貿(mào)易路線有著購買價(jià)格Purchase price和出售價(jià)格Sale price，這些價(jià)格是基于兩市場(chǎng)在進(jìn)出口前后的價(jià)格差計(jì)算而得出的。

To maintain naval trade routes, you will need convoys. If your supply network is under strain due to lack of convoy production or attacks on your shipping lanes, your trade routes will start shrinking over time.

為了維持海上貿(mào)易路線，你將需要運(yùn)輸船。如果你的供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)由于缺乏運(yùn)輸船的生產(chǎn)或?qū)δ愕暮降赖墓舳幱诰o張狀態(tài)，你的貿(mào)易路線將隨著時(shí)間的推移而漸漸萎縮。

Confused yet? To try and explain, I'll use the Wood import route to Britain from Brazil as an example. To get the purchase price in the exporting (Brazilian) market, we first calculate what the price of Wood would be in that market if it had no trade routes exporting or importing wood, i.e. if it was set only from local supply and demand. Let’s make up a number and say that the pre-trade price of Wood in Brazil is 10 (quite a low price) and the post-trade price of Wood in Brazil is 20 (a very average price). To get the purchase price, we simply calculate the midpoint between these two prices, aka 15. This means that we assume that our trade route is paying, on average, ￡15 for each unit of Wood they are exporting. The same calculation is then done in the British market to get the sale price, which I'm just going to arbitrarily set at ￡25. From here on, the math should be simple enough - each unit of Wood imported to Britain from Brazil generates ￡10 in profits for the Trade Center.

蒙圈了嗎？我這里用不列顛進(jìn)口巴西木材的貿(mào)易路線作為一個(gè)例子來展示和解釋下。為了得到出口市場(chǎng)（巴西市場(chǎng)）的購買價(jià)格，我們首先計(jì)算市場(chǎng)內(nèi)如果沒有進(jìn)出口木材情況下的木材價(jià)格。也就是只在本地供需關(guān)系下的價(jià)格。我們編個(gè)數(shù)字，比如說巴西出口前的木材價(jià)格是10塊錢（很低的價(jià)格了），然后出口后的木材價(jià)格是20塊錢（很平均的價(jià)格）。為了得到購買價(jià)格，我們先計(jì)算兩個(gè)價(jià)格之間的中點(diǎn)，也就是出口每單位木材15塊錢。在不列顛市場(chǎng)也同樣算一遍從而得到出售價(jià)格，比如說是25塊錢。那么接下來的計(jì)算就很簡(jiǎn)單了——每單位木材從巴西出口到不列顛能為貿(mào)易中心產(chǎn)生10塊錢的利潤(rùn)。

There's a lot of factors that go into whether or a trade route will grow or shrink, but fortunately you don't have to know them all by heart, since the level prediction tooltip will break them down for you!

有許多因素都會(huì)使貿(mào)易路線擴(kuò)張或萎縮，好在你也不需要全部記住，因?yàn)橘Q(mào)易路線等級(jí)預(yù)測(cè)的提示欄會(huì)給你詳細(xì)解釋。

葡萄酒出口貿(mào)易路線（法國(guó)?->?俄國(guó)）
貿(mào)易路線預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)達(dá)到11級(jí)，此時(shí)效果為
預(yù)計(jì)葡萄酒貿(mào)易量：385

對(duì)于法國(guó)，需要在布列塔尼和立陶宛之間使用160運(yùn)輸船
計(jì)算關(guān)稅之后的預(yù)計(jì)收入：4.99k（每名雇員每年可獲得23.6）
對(duì)于俄羅斯市場(chǎng)中葡萄酒的預(yù)計(jì)價(jià)格影響：87.5 -> 39.0
對(duì)于法國(guó)市場(chǎng)中葡萄酒的預(yù)計(jì)價(jià)格影響：45.8 -> 63.1

貿(mào)易路線不會(huì)擴(kuò)張到12級(jí)，因?yàn)橛?jì)關(guān)稅后的合計(jì)貿(mào)易收入會(huì)降低太多
該貿(mào)易路線在當(dāng)前的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下將擴(kuò)張到11級(jí)，只要貿(mào)易中心能夠維持高數(shù)量的雇員

Well, it would be that simple if it weren’t for Tariffs. Tariffs are collected on both ends of the trade route, with the exporting market collecting Export tariffs and the importing market collecting Import tariffs. Under the new system, Tariffs can be a highly effective trade barrier because they are calculated against the base price of the goods rather than the market price. What this means is that if the Import tariff on Wood is 25%, that Import tariff is always going to be ￡5.

好吧，要是沒有關(guān)稅那就真的這么簡(jiǎn)單了。貿(mào)易路線的兩頭都會(huì)收取關(guān)稅，出口市場(chǎng)收取出口關(guān)稅，進(jìn)口市場(chǎng)收取進(jìn)口關(guān)稅。在新的系統(tǒng)下，關(guān)稅會(huì)成為非常有效的貿(mào)易壁壘，因?yàn)殛P(guān)稅會(huì)按照商品的基準(zhǔn)價(jià)格，而非市場(chǎng)價(jià)格進(jìn)行計(jì)算。這意味著如果木材的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅是25%，那么進(jìn)口關(guān)稅就永遠(yuǎn)是￡5。

If you have a degree in economics or you're just surprisingly good at following along with my overcomplicated explanations, you may already have picked up on the reason that setting against the base price makes Tariffs a more effective trade barrier. Namely, that it disproportionately affects high-volume, low-revenue-per-unit routes. For our example Wood route above, a tariff of ￡5 means a full 50% reduction in profits, and as the route grows and the difference between the purchase and sale price shrinks, tariffs will take away more and more of that profit until it's simply more profitable for the Pops in the Trade Center to stop growing the trade route level, and indeed may end up reducing the level in order to make more money for themselves.

如果你有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)位，或者你看到這兒都覺得我這個(gè)過于復(fù)雜的解釋完全沒有問題，你大概已經(jīng)明白為什么按照基準(zhǔn)價(jià)格設(shè)定關(guān)稅會(huì)是更有效的貿(mào)易壁壘了。這意味著關(guān)稅對(duì)于大宗低單位利潤(rùn)路線有不成比例的效果。比如我們上邊提到的木材貿(mào)易路線的案例，￡5的關(guān)稅意味著利潤(rùn)會(huì)降低50%，隨著貿(mào)易路線擴(kuò)張以及買入和賣出價(jià)格之間的差距的縮小，關(guān)稅會(huì)拿走越來越多的利潤(rùn)，直到貿(mào)易中心里的Pop覺得不再擴(kuò)張貿(mào)易路線更加有利可圖，當(dāng)然只要他們能賺錢，關(guān)稅也有可能導(dǎo)致等級(jí)降低。

It's worth noting that Trade Routes can never shrink below level 1, and so will always trade a small number of goods even if doing so at a loss, so that for instance you can always import a small quantity of weapons or ships needed to kickstart your military or merchant marine - assuming that you’re willing to subsidize the Trade Center if it doesn't have other, more profitable routes to make up for the losses.

需要注意的是貿(mào)易路線不會(huì)萎縮到1級(jí)以下，因此哪怕虧錢，也能貿(mào)易一小部分商品，比方說你總是可以進(jìn)口少量武器或艦船來啟動(dòng)你的軍隊(duì)或者商船隊(duì)——前提是，如果貿(mào)易中心沒有其他更加有利可圖的路線來彌補(bǔ)損失的話，你愿意對(duì)貿(mào)易中心進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼。

So then, is creating trade routes and letting them do their own thing the only way you interact with trade now? Well, no. Since we've taken away the need to adjust routes manually, this means that we can now put emphasis on other, more indirect ways to manipulate the flow of goods between markets. These include strengthening Trade Agreements (which now remove both bureaucracy cost and tariffs from all trade routes between the two countries) and adding the ability to place Embargoes on countries you want to keep out of your market.

那么，創(chuàng)建貿(mào)易路線并讓它們自生自滅現(xiàn)在就是你能和貿(mào)易互動(dòng)的唯一方式了嗎？當(dāng)然不是了。因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)不再需要手動(dòng)調(diào)整貿(mào)易路線了，這意味著我們可以將重心轉(zhuǎn)移到其他更加間接的控制市場(chǎng)之間貨物流動(dòng)方式。這些方式包括加強(qiáng)貿(mào)易協(xié)定（現(xiàn)在可以移除兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間所有貿(mào)易路線的官僚力花費(fèi)和關(guān)稅）和增加對(duì)你想排除出你的市場(chǎng)的國(guó)家進(jìn)行禁運(yùn)的能力。

Mexico decides that it has had enough of American meddling in their market - it's Embargo time!

墨西哥已經(jīng)受夠了美國(guó)佬在亂他們的市場(chǎng)里亂搞——禁運(yùn)時(shí)間！

禁運(yùn)
由一個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)起，以另一個(gè)國(guó)家為目標(biāo)的外交協(xié)定，該協(xié)定會(huì)徹底阻止目標(biāo)國(guó)家從發(fā)起國(guó)家的市場(chǎng)進(jìn)口或出口商品。處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的國(guó)家會(huì)自動(dòng)實(shí)行禁運(yùn)。
會(huì)對(duì)美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)進(jìn)行禁運(yùn)。
生效后：墨西哥和美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的關(guān)系下降20

However, probably the single most important tool we've added for controlling trade is Market Good Policies. There are 3 such policies, which you can set separately for each individual good in your market:

不過，我們加入的最重要的控制貿(mào)易的工具，或許是市場(chǎng)商品政策M(jìn)arket Good Policies。有三個(gè)這樣的政策，你可以對(duì)你的市場(chǎng)中的每一種商品分別進(jìn)行設(shè)置。

-?Protect Domestic Supply:?This market good policy removes import tariffs and increases export tariffs, encouraging countries to supply more of this good to your market and discourages them from exporting it away from you, which might be useful if you for instance want to keep the price of Clippers low so that you'll pay less to maintain your ports.
-?保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)供應(yīng)：該市場(chǎng)商品政策會(huì)移除進(jìn)口關(guān)稅并增加出口關(guān)稅，鼓勵(lì)其他國(guó)家將該商品更多的供應(yīng)到你的市場(chǎng)上，而非出口到你的市場(chǎng)外。比如，如果你想讓快速帆船的價(jià)格降下來，從而降低港口所需的維護(hù)費(fèi)，這可能會(huì)非常有用。

-?Encourage Exports:?As the name pretty much explicitly states, this market good policy removes export tariffs and increases import tariffs, which is highly useful if you for instance want to drive up the price of Furniture so that your Furniture Industries will see increased profits.
-?鼓勵(lì)出口：正如名字里說的一樣，該市場(chǎng)商品政策會(huì)移除出口關(guān)稅并增加進(jìn)口關(guān)稅。比如，如果你想讓家具價(jià)格上漲，從而使你的家具工業(yè)獲得額外利潤(rùn)的話，這會(huì)非常有用。

-?No Priority:?This is the default market good policy, which sets both Import and Export Tariffs at the baseline determined by your Trade laws. To give you a couple examples of what this baseline could be, under Mercantilism you have overall lower export tariffs and higher import tariffs, while Free Trade removes all tariffs altogether.
-?沒有優(yōu)先：這是默認(rèn)的市場(chǎng)商品政策，會(huì)將進(jìn)口關(guān)稅和出口關(guān)稅都設(shè)定為你的貿(mào)易法律的基準(zhǔn)水平。至于基準(zhǔn)水平是什么，可以參考一些案例，比如重商主義會(huì)讓你整體上有較低的出口關(guān)稅和較高的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，而自由貿(mào)易會(huì)移除所有關(guān)稅。

Well, that's about all there is to say about the changes to Trade. Overall, we're quite happy with the changes we've made and how much better it feels to play with compared to the old 100% manual system. Join us again next week, where I will cover Achievements!

這就是所有關(guān)于貿(mào)易改動(dòng)能說的東西了?？偟膩碚f，我們對(duì)于這些改動(dòng)非常滿意，相比以前的100%手動(dòng)系統(tǒng)來說游玩體驗(yàn)也好很多。下周再來看看吧，到時(shí)候我來說說成就Achievements！

翻譯：沒有V3正式版玩我要死了 AntiAccess

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