拉丁語翻譯筆記 喀提林陰謀(13)
背景、符號標(biāo)記等見序言
49.1 Sed isdem temporibus Q. Catulus et C. Piso neque precibus neque gratia neque pretio Ciceronem inpellere potuere, uti per Allobroges aut alium indicem C. Caesar falso nominaretur.
洛：But at that very time Quintus Catulus and Gaius Piso tried in vain by entreaties, influence, and bribes to induce Cicero to have a false accusation brought against Gaius Caesar, either through the Allobroges or some other witness.
試：But at that same time Quintus Catullus and Gaius Piso could not impel Cicero by prayer, friendship or bribe, so that Gaius Caesar would be falsely named through Allobroges or other informer.
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49.2 Nam uterque cum illo gravis inimicitias exercebat: Piso oppugnatus in iudicio pecuniarum repetundarum propter cuiusdam Transpadani supplicium iniustum, Catulus [ex petitione pontificatus] [odio] (incensus), [quod [extrema aetate], (maxumis honoribus usus), [ab adulescentulo Caesare] (victus) discesserat].
洛：For both these men were bitter personal enemies of Caesar, Piso because when he was on trial for extortion Caesar had charged him with unjustly executing a native of Transpadine Gaul, while the hatred of Catulus arose from his candidacy for the pontificate, because after he had attained to a ripe old age and had held the highest offices, he had been defeated by Caesar, who was by comparison a mere youth.
試：For they both trained heavy enmities with that man: Piso was attacked in the court of extortion because of the unjust punishment of a certain Transpadine man, Catullus, from the candidature of the office of pontifex, burned with hatred, because with his utmost age, having enjoyed the greatest honour, he had come off, defeated by the young man Caesar.
思考：
1. pecuniae repetundae是固定搭配。
2. adulescentulo是Caesar的同位語。
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49.3 Res autem opportuna videbatur, quod is privatim egregia liberalitate, publice maxumis muneribus grandem pecuniam debebat.
洛：Moreover, the opportunity for an attack upon Caesar seemed favourable, because he was heavily in debt, on account of his eminent generosity in private life and lavish entertainments when in office.
試：However, this thing seemed to be opportunity, because he, with privately extinguished generosity and greatest public functions, owed large money.
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49.4 Sed ubi consulem ad tantum facinus inpellere nequeunt, ipsi singillatim circumeundo atque ementiundo, quae se ex Volturcio aut Allobrogibus audisse dicerent, magnam illi invidiam conflaverant usque eo, ut nonnulli equites Romani, qui praesidi causa cum telis erant circum aedem Concordiae, seu periculi magnitudine seu animi mobilitate inpulsi, quo studium suum in rem publicam clarius esset, egredienti ex senatu Caesari gladio minitarentur.
洛：But when they could not persuade the consul to such an outrageous step, they took the matter into their own hands, and by circulating falsehoods which they pretended to have heard from Volturcius or the Allobroges, stirred up such hostility to Caesar that some Roman knights, who were stationed as an armed guard about the temple of Concord, carried away either by the greatness of the danger or by their own excitability, drew their swords upon Caesar as he was leaving the senate, in order to make their loyalty to their country more conspicuous.
試：But when they were unable to impel the consul to such deed, they, by singly going about and fabricating the things that they said they had heard from Volturcius of Allobroges, kindled great odium to Caesar continuously in this way, that some Roman knights, who were around the chapel of Concordia with weapons in the cause of defence, either pushed by greatness of danger or quickness of mind, threatened Caesar who coming out from the senate with sword, so that their devotion to the state would be more clear.
思考：
1. 動名詞circumeundo不及物，主語應(yīng)是“各自”（ipsi singillatim，實際上為單數(shù)），奪格表手段（（以）各自到四處活動（的方式））。ementiundo的主語與之相同，但筆者認(rèn)為它在此處及物，且省略了支配的名詞，這個名詞被之后的關(guān)系從句所暗示。洛譯的處理較為模糊，筆者也不太贊成“circulating falsehoods”這樣的表述，因為這兩個動名詞自身的含義與特性不支持它們支配同一個名詞，如果理解為彼此修飾則過于復(fù)雜，不如分開理解。
2. quae...dicerent應(yīng)該是特征關(guān)系從句。筆者不認(rèn)為它有表示目的或結(jié)果的含義。洛譯把虛擬語氣用pretended處理，不知出于何種考慮。特征關(guān)系從句的表達(dá)應(yīng)該是“所有那些他們聲稱......的”。
3. ut nonnulli...是結(jié)果從句，其中嵌套了關(guān)系從句quo studium...
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段落大意 (49)：
但在此時，凱撒的仇敵克溫圖斯·卡圖路斯和蓋烏斯·皮索并沒能誘使西塞羅做出對凱撒的虛假指控。他們便散布謠言，以至于一些騎士拔劍威脅從元老院走出來的凱撒，以表明他們對國家的忠誠。
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50.1 Dum haec in senatu aguntur et dum legatis Allobrogum et T. Volturcio conprobato eorum indicio praemia decernuntur, liberti et pauci ex clientibus Lentuli divorsis itineribus opifices atque servitia in vicis ad eum eripiundum sollicitabant, partim exquirebant duces multitudinum, qui pretio rem publicam vexare soliti erant.
洛：While all this was going on in the senate, and rewards were being voted to the envoys of the Allobroges and to Titus Volturcius, when their information had been verified, the freedmen of Lentulus and a few of his dependants were scouring the streets and trying to rouse the artisans and slaves to rescue him, while others were seeking out the leaders of bands who were wont to cause public disturbances for hire.
試：When these things were discussed in the senate and when, with the deputies of Allobroges and Tullius Volturcius confirmed, the rewards were decided to their indication, the freemen and some from the clients of Lentulus in different roads, incited artisans and slaves in quarters to rescue him, part of them sought for leaders of the crowds, who were accustomed to trouble the state with a price.
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50.2 Cethegus autem per nuntios familiam atque libertos suos, lectos et exercitatos, orabat, ut grege facto cum telis ad sese inrumperent.
洛：Cethegus, also, was sending messengers to his slaves and freedmen,a picked and trained body of men, entreating them to take a bold step, get their band together, and force their way to him with arms.
試：Cethegus, also through familiar messengers and his excellent and experienced freedman, begged that they rushed to him with weapons when the company assembled.
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50.3 Consul ubi ea parari cognovit, dispositis praesidiis, ut res atque tempus monebat, convocato senatu refert, quid de iis fieri placeat, qui in custodiam traditi erant. Sed eos paulo ante frequens senatus iudicaverat contra rem publicam fecisse.
洛：When the consul learned of these designs, stationing guards as the time and circumstances demanded and convoking the senate, he put the question what should be done with the men who had been delivered into custody, the senate having shortly before this in a full meeting resolved that they were guilty of treason to their country.
試：The consul, when he realized that those things were prepared, with guards arranged, as he warned the situation and time, he brought back to the convoked senate, what would be pleasing to be made about those, who had been delivered to guards. But a little before he had decided in front of the crowd of the senate that they had made against the state.
思考：
1. 筆者認(rèn)為quid de...是受refert支配的間接疑問句？洛譯的處理似乎是認(rèn)為這個間接疑問句另有謂語動詞，此動詞省略。
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50.4 Tum D. Iunius Silanus primus sententiam rogatus, quod eo tempore consul designatus erat, de iis, qui in custodiis tenebantur, et praeterea de L. Cassio, P. Furio, P. Umbreno, Q. Annio, si deprehensi forent, supplicium sumundum decreverat; isque postea permotus oratione C. Caesaris pedibus in sententiam Ti. Neronis iturum se dixit, qui de ea re praesidiis additis referundum censuerat.
洛：On the present occasion Decimus Junius Silanus, who was consul-elect, and hence the first to be called upon for his opinion regarding those who were held in custody, as well as about Lucius Cassius, Publius Furius, Publius Umbrenus, and Titus Annius in case they should be caught, had recommended that they be put to death; later, profoundly influenced by the speech of Gaius Caesar, he said that, when a division was called for,I he would give his vote for the proposal of Tiberius Nero, who had advised merely that the guards be increased and the question reopened.
試：Then, Decimus Iunius Silanus was first asked of opinion, because at that time he was elected as consul, about those who were kept in guards, and besides about Lucius Cassius, Publius Furius, Publius Umbrenus, Quintus Annius, if they had been arrested, he had decided taking execution; and he, afterwards influenced by oration of Gaius Caesar, said he would go to the opinion of Tiberius Nero, who had voted that, about that thing with defence added the question should be resumed.
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50.5 Sed Caesar, ubi ad eum ventum est, rogatus sententiam a consule huiusce modi verba locutus est:
洛：But Caesar, when his turn came and the consul asked him for his opinion, spoke in the following terms:
試：But Caesar, when it came to him that he was asked for opinion by the consul, he said words of this way:
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段落大意 (50)：
當(dāng)元老院討論關(guān)于告發(fā)者的獎賞時，朗圖路斯和凱提古斯的手下在四處招攬人手，打算用武力強(qiáng)行救出共謀者們。執(zhí)政官得知此事后，一方面加強(qiáng)防御，一方面重新提出如何處置共謀者的問題。當(dāng)選的執(zhí)政官西拉努斯起初打算處死他們。而凱撒的如下演講影響了他。
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51.1 "Omnis homines, patres conscripti, qui de rebus dubiis consultant, ab odio, amicitia, ira atque misericordia vacuos esse decet.
洛："Fathers of the Senate, all men who deliberate upon difficult questions ought to be free from hatred and friendship, anger and pity.
試：“All men, fathers of families and the newly elected, who consider about the doubtful things, it is seemly that they are free from hatred, friendship, wrath and sympathy.
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51.2 Haud facile animus verum providet, ubi illa officiunt, neque quisquam omnium lubidini simul et usui paruit.
洛：When these feelings stand in the way the mind cannot easily discern the truth, and no mortal man has ever served at the same time his passions and his best interests.
試：A soul by no means easily foresee the truth, when those things get in the way, nor anyone of all obey desire and profit at once.
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51.3 Ubi intenderis ingenium, valet; si lubido possidet, ea dominatur, animus nihil valet.
洛：When you apply your intellect, it prevails; if passion possesses you, it holds sway, and the mind is impotent.
試：When you exert your character, it is well; if desire possesses you, holds the dominion, the mind is nothing strong.
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51.4 Magna mihi copia est memorandi, patres conscripti, quae reges atque populi ira aut misericordia inpulsi male consuluerint. Sed ea malo dicere, quae maiores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere.
洛：I might mention many occasions, Fathers of the Senate, when kings and peoples under the influence of wrath or pity have made errors of judgment; but I prefer to remind you of times when our forefathers, resisting the dictates of passion, have acted justly and in order.
試：To me, there is great plenty of relating, fathers and the newly elected, what the kings and peoples, pushed by wrath and sympathy have wrongly decided. But I preferred to say those, which our ancestors, against the desire of their mind, made properly and with order.
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51.5 Bello Macedonico, quod cum rege Perse gessimus, Rhodiorum civitas magna atque magnifica, quae populi Romani opibus creverat, infida et advorsa nobis fuit. Sed postquam bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est, maiores nostri, ne quis divitiarum magis quam iniuriae causa bellum inceptum diceret, inpunitos eos dimisere.
洛：In the Macedonian war, which we waged with king Perses, the great and glorious community of the Rhodians, which owed its growth to the support of the Roman people, was unfaithful to us and hostile. But after the war was over and the question of the Rhodians was under discussion, our ancestors let them go unpunished for fear that someone might say that the wealth of the Rhodians, rather than resentment for the wrong they had done, had led to the declaration of war.
試：In Macedonian war, which we waged with king Perseus, the great and magnificent city of Rhodes, which had grown for the power of Roman people, became faithless and against us. But after it was decided about Rhodes with the war completed, our ancestors dismissed those unpunished, so that someone would not say the war was taken up more with the reason of wealth than of injustice.
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51.6 Item bellis Punicis omnibus, cum saepe Carthaginienses et in pace et per indutias multa nefaria facinora fecissent, numquam ipsi per occasionem talia fecere: magis, quid se dignum foret, quam quid in illos iure fieri posset, quaerebant.
洛：So, too, in all the Punic wars, although the Carthaginians both in time of peace and in the course of truces had often done many abominable deeds, the Romans never retaliated when they had the opportunity, but they inquired rather what conduct would be consistent with their dignity than how far the law would allow them to go in taking vengeance on their enemies.
試：Also in all Punic wars, when Carthaginians often made many impious deeds in peace and through truce, they never act for the opportunity: they more sought what would be proper with themselves, than what was able to be done to those men with law.
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51.7 Hoc item vobis providendum est, patres conscripti, ne [plus] [apud vos] valeat (P. Lentuli et ceterorum) scelus quam vostra dignitas neu [magis] irae (vostrae) quam famae consulatis.
洛：You likewise, Fathers of the Senate, must beware of letting the guilt of Publius Lentulus and the rest have more weight with you than your own dignity, and of taking more thought for your anger than for your good name.
試：You should foresee this, fathers and the newly elected, in the presence of you, the crime of Publius Lentulus and others should not be more powerful than your honour, and you should not think more of your wrath than of your fame.
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51.8 Nam si digna poena pro factis eorum reperitur, novum consilium adprobo; sin magnitudo sceleris omnium ingenia exsuperat, his utendum censeo, quae legibus conparata sunt.
洛：If a punishment commensurate with their crimes can be found, I favour a departure from precedent; but if the enormity of their guilt surpasses all men’s imagination, I should advise limiting ourselves to such penalties as the law has established.
試：For if the deserved punishment according to their deeds is found, I approve the new plan; but if the greatness exceeds the characters of all crimes, I vote using these ways, which have been prepared by laws.
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51.9 "Plerique eorum, qui ante me sententias dixerunt, conposite atque magnifice casum rei publicae miserati sunt. Quae belli saevitia esset, quae victis acciderent, enumeravere: rapi virgines, pueros, divelli liberos a parentum complexu, matres familiarum pati, quae victoribus conlubuissent, fana atque domos spoliari, caedem, incendia fieri, postremo armis, cadaveribus, cruore atque luctu omnia conpleri.
洛："The greater number of those who have expressed their opinions before me have deplored the lot of the commonwealth in finished and noble phrases; they have dwelt upon the horrors of war, the wretched fate of the conquered, the rape of maidens and boys, children torn from their parents' arms, matrons subjected to the will of the victors, temples and homes pillaged, bloodshed and fire; in short, arms and corpses everywhere, gore and grief.
試：Most of them, who have said opinion before me, have quite orderly and splendidly lamented the cause of state. They related what was the ferocity of war, what fall upon the conquered: young women, boys were raped, children were torn away from the embrace of parents, mothers of families suffered, who were agreeable to the victors, temples and houses were robbed, murder, fire was made, at last all things were filled up with weapons and corpses, blood and sorrow.
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51.10 Sed per deos inmortalis, quo illa oratio pertinuit? An uti vos infestos coniurationi faceret? Scilicet, quem res tanta et tam atrox non permovit, eum oratio accendet.
洛：But, O ye immortal gods what was the purpose of such speeches? Was it to make you detest the conspiracy? You think that a man who has not been affected by a crime so monstrous and so cruel will be fired a speech!
試：But by the immortal gods, what did that oration concerned with? Or did it makes you threatening to the conspiracy? Of course, the oration set he on fire, whom such great and horrible thing did not affect.
思考：
1. Scilicet...accendet一句是反語。
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51.11 Non ita est neque cuiquam mortalium iniuriae suae parvae videntur; multi eas gravius aequo habuere.
洛：Nay, not so; no mortal man thinks his own wrongs unimportant; many, indeed, are wont to resent them more than is right.
試：There is no such thing nor to any of humans his own injustices seemed little; many think great those more seriously than the equal.
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51.12 Sed alia aliis licentia est, patres conscripti. Qui demissi in obscuro vitam habent, si quid iracundia deliquere, pauci sciunt: fama atque fortuna eorum pares sunt; qui magno imperio praediti in excelso aetatem agunt, eorum facta cuncti mortales novere.
洛：But not all men, Fathers of the Senate, are allowed the same freedom of action. If the humble, who pass their lives in obscurity, commit any offence through anger, it is known to few; their fame and fortune are alike. But the actions of those who hold great power, and pass their lives in a lofty station, are known to all the world.
試：But that freedom is not to others, fathers and the newly elected. Those forsaken, live their life in obscurity, if they have offended what for rage, a few people know; their fame and fortune are equal; who endowed with great dominion spend their age in a height, all humans have known their deeds.
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51.13 Ita in maxuma fortuna minuma licentia est; neque studere neque odisse, sed minume irasci decet;
洛：So it comes to pass that in the highest position there is the least freedom of action. There neither partiality nor dislike is in place, and anger least of all;
試：Therefore in the greatest fortune the freedom is the least; it is neither proper to love nor to hate, but also by no means to grow angry;
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51.14 quae apud alios iracundia dicitur, ea in imperio superbia atque crudelitas appellatur.
洛：for what in others is called wrath, this in a ruler is termed insolence and cruelty.
試：what is said irascibility among others, that is called haughtiness and cruelty in dominion.
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51.15 Equidem ego sic existumo, patres conscripti, omnis cruciatus minores quam facinora illorum esse. Sed plerique mortales postrema meminere et in hominibus inpiis (sceleris eorum obliti) de poena disserunt, si ea paulo severior fuit.
洛："For my own part, Fathers of the Senate, I consider no tortures sufficient for the crimes of these men; but most mortals remember only that which happens last, and in the case of godless men forget their guilt and descant upon the punishment they have received, if it is a little more severe than common.
試：For my part, I thus estimated, fathers and the newly elected, all tortures are less than their crimes. But most men remember the last things and to the impious men, they discuss about the punishment, forgetting of their crime, if that has been a little more strict.
思考：
1. obliti支配屬格sceleris。
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51.16 "D. Silanum, virum fortem atque strenuum, certo scio, {{quae dixerit}, studio rei publicae dixisse} {neque illum in tanta re gratiam aut inimicitias exercere}: eos mores eamque modestiam viri cognovi.
洛：I have no doubt that Decimus Silanus, a gallant and brave man, was led by patriotism to say what he did say, and that in a matter of such moment he showed neither favour nor enmity; so well do I know the man's character and moderation.
試：“Decimus Silanus, a strong and active man, as I know with certainty, said those he had said for the love of the state, nor he exercised favour or enmities in such great thing: I have realized those customs and that moderation of this man.
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51.17 Verum sententia eius mihi non crudelis – quid enim in talis homines crudele fieri potest? – sed aliena a re publica nostra videtur.
洛：Yet his proposal seems to me,I will not say cruel (for what could be cruel in the case of such men ?) but foreign to the customs of our country.
試：In fact his opinion doesn’t seemed cruel to me - what indeed can be cruelly done to such men? - but alien to our state.
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51.18 Nam profecto aut metus aut iniuria te subegit, Silane, consulem designatum genus poenae novum decernere.
洛：For surely, Silanus, it was either fear or the gravity of the offence which impelled you,a consul elect, to favour a novel form of punishment.
試：For actually either fear or injustice has subdued that you, Silanus, a elected consul decided a new kind of punishment.
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51.19 De timore supervacaneum est disserere, cum praesertim diligentia clarissumi viri consulis tanta praesidia sint in armis.
洛：As regards fear it is needless to speak, especially since, thanks to the precautions of our distinguished consul, we have such strong guards under arms.
試：It is superfluous to discuss about fear, since especially with carefulness of the most distinguished men, our consul, there are such great escorts under arms.
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51.20 [De poena] possum [equidem] dicere, {id (quod res habet, in luctu atque miseriis mortem aerumnarum requiem), <non cruciatum> esse}; eam cuncta mortalium mala dissolvere; ultra neque curae neque gaudio locum esse.
洛：So far as the penalty is concerned,I can say with truth that amid grief and wretchedness death is a relief from woes, not a punishment; that it puts an end to all mortal ills and leaves no room either for sorrow or for joy.
試：I can indeed talk about the punishment, that it, because the fact holds that in sorrow and miseries death is a relief of distresses, is not torture; that it frees all people from evil; besides, is a place of no worry or joy.
試（中）：關(guān)于懲罰我確實可以說：因為事實表明，在悲哀與不幸中，死亡是對痛苦的解脫，（那么）它不是折磨，它把所有人從罪惡中解放，它是一個不存在憂愁與快樂的地方。
思考：
1. quod res...是否可能為定語從句？
2. in luctu...requiem顯然是一個獨(dú)立于id...esse的間接話語，那么它從屬于哪個主句？此處存疑。筆者將之當(dāng)作quod res引出的部分處理，可能顯得繁瑣。
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51.21 Sed, per deos inmortalis, quam ob rem in sententiam non addidisti, uti prius verberibus in eos animadvorteretur?
洛："But, by the immortal gods! why did you not, Silanus, add the recommendation that they first be scourged?
試：But, by the immortal gods, for what reason did you not add to your opinion, that with scourging before, to them it should be punished with death?
思考：
1. 商務(wù)印書館譯本漏譯了“non”。
2. animadvorteretur是單數(shù)，其主語為何？可能指“（他們的）罪行”？
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51.22 An quia lex Porcia vetat? At aliae leges item condemnatis civibus non animam eripi, sed exsilium permitti iubent. An quia gravius est verberari quam necari?
洛：Was it because the Porcian law forbids? Yes, but there are other laws too which provide that Roman citizens, even when found guilty, shall not lose their lives, but shall be permitted to go into exile. Was it because it is more grievous to be scourged than to be killed?
試：Or because Porcius law forbids it? But other laws also orders that to the condemned citizens life is not torn away, but exile is permitted. Or because to be scourged is severer than to be killed?
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51.23 Quid autem acerbum aut nimis grave est in homines tanti facinoris convictos?
洛：But what punishment is rigorous or too grievous for men convicted of so great a crime?
試：However what is harsh or too severe to men who convicted of such great crime?
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51.24 Sin, quia levius est, qui convenit in minore negotio legem timere, cum eam in maiore neglegeris?
洛：If, however, it was because scourging is the lighter punishment, what consistency is there in respecting the law in the lesser point when you have disregarded it in the greater?
試：But if, because it is lighter, someone agrees to fear the law in smaller matter, when you neglect that in greater matter?
思考：
1. 凱撒從法律的邏輯角度論證處死共謀者并不合理。
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51.25 "At enim quis reprehendet, quod in parricidas rei publicae decretum erit? Tempus, dies, fortuna, cuius lubido gentibus moderatur. Illis merito accidet, quicquid evenerit;
洛：But, you may say, who will complain of a decree which is passed against traitors to their country Time, I answer, the lapse of years, and Fortune, whose caprice rules the nations. Whatever befalls these prisoners will be well deserved;
試：“But who indeed holds back what will be decided to the murderers of our state? Time, day, fortune, of which desire restrains countries. Whatever falls upon those deservedly will comes;
思考：
1. Tempus...moderatur是回答前一句的短語，不是完整的句子。
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51.26 ceterum vos patres conscripti, quid in alios statuatis, considerate!
洛：but you, Fathers of the Senate, are called upon to consider how your action will affect other criminals.
試：for the rest, you, fathers and the newly elected, consider what you set up to others!
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51.27 Omnia mala exempla ex rebus bonis orta sunt. Sed ubi imperium ad ignaros eius aut minus bonos pervenit, novum illud exemplum ab dignis et idoneis ad indignos et non idoneos transfertur.
洛：All bad precedents have originated in cases which were good; but when the control of the government falls into the hands of men who are incompetent or bad, your new precedent is transferred from those who well deserve and merit such punishment to the undeserving and blameless.
試：All bad examples have risen from good things. But when dominion come to men who ignorant of it or less good, that new examples is transferred from the deserved and suitable to the undeserved and unsuitable.
思考：
1. novum illud exemplum指對共謀者的新懲罰。這段話大概表達(dá)：好的事件也會變成壞的先例。因此好的法律應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)得起時間的檢驗，即使壞人掌權(quán)也難以利用它，但如果這次為了懲罰共謀者，將法律改得“情緒化”，就為日后埋下了隱患。
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51.28 Lacedaemonii devictis Atheniensibus triginta viros inposuere, qui rem publicam eorum tractarent.
洛："The Lacedaemonians, after they had conquered the Athenians, set over them thirty men to carry on their government.
試：Lacedaemonians put thirty men upon the subdued Athenians, who would manage their state.
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51.29 Ii primo coepere pessumum quemque et omnibus invisum indemnatum necare: ea populus laetari et merito dicere fieri.
洛：These men began at first by putting to death without atrial the most wicked and generally hated citizens, whereat the people rejoiced greatly and declared that it was well done.
試：At first they began to kill someone worst and the envied to all people uncondemned: those people rejoiced and became to say deservedly.
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51.30 Post, ubi paulatim licentia crevit, iuxta bonos et malos lubidinose interficere, ceteros metu terrere:
洛：But afterwards their licence gradually increased, and the tyrants slew good and bad alike at pleasure and intimidated the rest.
試：Afterwards, when the uncontrolled power gradually increased, to kill good men as well as the bad arbitrarily, to terrify the rest with fear:
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51.31 ita civitas servitute oppressa stultae laetitiae gravis poenas dedit.
洛：Thus the nation was reduced to slavery and had to pay a heavy penalty for its foolish rejoicing.
試：thus the city, oppressed by slavery, paid heavy penalties of the stupid gladness.
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51.32 Nostra memoria victor Sulla cum Damasippum et alios eius modi, qui malo rei publicae creverant, iugulari iussit, quis non factum eius laudabat? Homines scelestos et factiosos, qui seditionibus rem publicam exagitaverant, merito necatos aiebant.
洛：Within our own memory, when the conqueror Sulla ordered the execution of Damasippus and others of that kind, who had become prominent at the expense of the state, who did not commend his action? All declared that those criminal intriguers, who had vexed the country with their civil strife, deserved their fate.
試：With our memory, when victor Sulla ordered that Damasippus and others of his way, who had grown for the misery of the state, were killed, who didn’t praised his deed? They said the evil men supported with a party, who stirred up the state with mutinies, were killed deservedly.
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51.33 Sed ea res magnae initium cladis fuit. Nam uti quisque domum aut villam, postremo vas aut vestimentum alicuius concupiverat, dabat operam, ut is in proscriptorum numero esset.
洛：But that was the beginning of great bloodshed; for whenever anyone coveted a man's house in town or country, or at last even his goods or his garment, he contrived to have him enrolled among the proscribed.
試：But that thing was the beginning of greater damage. For as someone had coveted house or villa, at last utensil or garment of another, he made action, so that that man was in the list of the outlaws.
思考：
1. 注意結(jié)果從句中主語的轉(zhuǎn)換：“那個（被覬覦的）人就被列在不法分子的名單上?！?/p>
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51.34 Ita illi, quibus Damasippi mors laetitiae fuerat, paulo post ipsi trahebantur neque prius finis iugulandi fuit, quam Sulla omnis suos divitiis explevit.
洛：Thus those who had exulted in the death of Damasippus were themselves before long hurried off to execution, and the massacre did not end until Sulla glutted all his followers with riches.
試：Thus they, to whom death of Damasippus had been of gladness, shortly afterwards, themselves were drawn out, nor an end was to killing, before Sulla filled all his men with wealth.
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51.35 Atque ego haec non in M. Tullio neque his temporibus vereor; sed in magna civitate multa et varia ingenia sunt.
洛："For my own part,I fear nothing of that kind for Marcus Tullius or for our times, but in a great commonwealth there are many different natures.
試：But I neither worry these to Marcus Tullius nor in these times; but in a great state there were many variegated minds.
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51.36 Potest alio tempore, alio consule, cui item exercitus in manu sit, falsum aliquid pro vero credi. Ubi hoc exemplo per senatus decretum consul gladium eduxerit, quis illi finem statuet aut quis moderabitur?
洛：It is possible that at another time, when someone else s consul and is likewise in command of an army, some falsehood may be believed to be true. When the consul, with this precedent before him, shall draw the sword in obedience to the senate's, decree who shall limit or restrain him?
試：It can be that at another time, with another consul, to whom an army is in hand again, some other thing false is believed as truth. When a consul has drawn out sword for this example through the senate’s decision, who will set up a limit to that man, or who will restrain?
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51.37 "Maiores nostri, patres conscripti, neque consili neque audaciae umquam eguere; neque illis superbia obstat, quo minus aliena instituta, si modo proba erant, imitarentur.
洛：Our ancestors, Fathers of the Senate, were never lacking either in wisdom or courage, and yet pride did not keep them from adopting foreign institutions, provided they were honourable.
試：“Our ancestors, fathers and the newly elected, neither lacked of any plan nor courage: nor haughtiness obstructed them from copying alien laws, if only they were proper.
思考：
1. obstat+abl.+quo minus是一種固定搭配，按英語的習(xí)慣處理。
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51.38 Arma atque tela militaria ab Samnitibus, insignia magistratuum ab Tuscis pleraque sumpserunt. Postremo, quod ubique apud socios aut hostis idoneum videbatur, cum summo studio domi exsequebantur: imitari quam invidere bonis malebant.
洛：They took their offensive and defensive weapons from the Samnites, the badges of their magistrates for the most part from the Etruscans. In fine, whatever they found suitable among allies or foes, they put in practice at home with the greatest enthusiasm, preferring to imitate rather than envy the successful.
試：They took up military amours and weapons from Samnites, most distinguished things of magistracy from Tusci. At last, something that seemed proper in any where of allies or enemies, they followed it with the highest esteem at home: they preferred to copy rather than envy the good.
思考：
1. quod...videbatur不是間接疑問，因為謂語動詞不是虛擬式。相比于實詞從句，它可能更像定語從句？
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51.39 Sed eodem illo tempore Graeciae morem imitati verberibus animadvortebant in civis, de condemnatis summum supplicium sumebant.
洛：But in that same age, following the usage of Greece, they applied the scourge to citizens and inflicted the supreme penalty upon those found guilty.
試：But at that time, they punished citizens with scourges, copying the custom of Greek, about the condemned they undertook the highest punishment.
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51.40 Postquam res publica adolevit et multitudine civium factiones valuere, circumveniri innocentes, alia huiusce modi fieri coepere, tum lex Porcia aliaeque leges paratae sunt, quibus legibus exsilium damnatis permissum est.
洛：Afterwards, when the state reached maturity, and because of its large population factions prevailed; when the blameless began to be oppressed and other wrongs of that kind were perpetrated: then they devised the Porcian law and other laws, which allowed the condemned the alternative of exile.
試：After our state increased and parties of citizens grew strong with their number, innocent people began to be beset, other things of this way began to be made, then Porcius law and other laws were prepared, by which to the condemned exile has been permitted.
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51.41 Hanc ego causam, patres conscripti, quo minus novum consilium capiamus, in primis magnam puto.
洛：This seems to me, Fathers of the Senate, a particularly cogent reason why we should not adopt a new policy.
試：I especially think this as a great reason, fathers and the newly elected, that we should not take the new plan.
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51.42 Profecto virtus atque sapientia maior illis fuit, qui ex parvis opibus tantum imperium fecere, quam in nobis, qui ea bene parta vix retinemus.
洛：Surely there was greater merit and wisdom in those men, who from slight resources created this mighty empire, than in us, who can barely hold what they gloriously won.
試：Actually, more courage and wisdom belonged to those, who made such great dominion from small resources, than to us, who scarcely keep that well created.
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51.43 "Placet igitur eos dimitti et augeri exercitum Catilinae? Minume. Sed ita censeo: publicandas eorum pecunias, ipsos in vinculis habendos per municipia, quae maxume opibus valent; neu quis de iis postea ad senatum referat neve cum populo agat; qui aliter fecerit, senatum existumare eum contra rem publicam et salutem omnium facturum."
洛："Do I then recommend that the prisoners be allowed to depart and swell Catiline's forces? By no means! This, rather, is. my advice: that their goods be confiscated and that they themselves be kept imprisoned in the strongest of the free towns; further, that no one hereafter shall refer their case to the senate or bring it before. the people, under pain of being considered by the senate to have designs against the welfare of the state and the common safety.”
試：“Therefore, is it right that those men are released and Catiline’s army increases? Never. But I vote thus: their money should be made public property, they should be held in prisons by free towns, which are strong with greatest power; one shall neither return to the senate about these men afterwards nor push it forward with people; otherwise if someone would make it, the senate estimates that he is making against the state and the safety of all people.”
思考：
1. censeo后應(yīng)該是間接話語，但neu...agat直接使用為勸勉虛擬式，不知是否有問題？
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段落大意 (51)：
凱撒反對出于感情而違反法律處死這些共謀者。他引用了許多歷史案例，實際上描述了羅馬人決策與立法的原則。首先，作為決定國家大事的統(tǒng)治者，感情用事、隨心所欲不僅會影響自己的名譽(yù)，也得不到理想的結(jié)果，公正才是羅馬人的傳統(tǒng)。其次，對于犯下如此罪行的共謀者，即便是死刑也稱不上殘酷，而且判死刑就會違反現(xiàn)有法律，不應(yīng)陷入這種邏輯困境。最后，任何法律必須經(jīng)得起時間的檢驗，因為即使初衷是好的法律，也可能被之后的壞人利用；不得侵害公民的生命權(quán)，這是羅馬人祖先在學(xué)習(xí)與實踐中得到的寶貴結(jié)論，這才是真正好的法律。因此，這些人只要被剝奪財產(chǎn)與自由即可。
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