七七 | 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特殊用法

1??will不簡(jiǎn)單

will：n. 意志；志愿；遺囑

As the old saying goes, where there's a will, there's a way.

• 古話說(shuō)，有志者事竟成。

l don't want to go against your will.

• 我不想違背您的意愿。

My father left me the house in his will.

• 我父親在遺囑中把這所房子遺贈(zèng)給了找。

willing：adj. 樂意的，心甘情愿的

l am willing to give you a hand.

2??will&would

意愿（willingness）：表達(dá)意愿、愿望、決心

l will try my best.：我會(huì)竭盡全力。

77 said she would try her best to help me.

You will help me, won't(=will not) you?你會(huì)幫誠(chéng)的，對(duì)吧?

Whenever he is upset, he will listen to records alone in his room, for hours.：每當(dāng)他心煩意亂的時(shí)候，他都會(huì)一個(gè)人在房間里聽?zhēng)讉€(gè)小時(shí)的唱片。

When l was young, I'd(=l would) listen to the radio waiting for my favorite songs.：當(dāng)我年輕時(shí)，我喜歡聽收音機(jī)，等待我最喜愛的歌

• would do：過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作

l used to smoke but l gave up two years ago.：我以前抽煙，但2年前戒了。

• used to do：過去常常做某事，但現(xiàn)在不了

The door won't open.：門打不開

—Would you mind closing the window?

—Sorry, l tried, but it won't close.：窗關(guān)不上

（門、窗等）不能正常工作、不起作用，體現(xiàn)事物的屬性（無(wú)需使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

3??情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表必要性

必要性（necessity）：應(yīng)該、必須、需要

You must come to class on time.：你必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)上課。

You mustn't say things like that.：你千萬(wàn)別說(shuō)那樣的話。

We should learn from each other.：我們應(yīng)該相互學(xué)習(xí)。

You ought to take good care of her.：你應(yīng)該好好照顧她。

You needn't finish that work today.：你不必今天做完這項(xiàng)工作。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need的否定用法: don’t need to do sth）

• —Mum, must l do my homework tonight?
• —Yes, you must.
• —No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.

mustn't：禁止/不允許

4??must&have to

My brother was ill, so l had to take care of him.：我兄弟主病了，所以戎得去照顧他。

因?yàn)橥庠?、客觀原因不得不做（且有三單、時(shí)態(tài)變化）

We must get together sometime.：我們一定要找個(gè)時(shí)間聚一下。

主觀認(rèn)為有責(zé)任、有必要做某事

5??情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 各司其職

can/could表能力（ability）

l can speak English.

l could eat 10 hamburgers when l was young.

could表過去的能力，與“委婉”無(wú)關(guān)!

Fit people are better able to cope with stress.：健康的人較能應(yīng)付壓力。

At last he was able to finish the work ahead of time.：最終他可以提前完成工作了。

be able fo do sth.（經(jīng)過一番努力）有能力做某事

can表驚訝、不相信

How can you be so smart!

can表常有行為、情形

used fo say what sb. / sth. is often like：有時(shí)會(huì)，時(shí)而可能

Beijing can be really cold in winter.

Wuhan can be really hot in summer.

Skiing gear（n. 用具）can be expensive.

can的迷思

表推測(cè)

can't不可能，疑問、否定形式表推測(cè)

—Can it be Jim?

—lt can't be Jim. l know him too well.：不可能是吉姆，找太了解他了。

表能力

l can run fast.：我能夠跑得快。

通常是有能力做人們期望或愿意做的事情

表常有的行為和情形

有時(shí)會(huì)，時(shí)而可能

He can be really bad-tempered at times.：他有的時(shí)候脾氣可真壞。

lt can be quite cold here in winter.：這里的冬天有時(shí)還真夠冷的。

不期望或不愿意做的事情

may表祝愿

May you succeed!

May you have a happy New Year!

must表“非要，偏偏”

Must you play the piano in the midnight?

should表“竟然會(huì)”

lt's strange that he should be late.

l find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.

shall

一、三疑（問句）征詢意見

征詢對(duì)方意見、為對(duì)方提供建議、幫助

Shall l open the door?

Shall he go now?

二、三陳（述句）允諾/警告/法律規(guī)章

①You shall get what you want if you behave well.

②He shall get fined（v.罰款）if he is caught by the police.

③Students shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

shall ≈ will，shall / will do表將來(lái)

This time next week l shall/will be in Scotland.

We shan't(=shall not=will not) know the results until next week.

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