Namaste！?《經(jīng)典梵語教學(xué)120課》第二課的梵英對照出爐了（不含獨白）！歡迎學(xué)者和梵語愛好者指教~

Lesson 2

??? ??: Namo namaha?

Greetings

???? ? ???? ?? ??????????????? sanskrita?

bhaashaa shikshaNe bhavathaam swagatham

Welcome to all to the Sanskrit language class

???? ??? ????? ?? ??: ????: ? ?? ???: ????? ???? ??? ??

?????: ? sanskritena katham parichayaha?

praapthavyaha iti bhavataha sarve poorvatana?

paata eva gnyaathavantaha

You already learnt how to get introduced in?

Sanskrit during your last lesson.

?? ?? ???? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??:?

? adhya anya krameNa api parichayasya?

anyeshaamapi abhyaasam vayam kurmaha

Today, let us practise introducing in other ways?

also.

??? ?? ???: ? aham vishwasaha

I am Vishwas

??????: ? Bhavaan kaha?

Who are you? (Male)

???? ??? Bhavathi kaa?

Who are you? (Female)

?????? uttamam

Good.

???? ?? ??: aham shikshakaha

I am [a] teacher.

??????: bhavaan kaha?

Who are you? (Male)

???????? aham chaatrha

I am a student

????? ?? ??? aham adivakthaa

I am an advocate

???? ?? bhavathi kaa?

Who are you? (Female)

???????? aham chaThraa

I am a student.

????? ?? ???? aham abhinetri

I am an actress.

???????? aham tantragnyaa?

I am a technologist/engineer

?????????? aham gruhiNi

I am a housewife

??? ?? ?? ?? aham shikshikaa

I am a teacher (female)

?????? ?? ?? aham sainikaa

I am a soldier

????????: aham yuvakaha

I am a youth.

?? ???, ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????: ??

mama naama, aham yetat vaakya dwayam?

yojayitava vayam parichayam vadaamaha

Let us append these two phrases “My name, I am”?

and introduce ourselves

? ?? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ????: ?

ativaa suKena parichayam vadaamaha

With great happiness, let us tell the introductions.

???, ?? ??? ?? ???: ? ???? ?? ??: ?

yataa, mama naama Vishwasaha | aham?

shikshakaha |?

Like: My name is Vishwas. I am a teacher.

???? ???? ???: ?????

Yetena krameNa bhavathaha vadantu |

In this manner, you all say in order.

??????????

bhavaan vadatu |

You tell!

?? ??? ?????: ???????: ? mama naama sudiraha,?

aham chatraha

I am Sudhir; I am a student.

?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? mama naama?

mahaadevi, aham shikshikaa

I am Mahadevi; I am a teacher.

?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ? mama naama?

raajalakshmi, aham nartaki

My name is Rajalakshmi; I am a dancer.

?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? mama naama kusuma,?

aham gaayikaa

My name is Kusuma. I am a singer.

???? vaidhyaa Doctor

?? ?? ?? baalikaa Little girl?

?? ?? ?: krushikaha Farmer

? ?????: karmakaaraha Blacksmith

????: paachakaha Cook

?: ???: ?? ? saha chatraha vaa??

Is he a student?

???, ?: ???? ? aam, saha chatraha?

Yes, he is a student.

????? ? ???? ??? tat krishNa palakam vaa??

Is that a blackboard?

???, ????? ? ???? ? aam, tat krishNa palakam?

Yes,?that is a blackboard.

?? ???? ??? saa tantragnyaa vaa??

Is she a?technologist/engineer?

??, ?? ???? ? aam, saa tantragnyaa?

Yes, she is a?technologist/engineer.

?: ???: ??? saha vaidhyaha vaa??

Is he a doctor?

?, ?: ???: ? ? na, saha vaidhyaha na.?

No, he is not?a doctor.

?, ?: ???: ? ? na, saha vaidhyaha na.

No, he is not?a doctor.

??????? ??? yetat palam vaa? Is this [a] fruit?

??, ??????? aam, tat palam Yes, that is a fruit.

?????? ??????? yetat penakam vaa Is this soap?

?????????? ??? yetat upanetram vaa

Is this [a pair of] spectacles?

????????? ??? yetat pustakam vaa Is this a book?

?????????? tat kankatam Is this a comb?

?? ???: ? ?? ??? ??? dinakaraha adivaktaa vaa?

Is?Dinakar an advocate?

?? ?? ???: ? ?? ??? ? aam, dinakaraha adivaktaa

Yes, Dinakar is an advocate.

? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? chandrikaa abhinetri vaa??

Is Chandrika an actor?

?, ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ? ? na, chandrikaa abhinetri na

No, Chandrika is not an actor.

???: dushtaha Wicked (person)

???: sajjanaha Good (people)?

???? ?????????? sanskritam saralam vaa??

Is Sanskrit simple?

???? ?? ????????? sanskritam maduram vaa??

Is Sanskrit sweet?

???? ?? ????????? sanskritam maduram vaa??

Is Sanskrit sweet?

???????? ?? ????? satyam, sanskritam maduram?

True, Sanskrit is sweet.

???????????????? idaanim aham vadaami?

Now I?shall say.

???: ? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? bhavataha api abhinayam kurvantu?

You too show by acting it out.

?? ??? ????: ? tasya naama udayanaha?

His name?is Udayana. (for someone who is farther away)

?? ??? ??? ? tasya naama kim? What is his name?

?? ??? ???????: ? kasya naama indushekaraha?

Whose name is Indushekara?

???: ??? ?????: ? tasyaaha naama shrilakshmihi?

Her name is Srilakshmi.

??? ??? ?????: ? etasya naama sudiraha?

His name is Sudhir. (for someone who is nearby)

????: ??? ?????? ? etasyaaha naama rajalakshmihi?

Her name is Rajalakshmi.

??? ??? ??? ? etasya naama kim??

?? ??? ??? ? tasya naama kim??

What is his name? (near and farther way)

????: ??? ??? ? etasyaaha naama kim??

???: ?????? ? tasyaaha naama kim? What is her name??(near and farther away)

??? ? tasyaaha naama kim? What is her name??

(near and farther away)

?????? ??? ? sudirasya ghati Sudhir’s watch.

?? ??? ? kasya ghati? Whose watch?

?? ?? ?? ??? kasya naasikaa? Whose nose?

?? ? ??: ? kasya karNaha? Whose ear?

??????: ??? ? gitaayaha ghati Geetha’s watch

???: ??????? kasyaaha kankaNam? Whose bracelet?

???: ???: ? kasyaaha syutaha??

Whose handbag?

???: ??????? kasyaaha kara vastram??

Whose handkerchief?

? ?? ???, ?????? uttishtatu, dadaatu Stand up, give

???: ?? ?? ??? ???????: ?? ?? ?? ??

kasyaaha kunchikaa? Shantalayaha kunchika?

Whose key? Shantala’s key.

?? ???? ? saa devi She is Devi.

????: ??? ?????? ? devyaaha naama saraswati?

The?Goddess’ name is Saraswati

????: ??? ?? ??? devyaaha naama kim??

What is?the Goddess’ name?

??? ? ???? ? esha nartaki She is a dancer.

??????? aabhooshaNam Jewels

???: ???????? kasyaaha aabhooshaNam? Whose?

??????? aabhooshaNam Jewels

???: ???????? kasyaaha aabhooshaNam??

Whose jewels?

? ????: ???????? nartakyaaha aabhooshaNam

Dancer’s jewels

????: ?? ???: ? ?? ?? ??:?????: ? kasyaaha kaNta?

haaraha? gruhiNyaaha kaNtahaaraha

Whose necklace? Housewife’s necklace.

????? ??? ??? ? pustakasya naama kim?

What is the name of the book?

????? ??? ???????????? ??

pustakasya naama Srimad Bhagawat Gita?

Book’s name is Srimad?Bhagawat Gita

???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????????

kaavyasya naama Shri bhaargava raaghaveeyam?

Poem’s name is Sri?Bhaargava Raaghaveeyam

????? ???? ??? ??? ? ????? ???? ??? ???????

asmaakam deshasya naama kim? asmaakam deshasya naama bharatam

What is our country’s name? Our country’s name is Bhaarath.

?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???: ?

shikshakasya naama kim? shikshakasya naama vishwasaha

What is the teacher’s name? The teacher’s name?is Vishwas.

????: udayanaha Udhayana?

?????udhayanasya?Udhayana’s

?????: sudhiraha ?????? sudhirasya

???? gitaa Geethaa ??????: gitaayaha?

Geethaa’s?

?? ?? priya ?? ????: priyaayaha

??????? rajeshwari ????? ???: rajeshwaryaaha

????? shrilakshmi ?????: shrilakshmyaaha?

??????? ?? ?? ?? ? evam roopaNi bhavati

Thus, these are the forms of nouns and possessions

?????????????? ???????? ??: ??

vayam idaanim ekam abhyaasam kurmaha

We shall now perform one exercise.?

??: ? ?? ? ramaha asti | ??????? ?? ?? ? sarve ramasya vadanti

[I shall say] “Rama is [here]” You all say “Rama’s”

?? ?: ?? ?? ? krishnaha krishnasya

???????: ???????? ? babulaalaha babulaalasya

??????? raamaanandasya

???????? raadheshyamasya

????: lekhakaha ????? lekhakasya Writer

????? pustakam ????? pustakasya Book

????: lekhakaha ????? lekhakasya Writer

????? pustakam ????? pustakasya Book

??? phalam ??? phalasya Fruit

????? pushpam ???? pushpasya Flower

? ?? ??? mandiram ? ?? ?? mandirasya?

Home/Temple?

????? nagaram ???? nagarasya City

???? sita ??????: sitaayaha

???? radha ??????: radhaayaha

…

? ?? ?? ? ?? ????: patrikaa patrikaayaha?

letter, letter’s

???? ??????: ganga gangaayaha

????? sharada ???????: sharadaayaha

????? bhaarati ?????: bhaaratyaha

? ?? nadi ???: nadyaha?

river, river’s

??? ?? lekhani ?????: lekhanyaha?

pen, pen’s?

?? ?? rakhi ????: rakhyaha

?????? ankani ??????: ankanyaha?

pencil, pencil’s?

?? ? ?? ?? ??? bahu samichinam

Very good.

???: ????? ???: ? ramaha dasaratasya putraha?

???: ?? ???: ? ramaha kasya putraha?

Rama is Dasarathaa’s son. Whose son is Rama?

?? ?: ??????? ???: ? krishnaha vasudevasya putraha?

?? ?: ??????? ???: ? krishnaha vasudevasya putraha?

?? ?: ?? ???:? Krishnaha kasya putraha?

???: ??????: ? ?? : ? ramaha sitaayaaha patihi?

???: ???: ? ?? : ? ramaha kasyaaha patihi?

Rama is Sita’s husband? Whose husband is Rama?

???: ? ??? ????: ? ?? : ? lakshmanaha urmilaayaha?

patihi ???: ???: ? ?? : ? lakshmanaha kasyaha patihi?

?? ?: ? ?? ??: ? ?? : ? krishnaha rukminyaaha?

patihi ?? ?: ???: ? ?? :? krishnaha kasyaaha patihi?

…

?? ?? ????? ??????? ? dilli bharatasya raajadhaani

?? ?? ?? ??????? ? dilli kasya rajadhaani?

Delhi is Bhaarath’s (India’s) capital.?

Which?[country’s] capital is Delhi?

…

??????: ??????? ????: ??

valmikihi ramayanasya lekhakaha?

??????: ?? ????: ?

valmikihi kasya lekhakaha?

Valmiki is Ramayana’s author.?

Which [literary work’s] author is Valmiki?

…

?????? uttamam Good.

???????????????????? ?? ??: ??

vayam idaanim ekam abhyaasam kurmaha

???????????????????? ?? ??: ??

vayam idaanim ekam abhyaasam kurmaha

We will now do one exercise.

??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??

aham ekam koshtakam darshayami

I will display one chart.

??????????? ??: ? sarve abhyaasam kurmaha

All of you participate in the exercise.

????? ???: ???: ? dasaratasya putraha ramaha?

Dasaratha’s son is Raama.?

…

??????? ????: ?? ?? ???: ?

raghuvamshasya lekhakaha kaalidaasaha Raghuvamsa’s authour is Kaalidaasaa.

??????: ? ?? : ???: ? sitaayaha patihi raamaha

Sita’s husband is Raama.

Respectful Address (vocative case)

????? gandhi ????? ????? ??

gandhi mahodasya

???? reNu ????????????: ??

reNu mahodayaayaha

????? gandhi ????? ??????? ?

gandhi mahabhagasya

???? reNu ????????????: ??

reNu mahabhaagayaha

??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??: ??

vayam adhyaapi ekasya subhashitasya abhyasam?

??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??: ??

vayam adhyaapi ekasya subhashitasya abhyasam kurmaha

Just now, we will practise a Subhaashitham?(benevolent speech)

???: ??????????? ?? ????????

bhavataha idaanim subhashitam shrunvantu

You now listen to a Subhaashitham.

???? ?? ?: ??? ?? ?? ???? ???????????

ayam nijaha paro veti gaNana laguchetasaam

“This person is mine, he is another” consider the low-minded

???? ? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ??

udaara charitaanaam tu vasudhaiva kutumbakam

For the noble-minded, universe is their family.

????? ???? ?? ?????: ?? ? ??: ????? ?? ??

idaanim subhashitam shrunvantah? tasya arthaha evam asti

The meaning for the Subhaashitham you now?

listened to is like this.

???? ?? ?? ??: ???: ?? ?? ? loke dwiwidaha janaaha bhavanti?

There are two types of people in the world.

?? ??? ??????: kechana lagu manaskaha

Some have small hearts/minds.

?? ?? ?? ?? , "??: ?? ???:, ??: ?? ???: ? " ? ?? ?? ?? ????

te chintayanti “eshaha mama janaha, eshaha mama janaha na” iti chintayanti??

te chintayanti “eshaha mama janaha, eshaha mama janaha na” iti chintayanti

They think “these are our people, these are not our?people.” In this manner, they think.

????? ??? ? ?? ??????: anye kechana santi mahaatmaanaha

Some others have large hearts/minds.

???? ? ?? ?: ? udaara charitaha

They are noble-minded.

?? ?? ?? ?? “?????? ?? ?????: ????????: ??

te chintayanti “jagat eva mama kutumbahalagu kutumbaha

They think, “The entire world is our family, a small family”

????? ???? ????: ????: ?? ?? ?????: ??

teshaam drishtyaa samagraha prapanchaha eva mama kutumbaha

Their outlook is: all the universe is our family.

???: ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? sajjanaaha evam chintanam kurvanti

Righteous people think in this manner.

?????: ? dhanyavaadaha !

Thank you!