★★★★

看題：

1.The primary purpose of the passage is to 主旨目的看框架

2. Based on the passage, which of the following is true of the “l(fā)imited evidence” from Sweden and Australia??直接細節(jié)

3. The author of the passage and those accepting the “proposition” would most likely agree with which of the following??態(tài)度題

文章講解：

①Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obstacles relative to men as they move up the organizational ladder in business.? ②This?proposition, which we term the increasing-disadvantage model, is a core element of the popular glass ceiling metaphor.?③Despite continued widespread public acceptance of the glass ceiling idea and some consistent findings, most research to date has?failed to?support the increasing-disadvantage model. ④Indeed, several studies based on private-sector firms find that women’s mobility prospects improve, rather than decline, as they climb upward in corporate hierarchies. ⑤In the public sector, researchers have found either no sex differences in mobility or a larger female disadvantage in lower grades.
① 大眾觀點，女性晉升阻力大于男性
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②?? ③

? ? ?? ? ?↓

? ? ???④+⑤

proposition: 陳述，主張，觀點；提議

①Comparing?cross-sectional[CJ3]??national samples of workers, Baxter and Wright found no evidence in the United States, and only limited evidence in Sweden and Australia, that women’s probability of being located in a higher versus a lower hierarchical level declined relative to men’s at higher levels.?②Taken together, these findings suggest that the glass ceiling may be a?myth.?③Women’s scarcity in top organizational ranks may simply represent the cumulative effect of a constant-or even decreasing-disadvantage at successive hierarchical levels.?（越往上劣勢累積）

①順承上段的事實

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② （作者）觀點

↓

③

myth 虛構(gòu)，虛假

?[CJ3]?A cross-sectional study is defined as a type of observational research that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point in time across a?sample?population or a pre-defined subset.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to 觀點點評，證據(jù)不足以支撐觀點

B

A. compare two explanations for a?recurring problem?沒有證據(jù)

B. summarize evidence relevant to a hypothesis?

C. point out inconsistencies in a set of findings 不直接攻擊論據(jù)

D. account for the persistence of a point of view 相反，立駁顛倒

E. reconsider the?origins?an ongoing issue?沒有證據(jù)

?

2. Based on the passage, which of the following is true of the “l(fā)imited evidence” from Sweden and Australia??直接細節(jié)，這里是一個讓步選項

A. It lends support to the increasing-disadvantage model 對應讓步

B. It correlates with findings on women’s mobility from?most other countries.?沒有證據(jù)

C. It suggests important cultural similarities between these countries. NE

D. It points to a phenomenon not widely recognized in these countries. NE

E. It helps explain the persistence of the glass ceiling 不能解釋，NE

?

★3. The author of the passage and those accepting the “proposition” would most likely agree with which of the following??態(tài)度題，異中取同

A. Lower down on the organizational ladder, women tend to experience fewer disadvantages than they do at higher levels 大眾觀點（越往上越難）的另一種形式，而非作者觀點

B. Women experience no more disadvantages in moving up the organizational ladder than do men 作者的

C. The degree of disadvantage experienced by women remains constant as women move up the organizational ladder 作者的

D. The obstacles to women’s advancement vary significantly from country to country?NE

E. Women face some disadvantage at each stage of the organizational ladder 文章討論的是這個難度有沒有隨著階層變化，前提是認為都有難度的

Q1：主旨題

根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)分層可以知道，文章分為四部分：

1.背景介紹什么是organizational ladder以及glass ceiling metaphor;?

2.目前數(shù)據(jù)不支持這個理論；

3.論證為什么不能支持，給出證據(jù)；

4.得出結(jié)論，估計是一個謎。

A?比較關(guān)于某個重復出現(xiàn)的問題的兩個解釋（沒有比較兩個解釋，錯誤）

B?總結(jié)與猜想相關(guān)的證據(jù)（提出了支持的證據(jù)和反駁的證據(jù)，最后指出是一個謎，符合）

C?指出一系列發(fā)現(xiàn)前后矛盾（沒有提及發(fā)現(xiàn)的前后矛盾，錯誤）

D?解釋某個觀點持續(xù)存在（沒有證據(jù)）

E 重新考慮一個發(fā)展中問題的來源（沒有重新考慮起源）