【文獻(xiàn)速遞】【Nature】【2022年】【8月】
聲明：本專欄主要對(duì)生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一些期刊文章標(biāo)題進(jìn)行翻譯，所有內(nèi)容均由本人手工整理翻譯。由于本人專業(yè)為生物分析相關(guān)，其他領(lǐng)域如果出現(xiàn)翻譯錯(cuò)誤請(qǐng)諒解。
資本收益
An individual’s social network and community — their ‘social capital’ — has been thought to influence outcomes ranging from earnings to health. But measuring social capital is challenging. In two papers in this week’s issue, Raj Chetty and his colleagues use data on 21 billion friendships from Facebook to construct a Social Capital Atlas containing measures of social capital for each ZIP code, high school and college in the United States. The researchers measure three types of social capital: connectedness between different types of people, social cohesion and civic engagement. They find that children who grow up in communities where people of low and high socio-economic status interact more have substantially greater chances of rising out of poverty. The team then examines what might limit social interactions across class lines, finding a roughly equal contribution from lack of exposure — because children in different socio-economic groups go to different schools, for example — and friending bias, the tendency for people to befriend people similar to them.
人們認(rèn)為，個(gè)人的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)和社區(qū)——他們的“社會(huì)資本”——會(huì)影響從收入到健康的各種結(jié)果。但衡量社會(huì)資本具有挑戰(zhàn)性。在本周刊的兩篇論文中，Raj Chetty和他的同事使用來自Facebook的210億條友誼數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建了一個(gè)社會(huì)資本圖集，其中包含美國每個(gè)郵政編碼、高中和大學(xué)的社會(huì)資本衡量指標(biāo)。研究人員測(cè)量了三種類型的社會(huì)資本：不同類型的人之間的聯(lián)系、社會(huì)凝聚力和公民參與。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在低社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位和高社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的人，互動(dòng)更多的社區(qū)中長大的兒童擺脫貧困的機(jī)會(huì)要大得多。然后，該團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了可能會(huì)限制跨階級(jí)社交互動(dòng)的因素，發(fā)現(xiàn)缺乏接觸的影響大致相同——例如，因?yàn)椴煌鐣?huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)群體的孩子上不同的學(xué)?！约敖挥哑?，即人們與人交朋友的傾向類似于他們。
Interfaces between cells are created when cells stick to each other, a process usually mediated by adhesion molecules called adhesins. Engineering the formation of cell–cell interfaces and programming subsequent patterning using synthetic adhesins has proved challenging. In this week’s issue, Ingmar Riedel-Kruse and his colleagues present such a system based on synthetic adhesins in the bacterium Escherichia coli. The researchers used the four-colour theorem to mathematically and experimentally show that just four adhesins are sufficient to construct a logic to create any arbitrary interface pattern. The cover shows one such tiling pattern. Each dot corresponds to a colony of outwardly growing E. coli, and the lines are the interfaces formed when two bacteria carrying complementary adhesins meet and stick together. The adhesin logic is illustrated by the coloured shapes overlaid on part of the image. The four-adhesin toolkit could help drive the engineering of biosensors and biomaterials as well as shedding light on the evolution of multicellular systems.
當(dāng)細(xì)胞相互粘附時(shí)，細(xì)胞之間就會(huì)產(chǎn)生界面，這一過程通常由稱為粘附素的粘附分子介導(dǎo)。 使用合成粘附素設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)胞-細(xì)胞界面的形成和編程后續(xù)圖案已被證明具有挑戰(zhàn)性。在本周的期刊中，Ingmar Riedel-Kruse和他的同事們展示了這樣一個(gè)基于大腸桿菌中合成粘附素的系統(tǒng)。研究人員使用四色定理通過數(shù)學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，僅四種粘附素就足以構(gòu)建邏輯以創(chuàng)建任意界面模式。封面展示了一種這樣的平鋪圖案。每個(gè)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)向外生長的大腸桿菌菌落，而線條是兩種攜帶互補(bǔ)粘附素的細(xì)菌相遇并粘在一起時(shí)形成的界面。粘附素邏輯由覆蓋在部分圖像上的彩色形狀說明。四種粘附素工具包可以幫助推動(dòng)生物傳感器和生物材料的工程設(shè)計(jì)，并闡明多細(xì)胞系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)化。
The cover captures the morning mist at Kaeng Krachan National Park in Thailand. Like every other aspect of life on Earth, forests are facing increased challenges posed by climate change. A collection of papers in this week’s issue probes the vulnerabilities and potential resilience of forests in a warming world. Three studies focus on North America: one examining the response of boreal species to warming and drought, another analysing the timing of stem growth in temperate deciduous forests, and a third revealing migration of white spruce (Picea glauca) into the Arctic tundra. In the tropics, one paper investigates the impact of phosphorus availability in the Amazon, while another assesses the reasons for increased mortality of tropical trees. Finally, a sixth paper shows how satellite imaging can be combined with machine learning to identify declining resilience in the world’s forests.
封面捕捉到了泰國Kaeng Krachan國家公園的晨霧。與地球上生命的所有其他方面一樣，森林正面臨著氣候變化帶來的越來越多的挑戰(zhàn)。本周刊中的一系列論文探討了森林在變暖世界中的脆弱性和潛在恢復(fù)力。三項(xiàng)研究集中在北美：一項(xiàng)研究北方物種對(duì)變暖和干旱的反應(yīng)，另一項(xiàng)分析溫帶落葉林中莖生長的時(shí)間，第三項(xiàng)揭示白云杉（Picea glauca）向北極苔原的遷移。在熱帶地區(qū)，一篇論文調(diào)查了亞馬遜地區(qū)可用磷的影響，而另一篇論文則評(píng)估了熱帶樹木死亡率增加的原因。最后，第六篇論文展示了如何將衛(wèi)星成像與機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)相結(jié)合，以確定世界森林的復(fù)原力下降情況。
Many gases can be dissolved in water, but the amount of gas that can be held by the liquid is relatively low. In this week’s issue, Jarad Mason and his colleagues present a system that creates permanently ‘porous’ water, allowing gases to be stored at high concentrations within the liquid. To achieve this, the researchers suspended tailored microporous nanocrystals in water and other aqueous solutions. The internal surfaces of the solids repel water molecules, thereby creating ‘dry’ pores that can readily adsorb gases from the surrounding liquid. This allowed the team to store gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide, at much higher concentrations than is possible in water alone. The work could have implications in energy and biomedicine, because highly oxygenated water might be able to act as a solvent for electrocatalysis or a substitute for blood.
許多氣體都可以溶解在水中，但液體能容納的氣體量相對(duì)較少。在本周的期刊中，賈拉德·梅森（Jarad Mason）和他的同事們展示了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可以產(chǎn)生永久性“多孔”水，使氣體能夠以高濃度儲(chǔ)存在液體中。為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，研究人員將定制的微孔納米晶體懸浮在水和其他水溶液中。固體的內(nèi)表面排斥水分子，從而形成“干燥”的孔隙，可以很容易地從周圍的液體中吸收氣體。這使得該團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠以比單獨(dú)在水中高得多的濃度儲(chǔ)存氣體，包括氧氣和二氧化碳。這項(xiàng)工作可能會(huì)對(duì)能源和生物醫(yī)學(xué)產(chǎn)生影響，因?yàn)楦吆跛赡芸梢宰鳛殡姶呋娜軇┗蜓旱奶娲贰?br>
1.The social connections that shape economic prospects.
塑造經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的社會(huì)聯(lián)系。
2.Escort proteins for cellular zinc ions.
護(hù)送蛋白用于細(xì)胞鋅離子。
3.Nanowire device slips ahead in race to a primary standard for current.
納米線設(shè)備在比賽中領(lǐng)先，達(dá)到了當(dāng)前的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
4.Risk management alone fails to limit the impact of extreme climate events.
僅風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理無法限制極端氣候事件的影響。
5.From the archive: early science in Florence and fingerprint forgery.
來自檔案：佛羅倫薩和指紋偽造的早期科學(xué)。
6.Akt protein boosts cancer metabolism through a two-pronged attack.
AKT蛋白通過雙管齊下來增強(qiáng)癌癥代謝。
7.Quantized current steps due to the a.c. coherent quantum phase-slip effect.
交流相干量子相滑效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致量化電流步數(shù)。
8.Non-Hermitian morphing of topological modes.
拓?fù)淠Ｊ降姆嵌蛎鬃冃巍?/p>
9.Highly efficient blue InGaN nanoscale light-emitting diodes.
高效的藍(lán)色I(xiàn)nGaN納米級(jí)發(fā)光二極管。
10.Strong yet ductile nanolamellar high-entropy alloys by additive manufacturing.
添加制造的堅(jiān)固而易延展的納米層狀高熵合金。
11.Pulsed hydraulic-pressure-responsive self-cleaning membrane.
脈沖液壓壓力反應(yīng)性自我清潔膜。
12.Site-selective, stereocontrolled glycosylation of minimally protected sugars.
位置選擇性，立體控制的最小保護(hù)糖的糖基化。
13.The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management.
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理中前所未有的洪水和干旱的挑戰(zhàn)。
14.Timescales for pluton growth, magma-chamber formation and super-eruptions.
用于巖體生長、巖漿座室形成和超級(jí)爆發(fā)的時(shí)間尺度。
15.A male steroid controls female sexual behaviour in the malaria mosquito.
雄性類固醇控制瘧疾蚊子中的女性性行為。
16.A time-resolved, multi-symbol molecular recorder via sequential genome editing.
通過順序基因組編輯的時(shí)間分辨、多符號(hào)分子記錄儀。
17.Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility.
社會(huì)資本I：測(cè)量和與經(jīng)濟(jì)流動(dòng)性的關(guān)聯(lián)。
18.Social capital II: determinants of economic connectedness.
社會(huì)資本II：經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系的決定因素。
19.Women are credited less in science than men.
女性在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的評(píng)價(jià)少于男性。
20.Visual recognition of social signals by a tectothalamic neural circuit.
通過構(gòu)造神經(jīng)回路對(duì)社會(huì)信號(hào)的視覺識(shí)別。
21.Prefrontal feature representations drive memory recall.
前額葉特征表示驅(qū)動(dòng)內(nèi)存回憶。
22.Secreted fungal virulence effector triggers allergic inflammation via TLR4.
分泌的真菌毒力效應(yīng)子通過TLR4觸發(fā)過敏性炎癥。
23.Akkermansia muciniphila phospholipid induces homeostatic immune responses.
Akkermansia muciniphila磷脂誘導(dǎo)穩(wěn)態(tài)免疫反應(yīng)。
24.Single-nucleus profiling of human dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
人類擴(kuò)張和肥厚性心肌病的單核譜分析。
25.Integrated multi-omic characterization of congenital heart disease.
先天性心臟病的集成多組學(xué)表征。
26.PI3K drives the de novo synthesis of coenzyme A from vitamin B5.
PI3K驅(qū)動(dòng)從維生素B5的輔酶A的從頭合成。
27.Deep whole-genome ctDNA chronology of treatment-resistant prostate cancer.
深層全基因組ctDNA的耐藥性前列腺癌年表。
28.Sestrin mediates detection of and adaptation to low-leucine diets in Drosophila.
Sestrin介導(dǎo)果蠅中低亮氨酸飲食的檢測(cè)和適應(yīng)。
29.Recording gene expression order in DNA by CRISPR addition of retron barcodes.
通過CRISPR添加復(fù)古條形碼記錄DNA中的基因表達(dá)順序。
30.A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19.
關(guān)于映射COVID-19的人類遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的首次更新。
31.Sticky logic programs bacteria to form multicellular patterns.
粘性邏輯程序細(xì)菌形成多細(xì)胞圖案。
32.The mystery of early milk consumption in Europe.
歐洲早期牛奶消費(fèi)的奧秘。
33.Magnetically soft but mechanically tough alloys.
磁性柔軟，但機(jī)械強(qiáng)的合金。
34.A short burst of reward curbs the addictiveness of ketamine.
短暫的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)遏制了氯胺酮的成癮性。
35.Improved organ recovery after oxygen deprivation.
氧氣剝奪后的器官恢復(fù)改善。
36.Response of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to past and future climate change.
東南極冰蓋對(duì)過去和未來氣候變化的反應(yīng)。
37.Experimental demonstration of optical stochastic cooling.
光學(xué)隨機(jī)冷卻的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明。
38.Realizing a 1D topological gauge theory in an optically dressed BEC.
在光學(xué)著裝的BEC中實(shí)現(xiàn)了1D拓?fù)鋬x理論。
39.Quantum cascade of correlated phases in trigonally warped bilayer graphene.
三角形雙層石墨烯中相關(guān)相的量子級(jí)聯(lián)。
40.Self-emergence of robust solitons in a microcavity.
在微腔中的穩(wěn)健孤子的自我出現(xiàn)。
41.A mechanically strong and ductile soft magnet with extremely low coercivity.
具有極低矯正性的機(jī)械強(qiáng)和延性軟磁鐵。
42.Perovskite superlattices with efficient carrier dynamics.
具有有效載體動(dòng)力學(xué)的鈣鈦礦超晶格。
43.4-bit adhesion logic enables universal multicellular interface patterning.
4位粘附邏輯可以實(shí)現(xiàn)通用多細(xì)胞界面圖案。
44.Giant impacts and the origin and evolution of continents.
巨大的影響以及大陸的起源和進(jìn)化。
45.Dairying, diseases and the evolution of lactase persistence in Europe.
歐洲乳制品，疾病和乳糖酶持久性的進(jìn)化。
46.The developing bird pelvis passes through ancestral dinosaurian conditions.
發(fā)育中的鳥骨盆經(jīng)過祖先的恐龍條件。
47.Transcriptome variation in human tissues revealed by long-read sequencing.
長閱讀測(cè)序揭示了人體組織中的轉(zhuǎn)錄組變異。
48.Spatially resolved clonal copy number alterations in benign and malignant tissue.
良性和惡性組織中的空間分辨克隆拷貝數(shù)改變。
49.Dual action of ketamine confines addiction liability.
氯胺酮限制成癮責(zé)任的雙重作用。
50.Dopamine subsystems that track internal states.
跟蹤內(nèi)部狀態(tài)的多巴胺子系統(tǒng)。
51.Cortical feedback loops bind distributed representations of working memory.
皮質(zhì)反饋回路綁定了工作內(nèi)存的分布式表示。
52.Teixobactin kills bacteria by a two-pronged attack on the cell envelope.
泰索桿菌素通過對(duì)細(xì)胞包膜的兩種構(gòu)造攻擊殺死細(xì)菌。
53.A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system.
人體免疫系統(tǒng)的物理接線圖。
54.Cellular recovery after prolonged warm ischaemia of the whole body.
整個(gè)身體長期溫暖的缺血后，細(xì)胞恢復(fù)。
55.Inhibition of ASGR1 decreases lipid levels by promoting cholesterol excretion.
抑制ASGR1通過促進(jìn)膽固醇胞吐來降低脂質(zhì)水平。
56.Brown-fat-mediated tumour suppression by cold-altered global metabolism.
棕色脂肪介導(dǎo)的腫瘤抑制被冷變化的全球代謝。
57.Architecture and self-assembly of the jumbo bacteriophage nuclear shell.
巨型噬菌體核殼的結(jié)構(gòu)和自組裝。
58.On yoctosecond science.
關(guān)于約秒科學(xué)。
59.Reply to: On yoctosecond science.
回復(fù)：關(guān)于約秒科學(xué)。
60.The early arrival of spring doesn’t boost annual tree growth.
春季的早期并不能促進(jìn)每年的樹木生長。
61.Twisted-graphene model draws inspiration from heavy elements.
扭曲的碳烯模型從沉重的元素中汲取靈感。
62.Low phosphorus levels limit carbon capture by Amazonian forests.
低磷水平限制了亞馬遜森林的碳捕獲。
63.Evidence at last that the proton has intrinsic charm.
終于有證據(jù)表明質(zhì)子具有內(nèi)在的魅力。
64.Genetic variants that edit risk of autoimmune diseases.
編輯自身免疫性疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的遺傳變異。
65.Plate tectonics controls ocean oxygen levels.
板塊構(gòu)造控制海洋氧氣水平。
66.Evidence for intrinsic charm quarks in the proton.
質(zhì)子中固有魅力夸克的證據(jù)。
67.Observation of Rabi dynamics with a short-wavelength free-electron laser.
用短波長自電子激光觀察Rabi動(dòng)力學(xué)。
68.Self-oscillating pump in a topological dissipative atom–cavity system.
拓?fù)浜纳⒃?腔體系統(tǒng)中的自振蕩泵。
69.Formation of moiré interlayer excitons in space and time.
在時(shí)空中形成Moiré層中激子。
70.A compute-in-memory chip based on resistive random-access memory.
基于電阻隨機(jī)訪問存儲(chǔ)器的計(jì)算內(nèi)存芯片。
71.Preservation of high-pressure volatiles in nanostructured diamond capsules.
在納米結(jié)構(gòu)鉆石膠囊中保存高壓揮發(fā)物。
72.Floating perovskite-BiVO4 devices for scalable solar fuel production.
浮動(dòng)鈣鈦礦-BiVO4設(shè)備，用于可擴(kuò)展的太陽能燃料生產(chǎn)。
73.Continental configuration controls ocean oxygenation during the Phanerozoic.
大陸構(gòu)型控制顯生宙期間的海洋氧合。
74.Tropical tree mortality has increased with rising atmospheric water stress.
隨著大氣水應(yīng)力的增加，熱帶樹死亡率增加了。
75.Emerging signals of declining forest resilience under climate change.
在氣候變化下森林復(fù)原力下降的新興信號(hào)。
76.Even modest climate change may lead to major transitions in boreal forests.
即使是中度的氣候變化也可能導(dǎo)致北方森林的重大變化。
77.Sufficient conditions for rapid range expansion of a boreal conifer.
足夠的條件，可以快速擴(kuò)展北方針葉樹。
78.Warm springs alter timing but not total growth of temperate deciduous trees.
暖春會(huì)改變時(shí)間，但不會(huì)改變溫帶落葉喬木總生長量。
79.Direct evidence for phosphorus limitation on Amazon forest productivity.
直接證據(jù)表明亞馬遜森林生產(chǎn)力的磷限制。
80.A new elpistostegalian from the Late Devonian of the Canadian Arctic.
來自加拿大北極泥盆紀(jì)晚期的新希望螈目（elpistostegalian）。
81.RNA editing underlies genetic risk of common inflammatory diseases.
RNA編輯是常見炎癥性疾病的遺傳風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
82.Modular strategy for development of the hierarchical visual network in mice.
小鼠層次視覺網(wǎng)絡(luò)開發(fā)的模塊化策略。
83.Neurotensin orchestrates valence assignment in the amygdala.
神經(jīng)降壓素協(xié)調(diào)杏仁核中的價(jià)分配。
84.BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 escape antibodies elicited by Omicron infection.
BA.2.12.1，BA.4和BA.5由Omicron感染引起的逃逸抗體。
85.Antibody evasion by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5.
SARS-COV-2 Omicron子變量BA.2.12.1，BA.4和BA.5的抗體逃避。
86.Truncated FGFR2 is a clinically actionable oncogene in multiple cancers.
截短的FGFR2是多種癌癥中臨床上可起作用的癌基因。
87.GTSF1 accelerates target RNA cleavage by PIWI-clade Argonaute proteins.
GTSF1通過PIWI-clade Argonaute蛋白加速靶RNA裂解。
88.Molecular interplay of an assembly machinery for nitrous oxide reductase.
一氧化二氮還原酶的組裝機(jī)械的分子相互作用。
89.A new phase for the universal growth of interfaces.
界面普遍增長的新階段。
90.35 years of channelling potassium ions.
輸送鉀離子35年。
91.Suspended pores boost gas solubility in water.
懸浮的孔增強(qiáng)了水中的氣體溶解度。
92.Long-sought mediator of vitamin K recycling discovered.
發(fā)現(xiàn)了長期的維生素K回收介質(zhì)。
93.From the archive: bacteriophage mystery, and air-pollution tests.
來自檔案：神秘的噬菌體和空襲測(cè)試。
94.Persister cells that survive chemotherapy are pinpointed.
在化學(xué)療法中存活下來的持久性細(xì)胞被精確定位。
95.Efficient generation of entangled multiphoton graph states from a single atom.
從單個(gè)原子中有效地生成糾纏的多光子圖狀態(tài)。
96.Quantum error correction with silicon spin qubits.
用硅自旋矩陣校正量子誤差。
97.Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality in a one-dimensional polariton condensate.
在一維偏振子冷凝物中的Kardar–Parisi–Zhang普遍性。
98.Scalable single-mode surface-emitting laser via open-Dirac singularities.
通過開狄拉克奇點(diǎn)的可擴(kuò)展單模表面發(fā)射激光器。
99.Mechanical integrated circuit materials.
機(jī)械集成電路材料。
100.Fast-charging aluminium–chalcogen batteries resistant to dendritic shorting.
快速充電的鋁-硫電池可抵抗樹枝狀短路。
101.Microporous water with high gas solubilities.
微孔水具有高氣溶性。
102.Integrated ozone depletion as a metric for ozone recovery.
集成的臭氧耗竭作為臭氧回收的度量。
103.Diverse mutational landscapes in human lymphocytes.
人淋巴細(xì)胞中的多種突變景觀。
104.Live-seq enables temporal transcriptomic recording of single cells.
實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)序可以實(shí)現(xiàn)單細(xì)胞的時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)記錄。
105.Transformations of neural representations in a social behaviour network.
社會(huì)行為網(wǎng)絡(luò)中神經(jīng)表征的轉(zhuǎn)變。
106.Pyramidal neuron subtype diversity governs microglia states in the neocortex.
錐體神經(jīng)元亞型多樣性控制新皮層中的小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞狀態(tài)。
107.The retroelement Lx9 puts a brake on the immune response to virus infection.
Retroement LX9對(duì)病毒感染的免疫反應(yīng)制動(dòng)了。
108.Spatial multi-omic map of human myocardial infarction.
人體心肌梗死的空間多組圖。
109.A non-canonical vitamin K cycle is a potent ferroptosis suppressor.
非典型的維生素K循環(huán)是一種有效的鐵凋亡抑制劑。
110.Cell–matrix interface regulates dormancy in human colon cancer stem cells.
細(xì)胞-矩陣界面調(diào)節(jié)人結(jié)腸癌干細(xì)胞的休眠。
111.Ordered and deterministic cancer genome evolution after p53 loss.
p53損失后有序和確定性的癌癥基因組進(jìn)化。
112.Cryo-EM structure of an active bacterial TIR–STING filament complex.
活性細(xì)菌TIR–STING復(fù)合物的冷凍電鏡結(jié)構(gòu)。
113.Cyclic nucleotide-induced helical structure activates a TIR immune effector.
循環(huán)核苷酸誘導(dǎo)的螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)激活TIR免疫效應(yīng)子。
114.Structure of Tetrahymena telomerase-bound CST with polymerase α-primase.
與聚合酶α-蛋白酶結(jié)合的四膜烷端粒酶結(jié)合的CST的結(jié)構(gòu)。
115.Reconstitution of a telomeric replicon organized by CST.
CST組織的端粒復(fù)制子的重建。
116.Structures of the human CST-Polα–primase complex bound to telomere templates.
與端粒模板結(jié)合的人CST-Polα原始酶復(fù)合物的結(jié)構(gòu)。
