正文翻譯

How many Indian drug companies are exporting to the USA?

有多少印度制藥公司向美國出口藥品?

評(píng)論翻譯

Christopher VanLang
Why is the Indian pharmaceutical company Ranbaxy still allowed to do business in the United States?
I'm actually of the opinion that this whole disaster is very good for the future of the Indian Pharmaceutical industry.
From the sounds of what happen, the scandal is a product of what happens when a dirty company tries to go legitimate not unlike when a mobster tries to get clean. The US knows that Ranbaxy was a mobster and has a dirty past but it also knows that it's trying really really hard to clean itself up and do things right. The FDA has also been under significant pressure to make sure that there aren't drug shortages which is happening more and more since many of the plants in the US get shutdown shortly after patent expirations.

為什么印度蘭伯西(Ranbaxy)制藥公司仍然被允許在美國做生意？
事實(shí)上，我認(rèn)為這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難對(duì)印度制藥行業(yè)的未來非常有利。
從所發(fā)生的事情來看，丑聞是一個(gè)骯臟的公司試圖合法化的產(chǎn)物，就像一個(gè)暴徒試圖洗白一樣。美國知道蘭伯西是一個(gè)盜匪，有著骯臟的過去，但也知道它正在非常非常努力地清理自己，把事情做好。美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局也面臨著巨大的壓力，要求確保不會(huì)出現(xiàn)藥品短缺，這種情況越來越多，因?yàn)槊绹脑S多工廠在專利到期后不久就關(guān)閉了。

This is how generic drugs get made in countries like India. 5-8 years before the US patent expiration, organic chemists are figuring out how to synthesize the drug and break the US process patents. It takes another 2-3 years to scale-up and build a plant. This means that a generic company will probably be able to produce and sell a drug in countries with weak patent laws 2-3 years before the US patent expiry and set a world-wide generic price. This means that upon expiration, the drug essentially has to be supplied by a generic company.
I can tell you that the US pharmaceutical industry doesn't think very highly of Indian and Chinese manufacturers and it isn't because they do things inexpensively. It's because they do things cheaply. When you cut corners and brag about how you were successful in cutting corners, no is going to trust you in a highly regulated R&D business.

這就是印度等國家生產(chǎn)仿制藥的方式。在美國專利到期前5-8年，有機(jī)化學(xué)家正在研究如何合成藥物并打破美國工藝專利，還需要2-3年的時(shí)間來擴(kuò)大規(guī)模并建立一個(gè)工廠。這意味著，仿制藥公司可能能夠在美國專利到期前2-3年在專利法薄弱的國家生產(chǎn)和銷售藥物，并設(shè)定全球仿制藥價(jià)格。這意味著專利一旦過期，藥物基本上必須由仿制藥公司供應(yīng)。
我可以告訴你，美國制藥行業(yè)對(duì)印度和中國制造商的評(píng)價(jià)不高，并不是因?yàn)樗麄兊漠a(chǎn)品成本低。這是因?yàn)樗麄冏鍪潞鼙阋?。?dāng)你偷工減料，吹噓自己是如何成功地偷工減料時(shí)，你再去搞一個(gè)高度監(jiān)管的研發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)，是沒有人會(huì)相信你的。

However, I recognize that companies like Ranbaxy need to exist since the US and the rest of the world does need generic drugs and places like Teva Pharmaceuticals aren''t going to be enough to provide Africa with drugs. For that to happen, you need to have whistleblowers making companies scared and freaking out to go legitimate and changing their company culture to do things correctly. I bet that Cipla and Dr. Reddy''s Laboratories (company) are currently going through their ranks and digging through their files. American-trained Indian scientists will be quickly replacing most of the upper management. The Department of Pharmaceuticals will be ramping up their inspections and coordinating with the FDA and EMA.
Those silly US evergreening patents that India seemingly is willing to ignore? They exist for a reason and most of them are trivial patents like "how to purify a compound" and "how to make a drug that meets FDA standards".
So why drugs from Ranbaxy and India? Frankly it''s still better than the alternatives. The European countries are only interested in the high-end generics. Japanese and Singaporean manufacturing facilities are already at capacity for brand name drugs. ?The US''s only hope for cheap drugs is India .

然而，我認(rèn)識(shí)到，需要存在像蘭伯西這樣的公司，因?yàn)槊绹褪澜缙渌貐^(qū)確實(shí)需要仿制藥，而像梯瓦制藥這樣的公司不足以為非洲提供藥物。要做到這一點(diǎn)，你需要有揭發(fā)者讓公司感到害怕，讓公司變得合法，并改變他們的公司文化，以正確地做事。我敢打賭，西普拉公司和:如瑞迪博士實(shí)驗(yàn)室有限公司目前正在調(diào)查他們的隊(duì)伍并挖掘他們的檔案。在美國接受培訓(xùn)的印度科學(xué)家將很快取代大部分高層管理人員。藥品部門將加大檢查力度，并與美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局和歐洲藥品管理局進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)。
那些愚蠢的美國常青樹專利，印度似乎愿意忽視？它們的存在是有原因的，其中大多數(shù)都是不重要的專利，比如“如何純化化合物”和“如何制造符合美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的藥物”。
那為什么是蘭伯西和印度的藥品呢？坦率地說，它仍然比其他選擇要好。歐洲國家只對(duì)高端仿制藥感興趣。日本和新加坡的生產(chǎn)設(shè)施已經(jīng)具備生產(chǎn)品牌藥品的能力。美國唯一希望從印度獲得廉價(jià)藥物。

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam
Why doesn't the Indian government fund pharmaceutical companies in their own R&D? Is just claiming India as the biggest exporter of medicines enough?
Funding Pharma Research is the highest risk.
You could spend Billions on a potential drug and suddenly have to yank it off due to complications and side effects.
R & D for Biosciences and Pharma in US is funded mainly by the Private Sector (85%) and Grants and Trusts (10.5%) with barely 4.5% coming from the Federal Govt
US Pharma companies spend $ 87 Billion a year on R & D and an average of 19.32% of their Revenue on R&D.
Now Indian Pharma spend Rs. 317 Crore or $ 423 Million a year on R&D with 68.3% being Government Funded and only 31.7% or Rs. 105 Crore a year being Privately Funded.
US pays an average researcher with 10 yrs an average of $ 187,717 a year , India pays Rs. 4,66,208 a year
Plus there is a misuse of budget for R and D. Out of say Rs. 10 Crore a year for research for a new vaccine, only Rs. 5.8 Crore is available. The rest goes into miscellaneous.
Conclusion is We dont have Money for that sort of research and our developments are Shoddy and Shortcuts aiming for headlines for 10 days than a solution for 10 years.
Rather than investing profits into R & D , our Pharma companies prefer eating the profits and wealth.

為什么印度政府不資助制藥公司進(jìn)行自己的研發(fā)？?jī)H僅宣稱印度是最大的藥品出口國就足夠了嗎？
資助制藥研究是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高的。
你可能在一種潛在的藥物上花費(fèi)了數(shù)十億美元，但突然由于并發(fā)癥和副作用而不得不放棄。
美國生物科學(xué)和制藥的研發(fā)主要由私營部門(85%)和贈(zèng)款和信托基金(10.5%)資助，只有4.5%來自聯(lián)邦政府
美國制藥公司每年在研發(fā)上的支出為870億美元，平均占其收入的19.32%。
現(xiàn)在，印度制藥公司每年在研發(fā)上花費(fèi)31.7億盧比或4.23億美元，其中68.3%由政府資助，只有31.7%或10.5億盧比由私人資助。
美國給一個(gè)普通研究人員10年的薪水為平均每年為18.7717萬美元，在印度，他們的薪水為平均每年為46.6208萬盧比
研發(fā)預(yù)算被濫用。比如，每年有1億盧比用于新疫苗的研究，但只有5800萬盧比可用。其余的都變成了雜項(xiàng)開支。
結(jié)論是，我們沒有錢進(jìn)行這類研究，我們的發(fā)展是“以次充好”和“捷徑”，目標(biāo)是10天內(nèi)成為頭條新聞，而不是10年內(nèi)的解決方案。
我們的制藥公司更喜歡吃掉利潤和財(cái)富，而不是把利潤投資于研發(fā)。

Anonymous
Why doesn't the Indian government fund pharmaceutical companies in their own R&D? Is just claiming India as the biggest exporter of medicines enough?
Indian govt. wants results and huge taxes without doing any hard work or planning so we cannot expect anything from them as their only focus is privatising everything and huge collection of taxes for their own luxuries, they make policies for corpoarates and rich people and nnot concerned about sufferings of common man.

為什么印度政府不資助制藥公司進(jìn)行自己的研發(fā)？?jī)H僅宣稱印度是最大的藥品出口國就足夠了嗎？
印度政府想要結(jié)果和巨額稅收，而不做任何艱苦的工作或計(jì)劃，所以我們不能對(duì)他們抱有任何期望，因?yàn)樗麄兾ㄒ魂P(guān)注的是將一切私有化和征收巨額稅收為自己的奢侈生活買單，他們?yōu)槠髽I(yè)和富人制定政策，而不關(guān)心普通人的痛苦。