考研英語高效閱讀—2019考研英語 (一)

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Text 1

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P1 Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.

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重點詞匯：

impose a rule on 強制實行規(guī)定

guaranteed bonus 擔保獎金

under investigation 處在調查中

executive [n.] 主管，經理

wrongdoing [n.] 違法行為

clawback [n.] 回收款

hold…accountable 追究責任

restore public trust 挽回公眾信任

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21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the_________.

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A. enhance banker’s sense of responsibility

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B. help corporations achieve larger profits

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C. build a new system of financial regulation

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D. guarantee the bonuses of top executives

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題干關鍵詞：

原文關鍵詞

文章定位

考點標志

Motive

Purpose

P1L4

引號

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答案：A

文章定位

原文關鍵詞

選項關鍵詞

解題方法

P1L3-4

accountable

responsibility

同義詞

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解析：考查積極詞匯（表明作者觀點的重要形容詞、副詞、動詞、名詞），文章P1L4中的accountable(負有責任的)與21題中的responsibility對應，屬于同義表達，故答案A。

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P2 “Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.

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重點詞匯：quick profit 暴利

????????? publicly traded company 上市公司

worsen? [v.] 惡化

quarterly [adj.] 每季的

giant [n.] 偉人

plum [n.] 李子

pudding [n.] 布丁

put aside 放到一邊（備用）

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22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_________.

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A. the conditions for generating quick profits

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B. governments’ impatience in decision-making

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C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies

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D. “short-termism” in economics activities

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題干關鍵詞：

原文關鍵詞

文章定位

考點標志

Alfred ? Marshall

原詞

P2L3

引號

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答案：D

文章定位

原文關鍵詞

選項關鍵詞

解題方法

P2L3-4

at ? once

short-termism

同義詞

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解析：考查引號句、對比關系。P2L3-4引用了Alfred Marshall的話，其中at once 和last形成對比關系，at once與選項D中的short-termism對應，故答案為D。

詞匯：short-termism [n.] 短期主義（只注重短期收益的思維方式）

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P3 The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”.

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重點詞匯：hold a stock 持股

???????? ?quarterly profits 季度利潤

????????? hinder [v.] 阻礙

????????? customer loyalty 客戶忠誠度

????????? dub [v.] 把…稱為

????????? capitalism [n.] 資本主義

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23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be__________.

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A. indirect 間接的

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B. adverse 不利的

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C. minimal 微小的

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D. Temporary 暫時的

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題干關鍵詞：

原文關鍵詞

文章定位

考點標志

transient ? investment

transient ? investors

P3L2

否定詞hinder

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答案：B

文章定位

原文關鍵詞

選項關鍵詞

解題方法

P3L2-3

hinder ?

adverse

同義詞

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解析：考查積極詞匯。由題干中的 transient investment可定位到文章P3L2-3，L3中的hinder （阻礙）與B選項的adverse（不利的）同義，故答案為B。

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P4 In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.

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重點詞匯：digital technology 數字科技

predominance [n.] 優(yōu)勢

equity [n.] (公司的)股本

at the expense of 以…為代價

commission [n.] 委員會

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P5 In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “ a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.

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重點詞匯：defer [v.] 推遲

????????? bonus [n.] 津貼

????????? substantial [adj.] 大量的

????????? be tied to 與…掛鉤

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P6 Much more could be done to encourage “l(fā)ong-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.

重點詞匯：acquisition [n.] 收購

??????? ??shareholder [n.] 股東

???????? ?voting rights 表決權

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24. The US and France examples are used to illustrate____________.

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A. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.

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B. the significance of long-term thinking.

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C. the approaches to promoting “l(fā)ong-termism”.

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D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.

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題干關鍵詞：

原文關鍵詞

文章定位

考點標志

US ?

France

原詞

P5L1

P6L2

強調此 at least

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答案：C

文章定位

原文關鍵詞

選項關鍵詞

解題方法

P5L1-3

P6L2-3

defer ? performance bonus

reduce ? short-termism

at ? least two years

promoting ? “l(fā)ong-termism”

同義詞

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解析：考查時間、強調、比較級。文章P5說到美國采取行動來defer performance bonus、reduce short-termism,與C項中的promoting “l(fā)ong-termism”同義；P6段講到法國的例子，其中L3中的at least表示強調，more voting是比較級值得注意，at least two years與promoting “l(fā)ong-termism”對應，故答案為C。