重難點(diǎn)分析

連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句的作用。連詞可以分為兩類(lèi)：并列連詞和從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)各種從句的連詞)。連詞是每年高考語(yǔ)法填空設(shè)空的必考項(xiàng)目之一！

一、連詞的用法歸納

并列連詞

并列關(guān)系

and, when(就在這時(shí)=and just at ? this/that time), not only…but also, neither…nor, both…and

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

but, while (而/盡管), yet, not…but

選擇關(guān)系

or, either…or, otherwise, ? or else (否則/要不然)

因果關(guān)系

for, so

定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系

代詞

先行詞是人

who/that(主語(yǔ)), whom/that(賓語(yǔ)), whose(定語(yǔ))

注意：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不用that

先行詞是事或物

which/that(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)), whose(定語(yǔ))

關(guān)系副詞

先行詞是時(shí)間: when (狀語(yǔ))；先行詞是地點(diǎn): where (狀語(yǔ))；先行詞是reason: why (狀語(yǔ))

名詞性從句

連詞that

沒(méi)有詞義，不作句子成分，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可省略；即句子的結(jié)構(gòu)與意義完整時(shí)，填that

連詞if/whether

意為“是否”，不作句子成分，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般可互換，但在介詞后或discuss后引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用whether。但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時(shí)，一般也只能用whether

連接代詞

有意義，作句子成分：who, whom, whose, which, ? what

連接副詞

有詞義，作句子成分：when, where, why, how

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狀語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

when, while, as, before, ? after, once, till, until, since, every time, the moment, hardly…when, no ? sooner…than, as soon as

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

where, wherever (無(wú)論什么地方/不管哪里)

條件狀語(yǔ)

if, unless (除非), as/so long ? as (只要), on condition that (如果), in case (如果/萬(wàn)一)

原因狀語(yǔ)

because, since, as, now ? that (=since 既然、由于)

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

so that (結(jié)果), so…that, ? such…that (如此……以至于……)

目的狀語(yǔ)

so that (為了/以便), in order ? that, in case (以防萬(wàn)一), for fear that (以防/以免)

讓步狀語(yǔ)

although, though, as (狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)要提到as前，作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞提前時(shí)，不用a), even if, ? even though (即使), whether…or…(不管……還是), whoever (=no matter ? who), whatever (=no matter what), whenever (=no matter when), whichever (=no ? matter which)

比較狀語(yǔ)

than, as…as, not as…as, ? not so…as, the same…as, such…as, the more…the more

方式狀語(yǔ)

as (像、依照), as if, as ? though (好像、仿佛)

注意：定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句的詳細(xì)講解可見(jiàn)專(zhuān)題13、14、15。

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二、連詞的使用難點(diǎn)與易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納

因?yàn)檫B詞的種類(lèi)非常多，有并列連詞（連接并列句），有從屬連詞（引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句），而從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句又可分為三類(lèi)：定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句。尤其應(yīng)注意的是有些連詞可引導(dǎo)不止一種從句，具有多重功能，這往往是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是易混點(diǎn)。

難點(diǎn)回顧：

1. as可引導(dǎo)多種從句，如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句以及定語(yǔ)從句。

[誤] Which you can see, he is always ready to help others.

[正] As you can see, he is always ready to help others.

解析：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)“正像/正如”講。

[誤] Do like I told you.

[正] Do as I told you.

解析：like是介詞；as是連詞，在這里作“按照”講，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。

[誤] He was reading then he was walking.

[正] He was reading as he was walking.

解析：as強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，作“一邊……一邊……”講。

[誤] As he is young, he knows a lot.

[正] Young as he is, he knows a lot.

解析：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序，應(yīng)把表語(yǔ)提前。

2. that可引導(dǎo)多種從句，如定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等。

[誤] You don’t like him is none of my business.

[正] That you don’t like him is none of my business.

解析：that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，但不能省略。

[誤] The thief handed everything which he had stolen to the police.

[正] The thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

解析：everything是不定代詞，因此后面的定語(yǔ)從句只能由that引導(dǎo)。

[誤] I am happy as you passed the exam.

[正] I am happy that you passed the exam.

解析：that在形容詞后面引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，不能用as。

3. where可引導(dǎo)多種從句，如定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句以及名詞性從句。

[誤] Go to find your watch. It’s there where you left it.

[正] Go to find your watch. It’s where you left it.

解析：where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于at the place where。

[誤] The place where there is water, there is life.

[正] Where there is water, there is life.

解析：where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，可以放在主句的前面，也可以放在主句的后面。

[誤] I can’t remember in which place I met him.

[正] I can’t remember where I met him.

解析：where引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，不能用in which。

4. what可引導(dǎo)感嘆句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、名詞性從句等。

[誤] How an interesting story he told us!

[正] What an interesting story he told us!

解析：What an interesting story！= How interesting a story！

[誤] I can’t remember the thing what he told me.

[正] I can’t remember what he told me.

解析：what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于the thing that。

5. no matter + what/who...與whatever/whoever...的區(qū)別：前者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而后者既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。

[誤] I will make friends with no matter who shares my interest.

[正] I will make friends with whoever shares my interest.

解析：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用whoever。

[誤] You must hand in no matter what you’ve found.

[正] You must hand in whatever you’ve found.

解析：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用whatever。

6. whether和if的區(qū)別：兩者引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)都是從屬連詞，作“是否”講，本身不作成分，此時(shí)句子中往往出現(xiàn)表示“不肯定”意義的一些短語(yǔ)，如not sure/certain, not known/decided, ...is still question, depend on等。whether和if引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可互換，但下列情況一般只能用whether：

(1)引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句；(2)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；(3)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；(4)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句；(5)后面出現(xiàn)or not。

[誤] If you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.

[正] Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.

解析：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether。

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三、關(guān)聯(lián)副詞

英語(yǔ)中有一類(lèi)詞，其作用和功能與連詞有些類(lèi)似，但又有區(qū)別，那就是關(guān)聯(lián)副詞。關(guān)聯(lián)副詞也是全國(guó)英語(yǔ)高考的考點(diǎn)之一，曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)幾次。這類(lèi)題主要考慮前后邏輯意義的連貫，即重點(diǎn)考慮上下文意義的連貫，同時(shí)注意分析句中的時(shí)態(tài)等基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象和相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)的用法。做這類(lèi)題，清楚地理解文章的來(lái)龍去脈和上下文意是最關(guān)鍵的！

1. 時(shí)間性副詞

由考查過(guò)的a few hour before/earlier可聯(lián)想到，也許會(huì)考a few hours ago (幾小時(shí)前), then minutes later (十分鐘后), afterwards (后來(lái)), the day after (次日), the day before (前一日), I had met him before (在那之前我就見(jiàn)過(guò)他了), than before (比以前), than ever (比以前), than ever before (比以往任何時(shí)候), since (從那時(shí)以來(lái)), ever since (從那時(shí)起到現(xiàn)在), and then (然后), till then (直到那時(shí)), by then (到那時(shí)為止), just then (就在那個(gè)時(shí)候), from then on (從那時(shí)期)等。

2. 邏輯性副詞

由考過(guò)的anyway (無(wú)論如何)可聯(lián)想到，也許會(huì)考anyhow (=anyway 無(wú)論如何、至少), however (然而), therefore (因此), thus (因此), besides (而且、還有、此外), though (可是、然而), too, also, instead等。

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考點(diǎn)練透

一、完成句子 在下列各句中填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~使句子完整通順。

1. I met Alice, ___________ told me that she was learning Chinese.

2. The man to ___________ our headmaster talked just now is from Canada.

3. He ___________ has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick.

4. God helps those ___________ help themselves.

5. ___________ there is life on the moon is an interesting question.

6. ___________ will win the match is still unknown.

7. Everything depends on ___________ we have enough money.

8. Children who are not active or ___________ diet is high in fact will gain weight quickly.

9. Here are all my story-books. You can take ___________ you like best.

10. She always thinks of ___________ she can serve the customers well.

11. He got up too late. That is ___________ he came late to the meeting.

12. An idea came to him ___________ he might do the experiment in another way.

13. Make a mark ___________ you have any doubts or questions.

14. Word came ___________ our Chinese women team had won the game.

15. He is not ___________ he was a few years ago.

16. Our income is now double ___________ it was ten years ago.

17. ___________ many Americans move a lot, they still recognize each other’s dialects.

18. She was walking along the street ___________ suddenly someone robbed her of her handbag.

19. ___________ she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.

20. We waited ___________ he finished his work.

21. No decision has been made, and ___________ the situation remains unclear.

22. Carl didn’t study law. ___________, he decided to become an actor.

23. I told you to shut the door, you didn’t shut is ___________.

24. I don’t like this coat and, ___________, it costs too much.

25. I understand your situation and the problem you are facing is common among us teenagers. ___________, it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt your mother’s feelings.

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二、語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

With the rapid development of economy and insurance, China is seen as one of the safest ???1 ???(place) in the world for foreign visitors, according to an international security report.

In the new Travel Risk Map 2018, the country ???2 ???(list) as having a “l(fā)ow” travel risk. The report, now in ???3 ???(it) eighth year, is compiled and posted ???4 ???(annual) by International SOS, and global risk and strategic consulting firm Control Risks. China has become ???5 ???fourth most popular destination for tourists worldwide, with more than 60 million trips made by people from other countries last year, according to the United Nations World Tourism Organization.

Maria Pelayo, 24, of Madrid, said she was impressed ???6 ???China’s order and safety, ???7 ???has made her feel much ???8 ???(safe) than in the United States or Turkey, which she also has visited. She said she didn’t feel like she ???9 ???(be) in any danger in Beijing, as she saw efforts from professionals, including volunteers on streets, police officers on patrol and security staff in the subways, ???10 ???(keep) order.

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三、佳作欣賞 下面是一篇摘自全國(guó)英語(yǔ)高考書(shū)面表達(dá)的范文，文中有許多精彩且靈活的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，其中也包含有并列連詞、從屬連詞和關(guān)聯(lián)副詞的使用，用心體會(huì)其用法。

To enrich the students’ school life, our school held the annual art week in the first week of December. There were various activities including singing, dancing on the stage, a game of tug-of-war on the playground and so on. Besides, the students put waste paper to artistic use by coloring and crafting some things, such as flowers, cards, etc. The most attractive part of the art week was that some students made a map of China with leaves. Therefore, the students benefited a lot from these activities as some of them showed their hidden talents by singing, dancing, drawing, made friends and, above all, they freed themselves from endless homework and exams.

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參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空

1. who? 2. whom? 3. who? 4. who? 5. Whether? 6. Who? 7. whether? 8. whose? 9. whichever? 10. how? 11. why? 12. that? 13. where? 14. that? 15. what? 16. what? 17. Although? 18. when? 19. Once? 20. till/until? 21. thus/therefore? 22. Instead? 23. though? 24. besides? 25. However

二、語(yǔ)法填空

本文主要講中國(guó)被外國(guó)游客視為世界上最安全的地方之一。

1. places? 考查名詞的數(shù)。由“one of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”可知填places。

2. is listed? 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子主語(yǔ)the country與list是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；根據(jù)上下文可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is listed。

3. its? 考查代詞。在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，用形容詞性物主代詞its。

4. annually? 考查詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞posted用副詞。

5. the? 考查冠詞。序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the。

6. by? 考查介詞。因be impressed by…為固定搭配，意為“被……所感動(dòng)”。

7. which? 考查連詞。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用which。

8. safer? 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。由下文than可知用比較級(jí)。

9. was? 考查時(shí)態(tài)。由said和didn’t可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

10. to keep? 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。

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