重難點分析

引用別人的話有兩種方式，一種是直接引用別人原句，這叫直接引語，要用引號；另一種是用自己的話來轉(zhuǎn)述別人話，且不能用引號，這是間接引語。

一、直接引語和間接引語的區(qū)別

直接引語

直接引述別人的話，用雙引號(“ ”)

間接引語

轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不用雙引號

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二、直接引語改為間接引語時，如引述動詞為過去時，間接引語中的動詞、時間、時態(tài)、地點、人稱等一般要作相應(yīng)的變化。遵循下列規(guī)律：

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在直接引語中

在間接引語中

指示代詞

this

that

these

those

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時間狀語

now

then

today

that day

yesterday

the day before

last week

the week before

tomorrow

the next day

next year

the next year

two days ago

two days before

地點狀語

here

there

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動詞時態(tài)

(以work為例)

一般現(xiàn)在時(work)

一般過去時(worked)

現(xiàn)在進行時(is/are working)

過去進行時(was/were working)

現(xiàn)在完成時(have/has worked)

過去完成時(had worked)

一般過去時(worked)

過去完成時(had worked)

過去完成時(had worked)

(不變) (had worked)

一般將來時(will work)

過去將來時(would work)

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動詞變化

can/may

could/might

must

had to

come

go

bring

take

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三、各種句型的直接引語改成間接引語時的相應(yīng)變化

句型

變化要領(lǐng)

例句

陳述句

連接詞用that，在口語中可省略

She said, “He will be ? busy.”→ She said that he would be busy.

一般疑問句

連接詞用if或whether，改為陳述語序

She said to Tom, “Can you ? help me?”

→ She asked Tom if/whether ? he could help her.

特殊疑問句

用原句中的疑問詞作連接詞，改為陳述語序

The teacher asked, “How ? did you repair it?”

→ The teacher asked me how ? I had repaired it.

祈使句

用“動詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

The mother said, “Tom, get ? up early, please.”

→ The mother asked Tom to ? get up early.

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四、直接引語變間接引語時，幾種不變的特殊情況

不變的情況

例句

直接引語是客觀真理或諺(習(xí))語

The teacher said, “The ? earth goes around the sun.”

→ The teacher said that ? the earth goes around the sun.

被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的、習(xí)慣性的動作或說話時情況仍然存在

He said, “We are still ? students.”

→ He said they are still ? students.

引語中有明確的表示過去的時間狀語，時態(tài)不變

He said to me, “I was born ? in 1998.”

→ He told me that he was ? born in 1998.

引述部分含有insist, suggest, demand等引導(dǎo)的虛擬賓語從句，變間接引語時，引語中的主從句時態(tài)都不變

She said, “He demanded ? that the girl leave at once.”

→ She said he demanded ? that the girl leave at once.

引述動詞是現(xiàn)在時，則間接引語中的動詞、時間狀語、時態(tài)的形式不變

She says, “I’ll never ? forget the moment.”

→ She says that she’ll ? never forget the moment.

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五、其他注意事項

1. 直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為tell, ask, order, beg等。如：

“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children. → She told/ordered the children not to make any noise.

2. 直接引語如果是以Let’s開頭的祈使句，變間接引語時，常用suggest+動名詞(或從句)。如：

He said, “Let’s go to the library.” → He suggested going to the library.

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考點練透

一、完成句子 用適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~、副詞或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”

→ My father said practice ___________ perfect.

2. The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.”

→ The boy told us he usually ___________ at six every day.

3. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1997.”

→ The engineer said he ___________ at college in 1997.

4. My uncle said, “I sowed my carrot seed yesterday.”

→ My uncle said ______________________ carrot seed _______________.

5. The farmers said, “We picked these cabbages three days ago.”

→ The farmers said that ______________________ cabbages _______________.

6. He asked me, “What’s the weather going to be like tomorrow?”

→ He asked me _________ the weather _____________ to be like _____________.

7. The teacher said to us, “Light travels much faster than sound.”

→ The teacher _________ light __________________________.

8. She said to me, “I have left my fork in your room.”

→ She ______________ that ______________ fork in _____________.

9. He said, “I will come here tonight.”

→ He said that __________________________.

10. “Did you plant rice last week?” he said to us.

→ He _______________ planted rice __________.

11. “Are you ready, children?” asked Mrs. Li.

→ Mrs. Li asked _____________________ ready.

12. “Where is your brother living now?” he asked.

→ He asked ______________ brother ________ living ________.

13. She said, “How many times do you harvest crops every year, Mike?”

→ She asked _______ how many times ___________ crops every year.

14. “Can I borrow this book of yours, Miss Gao?” asked the boy.

?? → The boy asked Miss Gao _________ borrow _________ of _________.

15. “How long did it take you to remove the weeds?” he asked the farmers.

→ He asked the farmers how long ____________________ the weeds.

16. “Please have a rest,” the farmer said to us.

→ The farmer ____________________ a rest.

17. One of the students said, “Let me go on with the farm work, Uncle Wang.”

→ One of the students ___________ Uncle Wang _____________ with the farm work.

18. “Don’t take off your blouse,” Lily said to Lucy.

→ Lily asked Lucy __________________ blouse.

19. She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”

→She said that __________________ in five minutes.

20. “You have finished the homework, haven’t you?” my mother asked.

→My mother asked me __________________ the homework.

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二、語法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Dad was always full of advice. One of the biggest lessons he taught me one summer was about having ????1 ????strong work ethic. When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed lawns during the summer ????2? ???(earn) pocket money.

Every time we went to work, my dad was there to watch. I used to wonder ????3? ???he came with us. One day we were cutting our neighbor’s yard. He always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. That afternoon, I was finishing the work and was ????4? ???(tire). I was just about to turn off the mower ????5 ????I saw Dad pointing to some grass. I thought about how little I was getting paid for cutting grass so high that it almost broke the mower. I ignored him and kept walking. Dad called me ????6 ????(loud), “You missed a piece.”

I frowned, ????7 ????(hope) he would go home. He kept pointing. So worn and discouraged, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I said to myself, “That one piece isn’t hurting anyone. Why won’t he just let ????8? ???go?”

Other neighbors took notice of the good work that we did and we soon got more business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five.

The lesson my dad taught me stayed with me: be ????9 ????(profession). Give your customers the kind of service you would like to receive. It shows how sincere you are and how much pride you take ????10 ????your work.

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三、佳作欣賞 下面是一篇摘自全國英語高考書面表達的范文，文中有許多精彩且靈活的語言表達，用心體會其用法。

Nowadays a growing number of teenagers are online for at least 6 hours a day, continuously using the chatting-rooms or tirelessly playing games. Worried parents choose to send their children to so-called “Salvation Training Camp”.

I am strongly against the measures some Salvation Training Camps take to treat the web addicts. Firstly, restriction of personal freedom doesn’t help them to build their self-confidence. Secondly, physical punishments may make the problem more serious.

In my opinion, proper guidance is the best way to cure web addicts. On one hand, they should be guided to use the internet in a healthy way rather than be strictly prohibited from going online. On the other hand, we should try our best to encourage them to distract their attention from the web by instructing them to do some more meaningful things in their spare time. Only by doing this can we cure them thoroughly and effectively.

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參考答案

考點練透

一、完成句子

1. makes? 2. gets up? 3. was?

4. that he had sowed his; the day before?

5. they had picked those; three days before?

6. what; was going; the next day?

7. told us; travels much faster than sound?

8. told me; she had left her; my room?

9. he would go there that night?

10. asked us if/whether we had; the week before?

11. her children if/whether they were?

12. me where my; was; then?

13. Mike; he harvested?

14. if/whether he could; that book; hers?

15. it had taken to remove?

16. asked us to have?

17. asked; to let him go on?

18. not to take off her ?

19. their bus would arrive?

20. whether I had finished

二、語法填空

本文主要講述了爸爸通過修剪草坪這件事讓我明白敬業(yè)的真正意義。

1. a ?考查冠詞。不定冠詞的基本用法。

2. to earn ?考查非謂語動詞。作目的狀語用動詞不定式。

3. why ?考查連接詞。此處why引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

4. tired ?考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。主語是人，故填tired。

5. when ?考查連接詞。此處when引導(dǎo)的并非是時間狀語從句，而是作并列連詞，意為“就在這時”。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be about to do sth…when…意為“某人正要做……就在這時……”。

6. loudly ?考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞called用副詞形式。

7. hoping ?考查非謂語動詞。此處hope作非謂語，作伴隨動作，邏輯主語是I，故填現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

8. it ?考查代詞。缺賓語填代詞。it在此指代前面的that one piece。

9. professional ?考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。作表語用形容詞形式。

10. in ?考查介詞。習(xí)慣搭配，表在工作中常用介詞in。

助讀詞匯

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frown vi. 皺眉?????????????????????????????? mow vt. 修剪

lawn n. 草地；草坪?????????????????????????? client n. 客戶

work ethic 職業(yè)道德????????????????????????? call sb. over 叫某人過來

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