【背景介紹】本題爭論的焦點在選B還是選C。學(xué)校提供的答案以及網(wǎng)上（例如菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)和學(xué)科網(wǎng)）給出的答案均不相同。

【原文原題】

B

[1] North Americans value independence, and Europeans value togetherness. I never fully understood that stereotype until two months ago, when I left Canada for a 4-month period in a lab in France. On my first day, Pierre, a Ph. D. student, tapped me on my shoulder and asked: “Coffee?” I nodded and followed him to the common room, where other grad students were filing in. I sat there, cautiously sipping the bitter liquid and trying hard not to reveal my uncultured tastes, while lab chatter filled the air.

[2]?①Coffee breaks are a ceremonial part of lab culture here.?②The chatter sometimes turns to serious scientific topics.?③But mostly, the meet-ups offer a chance to wind down, to share stories about life inside and outside the lab and to sympathize with people who understand what you’re going through.

[3] The lighthearted atmosphere and sense of community is a welcome contrast to my life in Canada, where I spent most of my workdays in isolation. I went into the lab each morning with set goals for my day. At lunch, I’d keep my eyes glued to my computer while I fed forkfuls of salad into my mouth, trying to power through my to-do list. For 9 months, I struggled to figure out why I couldn’t exactly copy the results of another study. I didn’t want to trouble my advisor too much. I was also hesitant to ask my lab mates for help.

[4] How much we were missing! Researchers need community because good ideas don’t just come from reading literature and thinking deep thoughts. It’s helpful to bounce ideas off others, and, to have a venue to share the day-to-day ups and downs of life.

[5] Would coffee breaks have solved all my problems? Probably not. But I think sharing ideas with my peers would have helped solve my research dilemma. My time in France has taught me that it’s important to create space for organic conversations about lab life. A scientist’s life can feel isolating, but it’s not necessarily so when you’re connected to a supportive community.

■?What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A. Cultural ceremonies in France.????????????????B. Various topics of the chatter.

C. The benefits of coffee breaks.?????????????????D. Lab culture in French style.

?【黎叔解析】

? ? 本題是一道段落主旨題，判斷段落主旨的本質(zhì)是比較這段話中句子的大小（即句子的重要性）：如果段落中有最重要的句子，那么這個句子將是本題的答案；如果段落中的句子都是并列關(guān)系，那么需要根據(jù)概括得出答案。

? ??本段由三個句子構(gòu)成，按照“優(yōu)先考慮首句、除非后面有轉(zhuǎn)折或總結(jié)”的原則進(jìn)行比較：

? ??首先，句①“Coffee breaks are a ceremonial part of lab culture here”是一個下定義句，kw是coffee breaks。但是請注意，段落主旨題不同于全文主旨題，正確答案不一定必須包含kw。有學(xué)生不選B的理由是說選項B里面少了kw的限定，但該選項中的the chatter默認(rèn)的范圍肯定特指在文中的coffee breaks中（有時候出題人為了平衡選項的長度必須舍棄一部分限定詞，否則這個B選項就要寫成Various topics of the chatter during coffee breaks這么長才對）。也就是說，這道題我們不太可能是因為“覺得the chatter指代的可能是任何場景中的聊天而不是原文中coffee breaks的聊天”而不選B；如果非要按照這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看待C選項，也應(yīng)該改成“The benefits of coffee breaks of labs in France”或更長才準(zhǔn)確……因此，這道題是否選含有coffee breaks的C選項，還需存疑。

? ??如果句①最大，它作為總括句就需要體現(xiàn)出選項B的topics或選項C的benefits，比如句①寫成“Coffee breaks enjoys lots of topics/benefits”才對。這個下定義句只是從客觀上告訴讀者coffee breaks是實驗室文化的一部分，并不具備“統(tǒng)領(lǐng)”以下各句的概括性，所以句子①不可能是全段的重心。

? ??其次，句②的the chatter顯然縮小了kw的范疇，是在講coffee breaks當(dāng)中聊天話題“偶爾”嚴(yán)肅且學(xué)術(shù)。句③由于有轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志詞but，肯定重要于句②。

? ??綜上，句①對coffee breaks下定義、提供背景知識，不那么重要；句②和句③都在講coffee breaks這種“實驗室社交”中的聊天話題，但重心在句③，因此選項B是正確答案。

? ??但是，這道題部分學(xué)校提供的正確答案是選項C：the benefits of coffee breaks.?我認(rèn)為不準(zhǔn)確，基于以下兩個維度：

一、【段內(nèi)維度】

? ??在認(rèn)定句③是該段重心的前提下，它和句②肯定構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折/對比關(guān)系，除了but，從sometimes和mostly的對應(yīng)中也可以看出這樣的關(guān)系：coffee breaks聊天話題“偶爾”嚴(yán)肅且學(xué)術(shù)，但“通?！眛he meet-ups offer a chance to V1, to V2 and to V3。

? ??根據(jù)句子成分分析，三個并列不定式to do都在修飾a chance。其中the meet-ups同義替換coffee breaks（可以理解成實驗室的“會面”）。如果你認(rèn)為三個并列不定式就是coffee breaks的三個benefits，V1姑且可以算作一個benefit（wind down即relax），但V2（分享實驗室內(nèi)外生活的故事）和V3（和某人產(chǎn)生共情）并不能嚴(yán)格算作benefit。如果我們把a chance理解成聊天topic的替換，則邏輯和意思上都說得通：coffee breaks聊天話題“偶爾”嚴(yán)肅且學(xué)術(shù)，但“通常”這種會面提供V1、V2或V3的機會（=?提供諸如此類的聊天話題）。

二、【段間維度】

? ??根據(jù)系統(tǒng)性思考，我們不妨把這一段放到有上下文的范圍來看：

? ??第一段段末“… while lab chatter filled the air”承上啟下，順接到第二段應(yīng)該介紹lab chatter都有什么樣的話題內(nèi)容。

? ??第三段段首“The lighthearted atmosphere and sense of community is a welcome contrast to my life in Canada, …”也在承上啟下，其中“The lighthearted atmosphere and sense of community”說明了第二段聊天內(nèi)容的benefit，是coffee breaks中的什么產(chǎn)生了這種benefit呢？當(dāng)然就是在第二段句③寫到的那些能讓你放松的、分享實驗室內(nèi)外生活的故事和與別人產(chǎn)生共情的topics了。值得注意的是，這句coffee break的好處“The lighthearted atmosphere and sense of community”后面的謂語動詞用的是單數(shù)is，就說明coffee break的benefit作為整體就一個：“讓人覺得氛圍lighthearted并有community感”。

? ??綜上，若選項C要正確，應(yīng)該寫成benefit of coffee breaks。這個benefit（單數(shù)）的產(chǎn)生是基于和嚴(yán)肅學(xué)術(shù)話題形成對比的那些topics（即chance to V1, to V2 and to V3）（復(fù)數(shù)）。因此，相對來說選項B的topics of the chatter更準(zhǔn)確，更符合第二段的段落主旨。