英文科技論文寫作樣式指南-數(shù)字樣式
英文科技論文寫作樣式指南-數(shù)字樣式
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本文英文內(nèi)容摘自
"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"
第二部分(Part 2. Style Guidelines)
第11章(11. Numbers, Mathematics, and Units of Measure)
第207–210頁
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Style for Numbers
數(shù)字樣式
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?? For ? very large numbers with units of measure, use scientific notation or choose ? an appropriate multiplying prefix for the unit to avoid numbers of more than ? four digits.
?? 對(duì)于具有度量單位的非常大的數(shù)字,請(qǐng)使用科學(xué)記數(shù)法或?yàn)樵搯挝贿x擇適當(dāng)?shù)某朔ㄇ熬Y,以避免數(shù)字超過四位數(shù)。
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例1:1.2 × 106 s
例2:3.0 × 104 kg
例3:5.8 × 10–5 M或58 μM
例4:42.3 L(而非42,300 mL或42 300 mL)
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例外1:
In ? tables, use the same unit and multiplying prefix for all entries in a column, ? even if some entries therefore require four or more digits.
在表格中,對(duì)列中的所有條目使用相同的單位和乘法前綴,即使某些條目因此需要四位或四位以上的位數(shù)。
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例外2:
Use ? the preferred unit of a discipline, even when the numbers require four or ? more digits:
即使數(shù)字需要四位或四位以上的位數(shù),也要使用規(guī)程的首選單位:
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g/L
for ? mass density of fluids
用于流體質(zhì)量密度
kg/m3
for ? mass density of solids
用于固體質(zhì)量密度
GPa
for ? modulus of elasticity
用于彈性模量
kPa
for ? fluid pressure
用于流體壓力
MPa
for ? stress
用于壓力
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?? In ? four-digit numbers, use no commas or spaces.
?? 在四位數(shù)中,切勿使用逗號(hào)或空格。
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例外:
Spaces ? or commas are inserted in four-digit numbers when alignment is needed in a ? column containing numbers of five or more digits.
在包含五位或五位以上位數(shù)的列中需要對(duì)齊時(shí),會(huì)在四位數(shù)字中插入空格或逗號(hào)。
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?? When ? a long number cannot be written in scientific notation, the digits must be ? grouped. For grouping of digits in long numbers (five digits or greater), ? check the publication in which the manuscript will appear. Two styles are ? possible.
?? 當(dāng)一個(gè)長數(shù)字不能用科學(xué)記數(shù)法書寫時(shí),必須對(duì)位數(shù)進(jìn)行分組。如果要將位數(shù)分組為長數(shù)字(五位或五位以上),請(qǐng)檢查手稿將出現(xiàn)的出版物??捎袃煞N樣式。
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樣式1:
In ? some publications, for numbers with five or more digits, the digits are ? grouped with commas placed between groups of three counting to the left of ? the decimal point.
在一些出版物中,對(duì)于有五位或五位以上位數(shù)的數(shù)字,數(shù)字用逗號(hào)分組,逗號(hào)位于小數(shù)點(diǎn)左側(cè)的三位數(shù)字之間。
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例1:4837
例2:10,000
例3:930,582
例4:6,398,210
例5:85,798.62578
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樣式2:
In ? some publications (including ACS journals), for numbers with five or more ? digits, the digits are grouped with a thin space between groups of three, ? counting both to the left and to the right of the decimal point.
在一些出版物(包括ACS期刊)中,對(duì)于具有五位或五位以上位數(shù)的數(shù)字,數(shù)字以三位為一組用窄空格進(jìn)行分組,從小數(shù)點(diǎn)的左側(cè)和右側(cè)計(jì)數(shù)。
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例1:9319.4
例2:74 183.0629
例3:0.508 27
例4:501 736.293 810 4
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例外:
??? U.S. ? monetary values are always written with commas: $5,000.
??? 美國貨幣價(jià)值總是用逗號(hào)書寫:$5,000。
??? U.S. ? patent numbers are always written with commas: U.S. Patent 6,555,655. The ? patent numbers of other countries should be presented as on the original ? patent document.
??? 美國專利號(hào)總是用逗號(hào)書寫:U.S. ? Patent 6,555,655。其它國家的專利號(hào)應(yīng)與原始專利文件相同。
??? Page ? numbers in reference citations are always printed solid: p 11597.
??? 引用文獻(xiàn)中的頁碼總是用實(shí)體印刷:p ? 11597。
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?? Use ? the period as the decimal point, never a comma.
?? 使用句點(diǎn)作為小數(shù)點(diǎn),而非逗號(hào)。
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?? Use ? numerals before and after a decimal point.
?? 小數(shù)點(diǎn)前后使用數(shù)字。
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例1:0.25(而非 .25)
例2:78.0或78(而非 78.)
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?? Use a ? decimal and a zero following a numeral only when such usage truly represents ? the precision of the measurement: 27.0 °C and 27 °C are not interchangeable.
?? 僅當(dāng)這種用法真正代表測量精度時(shí),才使用小數(shù)和數(shù)字后面的零:27.0 ? °C和27 °C不可互換。
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?? Use ? decimals rather than fractions with units of time or measure, except when ? doing so would imply an unwarranted accuracy.
?? 對(duì)于時(shí)間或度量的單位,使用小數(shù)而非分?jǐn)?shù),除非這樣做意味著不合理的準(zhǔn)確性。
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例1:3.5 h(而非3? h)
例2:5.25 g(而非5? g)
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?? Standard ? deviation, standard error, or degree of accuracy can be given in two ways:
?? 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差或準(zhǔn)確度可通過兩種方式給出:
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??? with ? only the deviation in the least significant digit(s) placed in parentheses ? following the main number and closed up to it or
??? 只有最低有效數(shù)字的偏差放在主數(shù)字后面并一直到主數(shù)字的括號(hào)中,或者
??? with ? all digits preceded by a ± and following the main number. Spaces are left on ? each side of the ±.
??? 所有數(shù)字前面都加上±并后跟主數(shù)字。±的每一側(cè)都有空格。
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例1:2.0089(1)表示2.0089 ± 0.0001
例2:1.4793(23)表示1.4793 ± 0.0023
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The ? shorter version is better in tables. Always specify which measure (e.g., ? standard deviation or standard error) of uncertainty is being used.
表格中的版本越短越好。始終指定使用的不確定度度量(例如,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差)。
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??? When ? two numbered items are cited in narrative, use “and”.
??? 當(dāng)敘述中引用兩個(gè)編號(hào)條目時(shí),使用“and”。
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例1:Figures 1 and 2
例2:refs 23 and 24
例3:compounds I and II
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??? Use a ? comma between two reference callouts in parentheses or as superscripts.
??? 在括號(hào)中的兩個(gè)引用標(biāo)注之間使用逗號(hào)或作為上標(biāo)。
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例1:Lewis (12, 13) found
例2:Lewis12,13 found
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When ? the reference numbers are on the line, the comma is followed by a space; when ? the numbers are superscripts, the comma is not followed by a space.
當(dāng)引文編號(hào)在行中時(shí),逗號(hào)后跟空格;當(dāng)引文編號(hào)為上標(biāo)時(shí),逗號(hào)后無空格。
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??? Use ? an en dash in ranges or series of three or more numbered items, whether on ? the line or in a superscript.
??? 在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上編號(hào)條目的范圍或系列中使用連接號(hào),無論是在行中還是上標(biāo)中。
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43–49???????????????????????????????????????????????????? aliquots of 50–100 mL
325–372???????????????????????????????????????????????? eqs 6–9
2005–2008???????????????????????????????????????????? samples 5–10
Tables 1–4????????????????????????????????????????????? past results (27–31)
temperatures of 100–125 °C????????????????? past results27–31
refs 3–5????????????????????????????????????????????????? pp 165–172
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例外1:
Do ? not use an en dash in expressions with the words “from … to” or “between … ? and”.
在使用單詞“from ? … to”或“between ? … and”的表達(dá)中切勿使用連接號(hào)。
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例1:from 20 to 80(而非from 20–80)
例2:between 50 and 100 mL(而非between 50–100 mL)
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例外2:
When ? either one or both numbers are negative or include a symbol that modifies the ? number, use the word “to” or “through”, not the en dash.
當(dāng)一個(gè)或兩個(gè)數(shù)字都為負(fù)數(shù)或包含一個(gè)修飾數(shù)字的符號(hào)時(shí),請(qǐng)使用單詞“to”或“through”,而不是連接號(hào)。
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例1:–20 to +120 K
例2:–145 to –30 °C
例3:≈50 to 60
例4:10 to >600 mL
例5:<5 to 15 mg
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??? For ? ranges in scientific notation, retain all parts of all numbers or avoid ? ambiguity by use of parentheses or other enclosing marks.
??? 對(duì)于科學(xué)記數(shù)法中的范圍,保留所有數(shù)字的所有部分,或者使用括號(hào)或其它封閉標(biāo)記來避免歧義。
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例1:9.2 × 10–3 to 12.6 × 10–3或(9.2–12.6) × 10–3(而非9.2 to 12.6 × 10–3)
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??? For ? very large numbers in ranges, retain all parts of all numbers.
??? 對(duì)于范圍中非常大的數(shù)字,保留所有數(shù)字的所有部分。
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例1:26 million to 35 million
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??? Do ? not use e or E to mean “multiplied by the power of 10”.
??? 切勿用e或E來表示“乘以10的冪次方”。
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例1:3.7 × 105(而非 3.7e5, 3.7E+5)
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