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英文科技論文寫作樣式指南-數(shù)字樣式

2023-08-13 08:10 作者:DJ_Tokyo  | 我要投稿

英文科技論文寫作樣式指南-數(shù)字樣式

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本文英文內(nèi)容摘自

"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"

第二部分(Part 2. Style Guidelines

11章(11. Numbers, Mathematics, and Units of Measure

207–210

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Style for Numbers

數(shù)字樣式

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?? For ? very large numbers with units of measure, use scientific notation or choose ? an appropriate multiplying prefix for the unit to avoid numbers of more than ? four digits.

?? 對(duì)于具有度量單位的非常大的數(shù)字,請(qǐng)使用科學(xué)記數(shù)法或?yàn)樵搯挝贿x擇適當(dāng)?shù)某朔ㄇ熬Y,以避免數(shù)字超過四位數(shù)。

?

11.2 × 106 s

23.0 × 104 kg

35.8 × 10–5 M58 μM

442.3 L(而非42,300 mL42 300 mL

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例外1

In ? tables, use the same unit and multiplying prefix for all entries in a column, ? even if some entries therefore require four or more digits.

在表格中,對(duì)列中的所有條目使用相同的單位和乘法前綴,即使某些條目因此需要四位或四位以上的位數(shù)。

?

例外2

Use ? the preferred unit of a discipline, even when the numbers require four or ? more digits:

即使數(shù)字需要四位或四位以上的位數(shù),也要使用規(guī)程的首選單位:

?

g/L

for ? mass density of fluids

用于流體質(zhì)量密度

kg/m3

for ? mass density of solids

用于固體質(zhì)量密度

GPa

for ? modulus of elasticity

用于彈性模量

kPa

for ? fluid pressure

用于流體壓力

MPa

for ? stress

用于壓力

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?? In ? four-digit numbers, use no commas or spaces.

?? 在四位數(shù)中,切勿使用逗號(hào)或空格。

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例外:

Spaces ? or commas are inserted in four-digit numbers when alignment is needed in a ? column containing numbers of five or more digits.

在包含五位或五位以上位數(shù)的列中需要對(duì)齊時(shí),會(huì)在四位數(shù)字中插入空格或逗號(hào)。

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?? When ? a long number cannot be written in scientific notation, the digits must be ? grouped. For grouping of digits in long numbers (five digits or greater), ? check the publication in which the manuscript will appear. Two styles are ? possible.

?? 當(dāng)一個(gè)長數(shù)字不能用科學(xué)記數(shù)法書寫時(shí),必須對(duì)位數(shù)進(jìn)行分組。如果要將位數(shù)分組為長數(shù)字(五位或五位以上),請(qǐng)檢查手稿將出現(xiàn)的出版物??捎袃煞N樣式。

?

樣式1

In ? some publications, for numbers with five or more digits, the digits are ? grouped with commas placed between groups of three counting to the left of ? the decimal point.

在一些出版物中,對(duì)于有五位或五位以上位數(shù)的數(shù)字,數(shù)字用逗號(hào)分組,逗號(hào)位于小數(shù)點(diǎn)左側(cè)的三位數(shù)字之間。

?

14837

210,000

3930,582

46,398,210

585,798.62578

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樣式2

In ? some publications (including ACS journals), for numbers with five or more ? digits, the digits are grouped with a thin space between groups of three, ? counting both to the left and to the right of the decimal point.

在一些出版物(包括ACS期刊)中,對(duì)于具有五位或五位以上位數(shù)的數(shù)字,數(shù)字以三位為一組用窄空格進(jìn)行分組,從小數(shù)點(diǎn)的左側(cè)和右側(cè)計(jì)數(shù)。

?

19319.4

274 183.0629

30.508 27

4501 736.293 810 4

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例外:

??? U.S. ? monetary values are always written with commas: $5,000.

??? 美國貨幣價(jià)值總是用逗號(hào)書寫:$5,000。

??? U.S. ? patent numbers are always written with commas: U.S. Patent 6,555,655. The ? patent numbers of other countries should be presented as on the original ? patent document.

??? 美國專利號(hào)總是用逗號(hào)書寫:U.S. ? Patent 6,555,655。其它國家的專利號(hào)應(yīng)與原始專利文件相同。

??? Page ? numbers in reference citations are always printed solid: p 11597.

??? 引用文獻(xiàn)中的頁碼總是用實(shí)體印刷:p ? 11597。

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?? Use ? the period as the decimal point, never a comma.

?? 使用句點(diǎn)作為小數(shù)點(diǎn),而非逗號(hào)。

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?? Use ? numerals before and after a decimal point.

?? 小數(shù)點(diǎn)前后使用數(shù)字。

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10.25(而非 .25

278.078(而非 78.

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?? Use a ? decimal and a zero following a numeral only when such usage truly represents ? the precision of the measurement: 27.0 °C and 27 °C are not interchangeable.

?? 僅當(dāng)這種用法真正代表測量精度時(shí),才使用小數(shù)和數(shù)字后面的零:27.0 ? °C27 °C不可互換。

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?? Use ? decimals rather than fractions with units of time or measure, except when ? doing so would imply an unwarranted accuracy.

?? 對(duì)于時(shí)間或度量的單位,使用小數(shù)而非分?jǐn)?shù),除非這樣做意味著不合理的準(zhǔn)確性。

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13.5 h(而非3? h

25.25 g(而非5? g

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?? Standard ? deviation, standard error, or degree of accuracy can be given in two ways:

?? 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差或準(zhǔn)確度可通過兩種方式給出:

?

??? with ? only the deviation in the least significant digit(s) placed in parentheses ? following the main number and closed up to it or

??? 只有最低有效數(shù)字的偏差放在主數(shù)字后面并一直到主數(shù)字的括號(hào)中,或者

??? with ? all digits preceded by a ± and following the main number. Spaces are left on ? each side of the ±.

??? 所有數(shù)字前面都加上±并后跟主數(shù)字。±的每一側(cè)都有空格。

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12.0089(1)表示2.0089 ± 0.0001

21.4793(23)表示1.4793 ± 0.0023

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The ? shorter version is better in tables. Always specify which measure (e.g., ? standard deviation or standard error) of uncertainty is being used.

表格中的版本越短越好。始終指定使用的不確定度度量(例如,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差)。

?

??? When ? two numbered items are cited in narrative, use “and”.

??? 當(dāng)敘述中引用兩個(gè)編號(hào)條目時(shí),使用“and”。

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1Figures 1 and 2

2refs 23 and 24

3compounds I and II

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??? Use a ? comma between two reference callouts in parentheses or as superscripts.

??? 在括號(hào)中的兩個(gè)引用標(biāo)注之間使用逗號(hào)或作為上標(biāo)。

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1Lewis (12, 13) found

2Lewis12,13 found

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When ? the reference numbers are on the line, the comma is followed by a space; when ? the numbers are superscripts, the comma is not followed by a space.

當(dāng)引文編號(hào)在行中時(shí),逗號(hào)后跟空格;當(dāng)引文編號(hào)為上標(biāo)時(shí),逗號(hào)后無空格。

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??? Use ? an en dash in ranges or series of three or more numbered items, whether on ? the line or in a superscript.

??? 在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上編號(hào)條目的范圍或系列中使用連接號(hào),無論是在行中還是上標(biāo)中。

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43–49???????????????????????????????????????????????????? aliquots of 50–100 mL

325–372???????????????????????????????????????????????? eqs 6–9

2005–2008???????????????????????????????????????????? samples 5–10

Tables 1–4????????????????????????????????????????????? past results (27–31)

temperatures of 100–125 °C????????????????? past results27–31

refs 3–5????????????????????????????????????????????????? pp 165–172

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例外1

Do ? not use an en dash in expressions with the words “from … to” or “between … ? and”.

在使用單詞“from ? … to”或“between ? … and”的表達(dá)中切勿使用連接號(hào)。

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1from 20 to 80(而非from 20–80

2between 50 and 100 mL(而非between 50–100 mL

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例外2

When ? either one or both numbers are negative or include a symbol that modifies the ? number, use the word “to” or “through”, not the en dash.

當(dāng)一個(gè)或兩個(gè)數(shù)字都為負(fù)數(shù)或包含一個(gè)修飾數(shù)字的符號(hào)時(shí),請(qǐng)使用單詞“to”或“through”,而不是連接號(hào)。

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1–20 to +120 K

2–145 to –30 °C

3≈50 to 60

410 to >600 mL

5<5 to 15 mg

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??? For ? ranges in scientific notation, retain all parts of all numbers or avoid ? ambiguity by use of parentheses or other enclosing marks.

??? 對(duì)于科學(xué)記數(shù)法中的范圍,保留所有數(shù)字的所有部分,或者使用括號(hào)或其它封閉標(biāo)記來避免歧義。

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19.2 × 10–3 to 12.6 × 10–3(9.2–12.6) × 10–3(而非9.2 to 12.6 × 10–3

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??? For ? very large numbers in ranges, retain all parts of all numbers.

??? 對(duì)于范圍中非常大的數(shù)字,保留所有數(shù)字的所有部分。

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126 million to 35 million

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??? Do ? not use e or E to mean “multiplied by the power of 10”.

??? 切勿用eE來表示“乘以10的冪次方”。

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13.7 × 105(而非 3.7e5, 3.7E+5

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英文科技論文寫作樣式指南-數(shù)字樣式的評(píng)論 (共 條)

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