英文科技論文寫作樣式指南-數(shù)字和單詞用法

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本文英文內(nèi)容摘自

"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"

第二部分（Part 2. Style Guidelines）

第11章（11. Numbers, Mathematics, and Units of Measure）

第203–207頁

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Numeral and Word Usage

數(shù)字和單詞用法

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?? Use ? numerals with units of time or measure, and use a space between the numeral ? and the unit, except %, $, ° (angular degrees), ′ (angular minutes), and ″ ? (angular seconds).

?? 使用帶有時(shí)間或度量單位的數(shù)字，并在數(shù)字和單位之間使用空格，除了%、$、°（角度）、′（角分）和″（角秒）。

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6 min???????????????????????????????? 25 mL??????????????????????????????? 125 V/s

0.30 g??????????????????????????????? 50%?????????????????????????????????? $250

273 K??????????????????????????????? 47°8′23″??????????????????????????? 180°（但是180 °C）

90 °F???????????????????????????????? 50 μg of compound/dL of water

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例外：

Spell ? out numbers with units of measure used in a nontechnical sense.

非技術(shù)意義上使用的度量單位拼寫數(shù)字。

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If ? you take five minutes to read this article, you’ll be surprised.

若花五分鐘時(shí)間閱讀本文，你會(huì)感到驚訝。

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?? With ? items other than units of time or measure, use words for cardinal numbers ? less than 10; use numerals for 10 and above. Spell out ordinals “first” ? through “ninth”; use numerals for 10th or greater.

?? 對(duì)于時(shí)間或度量單位以外的條目，基數(shù)小于10使用單詞；10及以上使用數(shù)字。拼寫出序數(shù)“first”到“ninth”；使用數(shù)字表示10th或更大。

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three flasks?????????????????????????????? 30 flasks

third flask???????????????????????????????? 12th flask

seven trees??????????????????????????????? 10 trees

eighth example???????????????????????? 33rd example

first century????????????????????????????? 21st century

sixfold????????????????????????????????????? 20-fold

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例外1：

Use ? all numerals in a series or range containing numbers 10 or greater, even in ? nontechnical text.

包含數(shù)字10或以上的系列或范圍中均使用數(shù)字，即使在非技術(shù)文本中也是如此。

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例1：5, 8, and 12 experiments

例2：2nd and 20th samples

例3：5–15 repetitions

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例外2：

Use ? all numerals for numbers modifying nouns in parallel construction in the same ? sentence if one of the numbers is 10 or greater.

如果其中一個(gè)數(shù)字大于或等于10，則在同一句子中用平行結(jié)構(gòu)修飾名詞的數(shù)字均使用數(shù)字。

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例1：Activity was reduced in 2 pairs, not significantly changed in 11 pairs, and increased in 6 pairs.

例2：We present new results pertaining to 12 phenanthrolines and 3 porphyrins.

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例外3：

For ? very large numbers used in a nontechnical sense, use a combination of numerals ? and words.

對(duì)于非技術(shù)意義上使用的非常大的數(shù)字，請(qǐng)使用數(shù)字和單詞的組合。

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例1：1 billion tons

例2：180 million people

例3：2 million pounds (而非lb)

例4：4.5 billion years

例5：$15 million (而非15 million dollars)

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?? When ? a sentence starts with a specific quantity, spell out the number as well as ? the unit of measure.

?? 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子以一個(gè)特定數(shù)量開頭時(shí)，拼寫出數(shù)字和度量單位。

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例1：Twelve species were evaluated in this study.

例2：Twenty slides of each blood sample were prepared.

例3：Fifteen milliliters of supernate was added to the reaction vessel.

例4：Twenty-five milliliters of acetone was added, and the mixture was centrifuged.

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However, ? if possible, recast the sentence.

但是，若有可能，則改寫這個(gè)句子。

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示例：

Acetone (25 mL) was added, and the mixture was centrifuged.

A 25 mL portion of acetone was added, and the mixture was centrifuged.

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?? Even ? when a sentence starts with a spelled-out quantity, use numerals when ? appropriate in the rest of the sentence.

?? 即使一個(gè)句子以拼寫的數(shù)量開頭，也要在句子的其余部分適當(dāng)使用數(shù)字。

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例1：Twenty-five milliliters of acetone and 5 mL of HCl were added.

例2：Three micrograms of sample was dissolved in 20 mL of acid.

例3：Fifty samples were collected, but only 22 were tested.

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?? Use ? numerals for expressions used in a mathematical sense.

?? 用數(shù)字表示數(shù)學(xué)意義上的表達(dá)式。

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例1：The incidence of disease increased by a factor of 4.

例2：The yield of product was decreased by 6 orders of magnitude.

例3：The efficiency of the reaction was increased 2-fold.

例4：After 2 half-lives, the daughter product could be measured.

例5：The control group had 3 times the risk for colon cancer.

例6：The values are determined with 5 degrees of freedom.

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?? When ? the suffix “fold” is used in a nonmathematical sense, spell out the ? accompanying number if it is less than 10.

?? 當(dāng)后綴“fold”在非數(shù)學(xué)意義上使用時(shí)，若它小于10，請(qǐng)拼寫出所附數(shù)字。

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例1：The purpose of this discussion is twofold.

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?? When ? the word “times” is used in a nonmathematical sense, spell out the ? accompanying number if it is less than 10.

?? 當(dāng)單詞“times”在非數(shù)學(xué)意義上使用時(shí)，若它小于10，請(qǐng)拼寫出所附數(shù)字。

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例1：The beaker was rinsed four times.

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?? Use ? numerals in ratios.

?? 在比率中使用數(shù)字。

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例1：a ratio of 1:10

例2：a ratio of 1/10

例3：a 1:1 (v/v) mixture

例4：a 1/1 (v/v) mixture

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?? In ? dates, use numerals without ordinal endings.

?? 在日期中，使用不帶序數(shù)詞尾的數(shù)字。

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例1：January 3, Jan 3 (而非January 3rd, Jan 3rd)

例2：September 5, Sept 5 (而非September 5th, Sept 5th)

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?? Use ? numerals for decades, and form their plurals by adding an “s”. Do not use ? apostrophes in any position.

?? 對(duì)于幾十年請(qǐng)使用數(shù)字，并通過添加“s”形成復(fù)數(shù)。不要在任何位置使用撇號(hào)。

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例1：the 1960s (而非the 1960’s, not the ’60s)

例2：values in the 90s (而非the 90’s)

例3：She is in her 20s. (而非her 20’s)

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?? Use ? numerals with a.m. and p.m.

?? 與a.m.和p.m.一起時(shí)使用數(shù)字。

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例1：12:15 a.m.

例2：4:00 p.m.

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?? Spell ? out and hyphenate fractions whose terms are both less than 10. If one of the ? terms is 10 or greater, use a piece fraction.

?? 拼寫出術(shù)語都小于10的分?jǐn)?shù)并用連字符連接。如果其中一項(xiàng)為10或更大，則使用一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)。

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例1：one-quarter of the experiments

例2：two-thirds of the results

例3：1??? of the subjects

例4：1??? of the volume

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?? Use ? numerals to label figures, tables, schemes, structures, charts, equations, ? and references. Number sequentially; do not skip numbers or number out of ? sequence. Use arabic numerals for references, but for the other items, the ? use of arabic and roman numerals varies among ACS publications. Consult a ? recent issue or author instructions to determine what system is preferred.

?? 使用數(shù)字標(biāo)記圖形（figure）、表格（table）、方案（scheme）、結(jié)構(gòu)（structure）、圖表（chart）、公式（equation）和參考文獻(xiàn)（reference）。按順序編號(hào)；切勿跳過數(shù)字或數(shù)字不按順序排列。使用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字作為參考文獻(xiàn)，但對(duì)于其它條目，阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字和羅馬數(shù)字的使用因ACS出版物而異。查閱最近的一期或作者說明，以確定首選系統(tǒng)。

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?? In ? journal articles and book chapters, instead of repeating chemical names over ? and over, use numerals in boldface (not italic) type to identify chemical ? species. Use these identifiers only in text, not in article or chapter ? titles, and number consecutively.

?? 在期刊文章和書籍章節(jié)中，不要反復(fù)重復(fù)化學(xué)名稱，而是使用粗體（而非斜體）數(shù)字來識(shí)別化學(xué)物種。僅在文本中使用這些標(biāo)識(shí)符，而不在文章或章節(jié)標(biāo)題中使用，并連續(xù)編號(hào)。

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例1： This paper describes the syntheses, structures, and stereodynamic behavior of the novel hexacoordinate silicon complexes 1–4.

例2：The cyclization of 1,3,5-hexatriene (6) to 1,3-cyclohexadiene (7) is predicted to proceed more rapidly in an electrostatic field.

例3：Complexes 8–12, in the presence of monoamine oxidase, produce active catalysts for propylene polymerization.

例4：Primary amines 2–5, 7, and 9 gave the same Cotton effect signs, depending on the configuration.

例5：Monomer III reacts with the initiator (I, Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) via a ring-opening metathesis polymerization mechanism.

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?? Numerals ? may be used to name members of a series.

?? 數(shù)字可以用來命名一個(gè)系列的成員。

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例1：Sample 1 contained a high level of contamination, but samples 2 and 3 were relatively pure.

例2：Methods 1 and 2 were used for water-soluble compounds, and methods 3 and 4 were used for oil-soluble compounds.

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?? When ? numerals are used as names and not enumerators, form their plurals by adding ? an apostrophe and “s” to avoid confusion with mathematical expressions and to ? make it clear that the “s” is not part of the name.

?? 當(dāng)數(shù)字用作名稱而非枚舉數(shù)時(shí)，通過添加撇號(hào)（所有格符號(hào)）和“s”來形成復(fù)數(shù)，以避免與數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式混淆，并明確“s”不是名稱的一部分。

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例1：The athlete received five 9’s from the judges.

例2：Boeing 747’s are among the largest airplanes.

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?? Arabic ? numerals in parentheses may be used to enumerate a list of phrases or ? sentences in text. Always use an opening and a closing parenthesis, not one ? alone.

?? 括號(hào)中的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字可以用來列舉文本中的短語或句子列表。始終使用左括號(hào)和右括號(hào)，而不是單個(gè)使用。

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例1：Some advantages of these materials are (1) their electrical properties after pyrolysis, (2) their ability to be modified chemically before pyrolysis, and (3) their abundance and low cost.

例2：The major conclusions are the following: (1) We have further validated the utility of molecular mechanical methods in simulating the kinetics of these reactions. (2) A comparison of the calculated structures with available X-ray structures revealed satisfactory agreement. (3) The combined use of different theoretical approaches permitted characterization of the properties of a new isomer.

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?? Arabic ? numerals followed by periods or enclosed in parentheses may be used to ? enumerate a displayed list of sentences or to number paragraphs. Here are two ? acceptable ways to format a list.

?? 后面跟著句點(diǎn)或括號(hào)中的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字可用于列舉顯示的句子列表或?yàn)槎温渚幪?hào)。這里有兩種可以接受的列表格式。

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例1：

These results suggest the following:

1. Ketones are more acidic than esters.

2. Cyclic carboxylic acids are more acidic than their acyclic analogues.

3. Alkylation of the active methylene carbon reduces the acidity.

例2：

These results suggest the following:

(1) Ketones are more acidic than esters.

(2) Cyclic carboxylic acids are more acidic than their acyclic analogues.

(3) Alkylation of the active methylene carbon reduces the acidity.

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