TED演講者：Marvin Rees / 馬文 · 里斯

演講標(biāo)題：How is your city tackling the climate crisis? / 你所在的城市正在如何應(yīng)對(duì)氣候危機(jī)？

內(nèi)容概要："If we can unlock the full potential of our cities, we can minimize the price the planet pays for hosting us in our growing numbers," says Marvin Rees, the Mayor of Bristol, UK, who understands deeply how cities can help (or hurt) the environment. Rees notes that while sustainable infrastructure already exists in many parts of the world -- like electric buses in Colombia and freshwater reserves in Singapore -- major investments could make similar innovations more far-reaching and successful. He highlights the pivotal role of city mayors in advocating for a "worldwide network of efficient decarbonized cities" that will bring the world closer to its climate goals.

“如果我們能充分發(fā)揮城市的潛力，我們就能將地球?yàn)榻蛹{越來(lái)越多的人類(lèi)而付出的代價(jià)降到最低，”英國(guó)布里斯托爾市長(zhǎng)馬文·里斯（Marvin Rees）說(shuō)。他深知城市給環(huán)境帶來(lái)的好處和壞處。里斯指出，雖然世界上許多地方已經(jīng)有了可持續(xù)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，比如哥倫比亞的電動(dòng)公交車(chē)和新加坡的淡水儲(chǔ)備，但重大投資可以使類(lèi)似的創(chuàng)新更加廣泛和成功。他強(qiáng)調(diào)，市長(zhǎng)們?cè)诔珜?dǎo)建立“全球高效脫碳城市網(wǎng)絡(luò)”方面發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用，這會(huì)使世界更接近其氣候目標(biāo)。

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【1】I have one of the biggest honors that I think any politician could have, in that I was elected the mayor of the place in which I was born and brought up.

我得到了我認(rèn)為任何一個(gè)政治家 都期望得到的榮譽(yù)之一, 那就是,我被選為了 我出生和長(zhǎng)大的地方的 市長(zhǎng)

【2】So that's Bristol in the UK.

這個(gè)地方就是英國(guó)的布里斯托爾。

【3】Well, thank you.

好,謝謝。

【4】And it's a big job.

這是一份艱巨的工作,

【5】From education to housing, to budgets to trash collection to protests to counterprotests, cities are complicated organisms.

從教育到住房, 到預(yù)算到垃圾收集, 到抗議再到反抗議, 城市是一個(gè)很復(fù)雜的生物。

【6】They can be tumultuous, and they can be full of contradiction.

他們可以是混亂的, 也可以是充滿矛盾的。

【7】And as the mayor, I am the accountable person within Bristol.

作為市長(zhǎng),我是布里斯托爾的負(fù)責(zé)人,

【8】The buck stops with me.

責(zé)任都由我來(lái)承擔(dān)。

【9】And that sometimes is even for issues over which I have very little real control or power.

有時(shí)甚至是一些我沒(méi)有真正掌控權(quán) 和權(quán)力的一些問(wèn)題。

【10】And that's fine.

這都沒(méi)關(guān)系。

【11】That's life.

這就是人生。

【12】But I have another constituency to whom I'm accountable, and that's one that is within my city, but reaches beyond my city boundaries.

但我還要對(duì)另一個(gè)選民負(fù)責(zé), 那就是在我城市里面, 但是超越了我城市邊界的那個(gè)。

【13】And that's the planet and the 7.9 billion other people who depend on it for their survival.

那就是地球, 還有其他 79 億靠它生存的人。

【14】We've got ourselves into a situation where it would take 1.7 Earths for our current way of living to be sustainable.

我們已經(jīng)陷入了需要 1.7 個(gè)地球 才能將我們的現(xiàn)狀維持下去的困境。

【15】So something's got to give.

所以,我們必須要付出一些東西。

【16】And I think we all know we ain't getting any more Earths, right?

我覺(jué)得大家都知道我們從地球上 已經(jīng)獲取不了什么了,對(duì)吧？

【17】So inevitably it's us who need to change.

所以不可避免的是我們需要改變。

【18】And as we look around and listen in on the international negotiations, as we look at national inaction too often, there'll be many people wondering how we're going to take this challenge on.

當(dāng)我們環(huán)顧四周,聽(tīng)國(guó)際談判時(shí), 當(dāng)我們經(jīng)?？吹絿?guó)家不作為時(shí), 有很多人會(huì)想 我們將如何面對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),

【19】And even if we're going to be successful.

而且我們到底能否成功。

【20】And I understand it, so many people around the world will be losing hope.

我理解, 世界上會(huì)有很多人失去希望。

【21】But my message today is there is hope, and it's hiding in plain sight.

但是我今天想說(shuō), 希望就藏在我們眼前,

【22】And I believe there's huge hope in our cities.

我認(rèn)為我們的城市有著巨大的希望。

【23】So consider these four numbers.

現(xiàn)在,看看這幾個(gè)數(shù)字。

【24】Three, Cities occupy less than three percent of the Earth's land surface.

三, 城市只占不到 3% 的地球陸地面積,

【25】So we have a small geographical footprint.

所以我們有非常小的地理足跡。

【26】In fact, if you put all the cities of the world together, you could fit them into India.

事實(shí)上, 如果你把世界上所有的城市放在一起, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)印度的大小。

【27】And yet cities are home to over half, 55 percent, of the world's population.

然而,城市有著世界超過(guò)一半, 55% 的人口。

【28】And we anticipate that will grow to two thirds by the middle of this century.

我們預(yù)測(cè)在這個(gè)世紀(jì)中旬, 這會(huì)漲到世界人口的三分之二。

【29】Cities are responsible for around 75 percent of CO2 emissions.

城市的二氧化碳排放量大約是 75% 。

【30】And we're also prodigious emitters of nitrogen dioxide and methane.

我們也是二氧化氮和甲烷的巨大排放源。

【31】And cities consume 80 percent of the world's energy.

還有,城市消耗了世界上 80% 的能源。

【32】But think about this.

但是咱們這樣想想,

【33】That it's the characteristics of cities - their reach, their size, their density, close proximity of the leadership to the people, their adaptability and their capacity for reinvention - that mean that we can actually plan to manage those numbers.

城市的特征 它們的范圍、大小、密度, 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和人們的親密度, 它們的適應(yīng)性, 還有它們改造的能力 這意味著我們其實(shí)可以計(jì)劃控制這些數(shù)字。

【34】That means through our cities, we can actually plan to do more, for more people, with less.

這意味著在我們的城市中, 我們可以用少量資源, 為更多人,做更多事情。

【35】And it's why I say cities are one of the most effective tools we have at our disposal for leveraging efficiency into our relationships with land, energy and waste.

這就是為什么我說(shuō)城市是最有效的工具之一, 我們可以利用效率 來(lái)處理我們和土地的關(guān)系, 能源和廢棄物。

【36】Through our cities, we can increase the efficiency of more human lives more quickly than through any other form of human organization.

在我們的城市里, 我們可以更快提高人類(lèi)生活的效率, 這要比任何其他形式的人類(lèi)組織快。

【37】So we can, for example, house and employ more people on less land, minimizing the pressure on urban sprawl which competes then for land, for nature, while minimizing the distances people have to travel to meet their basic needs.

比如我們可以, 在更少的土地上 為更多的人提供住房和就業(yè), 最大限度地減少城市擴(kuò)張的壓力, 因?yàn)槌鞘袛U(kuò)張會(huì)奪走土地和大自然, 同時(shí)盡量減少 人們?yōu)闈M足基本需求需要走的路程。

【38】Through cities, we can have people sharing energy by sharing buildings and through smart innovations like heat networks.

在城市里,我們可以讓人們通過(guò)同住房子, 和小的創(chuàng)新,來(lái)分享能源。

【39】The density in our cities makes public transport more accessible and more cost-effective.

我們城市的密度 使得公共交通更加便捷, 更加劃算。

【40】And through our cities, we can transform our relationship with energy.

在我們的城市里, 我們可以改變我們和能源的關(guān)系。

【41】We need energy security right now.

我們現(xiàn)在需要的是能源安全。

【42】But cities offer markets of such scale that they make investing in renewables more financially attractive.

城市恰恰提供了這樣規(guī)模的市場(chǎng), 它們使投資可再生能源在經(jīng)濟(jì)上, 更具吸引力。

【43】And think about the opportunities with waste.

想想廢棄物可能帶來(lái)的機(jī)會(huì)。

【44】We can leverage efficiency into the collection and processing of waste while introducing the principles of the circular economy at scale so that resources are recycled, goods are reused and unavoidable waste is processed for energy, for example, food waste for fertilizer.

我們可以利用效率來(lái)收集 和處理廢棄物。 同時(shí),大規(guī)模推行循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)原則, 實(shí)現(xiàn)資源循環(huán)利用, 商品再利用, 以及將不可避免的廢物處理為能源, 比如,食品廢棄物作為肥料。

【45】Now just think about the global potential of a worldwide network of cities scaling up these kinds of efficiencies for over half and coming on two thirds of the world's population.

現(xiàn)在,想想世界范圍內(nèi) 城市的潛力, 為超過(guò)一半的人提高這種效率, 并惠及世界上三分之二的人口。

【46】And here is the hope I mentioned at the beginning.

這就是我之前說(shuō)過(guò)的希望。

【47】You don't have to just imagine that.

你不是僅僅需要想象。

【48】From Freetown to Los Angeles, from Kampala to London, and in many, many cities in between, mayors, city leaders are stepping up and taking action to meet the challenge of the moment.

從弗里敦到洛杉磯, 從坎帕拉到倫敦, 在很多很多中間城市中, 市長(zhǎng)們,城市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們, 都在抓緊行動(dòng), 勇敢面對(duì)當(dāng)下的挑戰(zhàn)。

【49】So take Malm?, a city of just under 350,000 people.

就比如馬爾默吧, 一個(gè)差不多有 35 萬(wàn)人口的城市。

【50】They've developed a heat network that is fed by heat generated by processed waste.

他們研制出了一個(gè)由熱量提供能量, 由處理過(guò)的廢物生產(chǎn)的熱能網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

【51】They intend to be 100 percent powered by renewable or recycled heat by 2030.

他們打算到 2030 年 100% 使用可再生能源 100% 使用可再生能源, 或者可回收熱能。

【52】Oslo is a city that's subsidizing electric vehicles and charging points.

奧斯陸是一個(gè)為電動(dòng)汽車(chē) 和充電站提供補(bǔ)貼的城市。

【53】They have introduced a circular waste management system.

他們引進(jìn)了循環(huán)廢物管理系統(tǒng)。

【54】They've purchased a biogas plant, and nearly 50 percent of all their food waste is recycled.

他們買(mǎi)了一個(gè)沼氣廠, 幾乎百分之五十的食物廢物都被回收了

【55】Singapore is one of the densest cities in the world, but they are a model of green planning.

新加坡是世界上 人口密度最大的城市之一, 但是他們是實(shí)施綠色計(jì)劃的模范。

【56】In recent years, they've introduced huge freshwater reserves and urban gardens that act as the lungs of the city.

近幾年里,他們引進(jìn)了 像是城市的肺一樣巨大的淡水儲(chǔ)備 以及城市花園。

【57】And I have a huge amount of admiration for Bogota as well, one of the densest cities in Latin America.

我也非常崇拜波哥大, 是拉丁美洲人口密度最大的城市之一。

【58】They've introduced the bus rapid transit system.

他們引進(jìn)了快速公交系統(tǒng)。

【59】They're making walking and cycling more accessible, and today, have one of the largest fleets of electric buses in Latin America.

他們讓步行和騎車(chē)變得更方便, 時(shí)至今日,有著拉丁美洲 最大的電動(dòng)巴士車(chē)隊(duì)之一。

【60】And while I have the stage, let me show off a little bit about my own city, Bristol, home to 465,901 people, one of whom is here today.

在我還站在這個(gè)舞臺(tái)的時(shí)候 我想炫耀一下我自己的城市, 布里斯托爾, 465,901 個(gè)人的家, 其中一個(gè)現(xiàn)在就在你們面前。

【61】We have a fantastic reputation for being one of the greenest cities in Europe.

作為歐洲最環(huán)保的城市之一, 我們的聲譽(yù)非常好。

【62】In Bristol, we have a housing crisis.

在布里斯托爾,我們有住房危機(jī)。

【63】We must build homes.

我們必須建房子。

【64】But we're very conscious of the fact that the kind of homes we build and where we build them will be one of the biggest determinants of the price the planet pays for our growth.

但我們很清楚, 我們建的房屋類(lèi)型, 和房子的位置 會(huì)是決定地球?yàn)槲覀兊脑鲩L(zhǎng)付出代價(jià)的 最大決定因素之一。

【65】So we're focused on delivering net-zero homes at higher density on old industrial land in the middle of the city.

因此,我們專(zhuān)注于 在城市中心的老工業(yè)用地上 建設(shè)密度更高的凈零住宅。

【66】This allows us to relieve the pressure for urban sprawl.

這可以讓我們減少 城市擴(kuò)張的壓力。

【67】It allows us to design in active travel and design out car dependency.

可以讓我們?cè)诼眯兄杏懈嘣O(shè)計(jì), 并且設(shè)計(jì)出汽車(chē)的依賴(lài)性。

【68】We're even taking action on the climate consequences of the humble toilet.

我們甚至采取了行動(dòng)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)建樓廁所 對(duì)氣候的影響。

【69】Across our public housing stock, we are replacing bathrooms and we're taking the opportunity to replace the fittings with more water-efficient alternatives, more water-efficient showers, sinks and taps, and more water-efficient toilets.

在我們的公共住宅區(qū)域, 我們正在替換廁所 我們正在利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì), 用更節(jié)水的替代品替換設(shè)備, 更節(jié)水的淋浴器、水槽和水龍頭, 以及更節(jié)水的廁所。

【70】So not all climate change action is full of glamour, is it?

所以,并不是所有的氣候變化行動(dòng) 都充滿魅力,對(duì)嗎？

【71】But we mayors are not just focused on what happens inside our city boundaries.

但是我們市長(zhǎng)們 不是只關(guān)注在城市邊界里面 發(fā)生的事情。

【72】You'll find mayors all over the world are leading beyond their authority.

你可以看到世界上有很多市長(zhǎng) 都在超越他們的職權(quán)。

【73】They're coming together in international networks to set hard target for decarbonization to which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

他們?cè)趪?guó)際中走到一起 去為脫碳制定硬性目標(biāo), 去為自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)。

【74】You'll find hundreds of these city solidarity networks live in the world right now.

你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)百個(gè)這樣的城市團(tuán)結(jié)網(wǎng)絡(luò), 現(xiàn)在存在于這個(gè)世界上。

【75】The Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy is a network of around 12,000 cities.

“氣候與能源市長(zhǎng)全球公約” 是一個(gè)由約 1.2 萬(wàn)個(gè)城市組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

【76】They've made a collective commitment to take action to ensure that 2030 emissions are nearly two gigatons lower than they would otherwise be if we carried on as we are.

他們共同承諾采取行動(dòng) 來(lái)確保 2030 年的排放量 比不采取其他措施時(shí)減少近 20 億噸, 如果我們能保持現(xiàn)狀的話。

【77】And as mayors, we're also stepping up to influence international organizations and the global policy that can support us to take action.

作為市長(zhǎng), 我們也在嘗試著去影響那些 可以支持我們做出行動(dòng)的 國(guó)際組織和全球政策。

【78】The C40 is a network of nearly 100 mayors representing the world's biggest global cities.

C40 是一個(gè)有著近 100 市長(zhǎng)的組織, 每個(gè)市長(zhǎng)都代表著全球最大的城市,

【79】City diplomacy is central to their work.

城市外交是他們工作的核心。

【80】Members attend national and international negotiations with the aim of influencing decision making and global commitments.

成員參加國(guó)家和國(guó)際談判的目的 是影響決策和全球承諾。

【81】And let me just say, what you get with mayors is a commitment to ensure that these global commitments are turned from words into actions.

這樣說(shuō)吧, 你從市長(zhǎng)那里得到的是一種承諾, 即確保這些全球承諾從言語(yǔ)變?yōu)樾袆?dòng)。

【82】Our proximity to our residents means that we are immediately accountable for delivering change that people can see and experience.

我們與居民的親密關(guān)系意味著 我們要立即為實(shí)現(xiàn)人們可以看到 和體驗(yàn)到的變化負(fù)責(zé)。

【83】But herein we bump into another challenge.

但是說(shuō)到這里,我們又碰到一個(gè)困難,

【84】We will not get the worldwide network of efficient cities that we need without major investment.

如果沒(méi)有市長(zhǎng)的投資, 我們將無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)我們所需要的 全球高效城市網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

【85】We will not get a worldwide network of decarbonized cities just because we need it, we want it or because we make flowery declarations about it.

我們無(wú)法在全球范圍內(nèi)建立一個(gè) 無(wú)碳城市關(guān)系網(wǎng) 如果只是因?yàn)槲覀冃枰? 我們想要 或者我們往上面放點(diǎn)小花做裝飾。

【86】We will only get them when we plan it and then pay for it.

只有做好計(jì)劃然后投資于此 才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

【87】In the end, city leaders around the world struggle to get access to the kind of finance they need to unlock their city's full potential.

最后,世界上的城市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們 都難以獲得他們需要的那種融資, 以釋放他們城市的全部潛力。

【88】And yet, here, too, we're not waiting around.

但同時(shí),我們也沒(méi)有一直等待。

【89】In the UK, I'm part of something called the UK Cities Climate Investment Commission.

在英國(guó), 我是英國(guó)城市氣候投資委員會(huì)的一員。

【90】It's our aim to put the UK's biggest cities in touch with the finance they need for that potential to be released.

我們的目的是把英國(guó)最大的幾個(gè)城市 和他們需要的融資連到一起 以釋放他們的無(wú)限潛力。

【91】We've identified 206 billion pound's worth of decarbonization opportunities across the UK, retrofitting, renewables, transition of fleet to electric.

在英國(guó), 我們已經(jīng)確定了 價(jià)值 2060 億英鎊的脫碳機(jī)會(huì) 改造,可再生能源,向電力過(guò)渡。

【92】And we are making sure that public and private investors are aware of these opportunities across the UK.

我們確保在英國(guó) 公共和私人投資者 都能意識(shí)到這些機(jī)會(huì)。

【93】So here's the thing.

事情是這樣的啊

【94】Mayors, city leaders, we haven't got time for abstract debates or merely flowery declarations.

市長(zhǎng),領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們, 我們沒(méi)有辯論和用小花做裝飾的時(shí)間。

【95】Our populations want change today.

人們希望今天就能看到改變,

【96】They want change yesterday.

他們想要昨天就改變。

【97】The climate crisis we're in demands leadership.

現(xiàn)在的氣候危機(jī)需要有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

【98】And mayors I meet around the world are stepping up into that space to meet the moment.

那些我見(jiàn)過(guò)的市長(zhǎng)們 都在面對(duì)這個(gè)危機(jī)。

【99】We want and need national governments and international organizations to work with us, to back us, to support us.

我們想要和需要政府和國(guó)際組織 與我們合作,協(xié)助我們,支持我們。

【100】But we cannot wait for them.

但是我們不能一直等他們。

【101】The world's top scientists tell us we've got ten years to turn this thing around.

世界上權(quán)威的科學(xué)家們告訴我們 我們有十年時(shí)間來(lái)扭轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)況。

【102】And because of a history of inaction, underperformance, turgidness in decision making, that means that right now we need to make some big bets and we need to make some big bets on interventions that will deliver change at scale and pace.

由于過(guò)去的不作為,表現(xiàn)不佳, 決策笨拙, 現(xiàn)在我們更加需要一些大賭注, 我們需要在干預(yù)措施上下大賭注 以大規(guī)模和速度帶來(lái)變革。

【103】And I think our cities give us good odds.

我認(rèn)為我們的城市給了我們很好的機(jī)會(huì)。

【104】So here's my call to action.

因此,我呼吁大家采取行動(dòng)。

【105】We need to work with the world's mayors to develop a global plan for cities.

我們需要和全球的市長(zhǎng)們 一起做一個(gè)世界城市計(jì)劃,

【106】It's a plan that must decarbonize and build efficiency into existing cities, but to make sure that the future processes of urbanization maximize city efficiency.

這是一項(xiàng)必須使現(xiàn)有城市脫碳 和提高效率的計(jì)劃, 但要確保未來(lái)的城市化進(jìn)程 將城市效率最大化。

【107】And when I say global, I do mean global.

我說(shuō)的全球, 是真的全球。

【108】It's a plan that must transcend national boundaries.

這是一個(gè)必須超越國(guó)界的計(jì)劃。

【109】It must be in the Global North, and it must be in the Global South, where 90 percent of future urbanization is going to take place.

一定要包括全球北邊的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家, 也要包括全球南邊的發(fā)展中國(guó)家, 未來(lái) 90% 的城市化都將發(fā)生在那里。

【110】And it's a plan that must have us move beyond our narrow self-national interest.

是一個(gè)必須讓我們超越狹隘的 自我國(guó)家利益的計(jì)劃。

【111】We must come to see the world's cities as international assets rather than national possessions.

我們必須把世界上的城市 視為國(guó)際資產(chǎn), 而不是國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)。

【112】We must come to see that investing in the increased efficiency of the world's cities is key to our future.

我們必須要看到 投資提高世界各大城市的效率 是走向未來(lái)的重中之重。

【113】It's going to be key to unlocking our potential.

也是解鎖我們潛在的潛力的關(guān)鍵,

【114】And it's an investment in our global common good.

這是對(duì)我們?nèi)蚬餐娴耐顿Y。

【115】When I was elected mayor of Bristol in 2016, I had a limited appreciation of the global role of the city.

當(dāng)我在 2016 年 當(dāng)選布里斯托爾的市長(zhǎng)時(shí), 我對(duì)這座城市在全球扮演的角色

【116】And by extension, I had a limited appreciation of the level of responsibility that was therefore falling on my shoulders as a newly-elected mayor of a major UK city.

只有有限的認(rèn)識(shí)。 推而廣之,作為一個(gè)新當(dāng)選的英國(guó) 主要城市的市長(zhǎng), 我對(duì)自己肩上的責(zé)任沒(méi)有多少認(rèn)識(shí)。

【117】In the years since, I've come to understand that cities, the way they are planned, the way they function, the way they grow and the way they innovate will be key to whether we are or are not successful in taking on this challenge to stem the tide of global climate change.

在這幾年里, 我了解到城市, 城市規(guī)劃,城市的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn), 城市的發(fā)展,還有城市的創(chuàng)新 都是決定我們?yōu)榱藨?yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn), 遏制全球氣候變化的趨勢(shì), 也是成功與否的關(guān)鍵。

【118】If we can unlock the full potential of our cities, we can minimize the price the planet pays for hosting us in our growing numbers.

如果我們可以解鎖城市的所有潛力, 我們可以將地球?yàn)槿菁{越來(lái)越多的人類(lèi) 而付出的代價(jià)降到最低。

【119】I think efficient cities could be one of the most effective tools we have.

我認(rèn)為高效城市 可能是我們擁有的最有效的工具之一,

【120】So I ask you to work with us to build them.

所以我希望你們和我們 一起來(lái)建造它們。

【121】Thank you.

謝謝。