TED演講者：Manish Bhardwaj / 馬尼什-巴德瓦吉

演講標題：A moral blueprint for reimagining capitalism / 重構(gòu)資本主義的道德藍圖

內(nèi)容概要：We know capitalism exacerbates injustice and inequality worldwide. So how can we fix it? Professor and social entrepreneur Manish Bhardwaj thinks we need to integrate "moral clarity" -- which he defines as "doing the right thing because it is right, and not from fear of sanction or in expectation of reward" -- into society at a foundational level. In this practical talk, he explains how to use the language of moral clarity as a compass for organizations, communities and our personal lives -- and how it could help create a more just world.

我們知道資本主義加劇了全世界的不公正和不平等。那么，我們?nèi)绾尾拍芙鉀Q這個問題？身為教授、社會企業(yè)家的馬尼什-巴德瓦吉（Manish Bhardwaj）認為我們需要將 "明確的道德觀"這一概念納入社會的基礎(chǔ)層面——他將其定義為 "做正確的事，是因為它本身是正確的，而非出于對制裁的恐懼或?qū)Φ玫交貓蟮钠诖?#34;。在這個講座中，他解釋了如何使用明確道德觀的相應語言作為組織、社區(qū)和我們個人生活的指南針——以及它如何能夠幫助我們創(chuàng)造一個更加公正的世界。

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【1】Folks, in 2022, we know capitalism has a problem.

朋友們,我們知道:在 2022 年, 資本主義有一個問題。

【2】The system that undergirds much of our way of life in the West is exacerbating injustice and inequality.

支撐我們西方人 絕大多數(shù)生活方式的系統(tǒng) 正在加劇不公正和不平等。

【3】We know that women still get paid less than men.

我們知道: 女性的收入仍然低于男性。

【4】This is 2022.

這就是 2022 年。

【5】And the share of the bottom half of the world’s population and wealth is just two percent.

而世界上下半層人口的財富占比 僅為百分之二。

【6】We know that the playing field is not level.

我們知道:競爭環(huán)境并不公平。

【7】And yet, even as we are awash in new ideas and thinking and approaches, technologies and gadgets, we somehow do not seem to know how to address the fundamental problems at the heart of it all.

但即使我們的身邊 充斥著新的想法、思維和方法、 技術(shù)和小工具, 我們似乎也不知道 如何解決這之中的核心根本問題。

【8】Now I can’t claim to have all the answers, but today I want to talk to you about a tool that can help us design more just systems.

現(xiàn)在我不能說我找到了所有的答案, 但今天我想和你們聊一個工具, 它可以幫助 我們設(shè)計出更為公正的系統(tǒng),

【9】And that tool is moral clarity.

這個工具就是“明確的道德”。

【10】Now, moral clarity is not an ideology.

現(xiàn)在,“明確的道德” 并不是一種意識形態(tài)。

【11】It's not righteousness.

也不是正義。

【12】Moral clarity is doing the right thing because it is right and not from fear of sanction or an expectation of reward.

“明確的道德”是指做正確的事情的動機 應當是它本身就是正確的, 而不是因為害怕制裁 或期望得到獎勵。

【13】It is clarity of the demands that we are allowed to make of others.

它是指我們 可以對他人提出的明確要求。

【14】It is to never confuse what we ought to do with what we can do.

是讓我們永遠不要混淆 我們應該做什么和我們能做什么。

【15】No one ought to starve.

沒有人應該受餓。

【16】No one ought to be discriminated against.

沒有人應該受到歧視。

【17】No one ought to profit from suffering.

沒有人應該從痛苦中獲利。

【18】These are not personal preferences.

這些都不是個人偏好。

【19】These are moral imperatives that most people believe in --

以上是大多數(shù)人都信奉的道德義務——

【20】(Applause) whatever their politics or culture.

（掌聲） 與他們的政治或文化無關(guān)。

【21】And this is what gives us the basis to build more just organizations, communities and, ultimately, a more just world.

這給了我們打下了一個基礎(chǔ) 從而建立更加公正的組織、社區(qū), 并最終建立一個更公正的世界。

【22】So, folks, how do we do it?

那么,朋友們, 我們又該如何實現(xiàn)它呢？

【23】First, if we want justice, let's use the language of justice, the language of right and wrong.

首先,如果我們想要公正, 就要用公正的語言, 它會區(qū)分正確與錯誤。

【24】Take stakeholder capitalism, this notion that a company is responsible to all its stakeholders and to the environment, and not just its shareholders.

以“利益相關(guān)者資本主義”為例, 這種觀念認為公司 要對其所有利益相關(guān)者負責, 對環(huán)境負責, 而不局限于它的股東。

【25】How well has it done?

它的收效如何呢？

【26】Well, we have data that shows that as a group, companies that subscribe to stakeholder capitalism did no better supporting their employees in the pandemic than companies that made no such pledge.

我們有數(shù)據(jù)顯示,作為一個群體, 贊同利益相關(guān)者資本主義的公司 在新冠大流行中對其員工的支持 并沒有比沒有作出這種承諾的公司 做得更好。

【27】Why?

為什么呢？

【28】It’s not because stakeholder capitalism is a charade or its ends are not noble or its metrics broken or incentives misaligned.

這并不是因為 利益相關(guān)者資本主義是一個騙局, 又或是它的目的不夠高尚, 衡量指標出現(xiàn)了問題, 或者激勵措施并未同步,

【29】It's because we have been selling stakeholder capitalism as a way to reduce risk and ensure long-term growth and profits.

而是因為我們一直在推銷這一概念, 將其作為降低風險、 確保長期增長和獲利的一種方式。

【30】Take, for instance: Why should a workplace be diverse?

比如說:為什么 工作場所應該是多樣化的？

【31】And this is what I hear all the time: “So it better reflects our customers, allowing us to build better products, so we can improve retention, so we can increase innovation and profit.”

下面是我經(jīng)常聽到的一句話: 這樣才能更好地對客戶做出反饋, 從而做出更好的產(chǎn)品, 這樣我們才能提高員工的歸屬感, 從而促進創(chuàng)新、提升收益。

【32】Alright. But what if you already have record-setting profits?

好吧。但如果你已經(jīng)獲得了 創(chuàng)紀錄的利潤呢？

【33】What if your products are already all the rage?

如果你的產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)風靡一時了呢？

【34】What [about] when there are far easier alternatives to increasing profits than the difficult work of organizational change?

當使用一些替代方案來增加利潤 比改變組織更容易時應該怎么辦？

【35】What then?

之后呢？

【36】What then will motivate us to stay the course?

之后靠什么激勵我們堅持多樣性？

【37】So, folks, I need you.

所以,朋友們,我需要你們。

【38】Let’s come together and set the narrative straight.

讓我們一起把話說清楚。

【39】Here, let's say this loud and clear.

大聲而清楚地說出這一點。

【40】We want every workplace to affirm women, minorities and every group that is underrepresented -- not in expectation of more innovation or profit or retention,

我們希望每一個工作場所都有女性、 少數(shù)族裔和每一個缺乏發(fā)聲的群體-- 這不是為了期待 更多的創(chuàng)新、利潤或歸屬感,

【41】but because it is the right thing to do. It is the just thing to do, because that is what we ought to do.

而是因為這是正確的事情, 是公正的事情, 是我們應該做的事情。

【42】(Applause) Now, I’m not minimizing the difficulty of organizational change.

（掌聲） 我不是在輕視組織變革的難度。

【43】I run an organization.

我經(jīng)營著一個組織。

【44】I understand the competing demands and priorities.

我了解相互競爭的需求和優(yōu)先事項。

【45】Reconciling what we ought to do with what we can do is necessarily imperfect.

將我們應該做的事情 與我們能做的事情相協(xié)調(diào) 必然無法盡善盡美。

【46】Moral clarity is not moral perfection.

明確的道德并不是完美的道德。

【47】It is moral alertness.

它是道德層面的警覺意識。

【48】I'm also not minimizing or saying that innovation or better products or retention are not worthy goals.

我也不是在輕視或聲稱 創(chuàng)新、更好的產(chǎn)品, 或者歸屬感不是值得努力的目標。

【49】My point is, let's start making space in our organizations for moral language and clear moral arguments.

我的觀點是:讓我們開始在組織中 為道德相關(guān)的言論 和清晰的道德論證創(chuàng)造空間。

【50】Now --

現(xiàn)在——

【51】(Applause) There was a time in America when you could start as a custodian or in the mail room and rise through the ranks, even to the top job.

（掌聲） 在美國,曾經(jīng)有一段時間, 你可以從一個保管員 或收發(fā)室職員開始, 通過等級晉升,甚至到高層工作。

【52】Now that doesn't happen anymore.

現(xiàn)在這種情況已經(jīng)消失不見。

【53】We have outsourced those jobs.

因為我們已經(jīng)把這些工作外包了。

【54】We have turned them into gig work.

我們已經(jīng)把它們變成了臨時工作。

【55】And the problem is not just the low wages or poor benefits or the unpredictable working hours.

而問題不僅僅是低工資、低福利, 或者不確定的工作時間。

【56】The problem is we know nothing, nothing about the lives of so many who make our own possible.

問題是我們一無所知, 對那些為我們的生活奠定基礎(chǔ)的 人們的生活毫不知情。

【57】We don't know that the worker in our cafeteria is sleeping in her car so she can work three jobs to send her kids to college.

我們不知道 那位食堂的工人睡在她的車里, 這樣她就能做三份工作 送她的孩子上大學。

【58】We don't know that the worker in our warehouse has uncontrolled diabetes, even though he has health insurance.

我們不知道 我們倉庫里的工人 沒有控制糖尿病, 盡管他有健康保險。

【59】But he doesn't have the time to manage this chronic condition.

但是他沒有時間來處理這個慢性病。

【60】Folks, how can we be just if these indignities are hidden from us, if they don't show up in our accounting?

朋友們, 如果這些不光彩的事情被隱藏起來, 如果它們不在我們的賬目中顯示出來, 我們又如何追求公正？

【61】How can lives matter, truly matter to us, if you only read about them?

生命對我們的重要性又將如何體現(xiàn)？ 倘若我們只是有所耳聞,

【62】If you don’t encounter them?

倘若你沒有遇到他們,

【63】If you don’t share in their humanity?

倘若你不與他們共同分擔？

【64】So, it shouldn’t take a hot labor market for us to invest in our entry-level employees.

因此,我們不應該 在勞動力市場火爆的情況下 投資于我們的初級雇員。

【65】And let's not stop at tuition subsidies and training.

我們不要停留在學費補貼和培訓上。

【66】Let's do the harder work of mentoring those who do not show up on our organizational charts.

讓我們做更難的工作,指導那些 沒有出現(xiàn)在我們組織架構(gòu)上的人。

【67】Let's understand their aspirations and connect them to opportunities, even if those are outside our firms.

讓我們了解他們的愿望, 為他們提供機會, 即使這些機會是在工作之外。

【68】Next.

接下來,

【69】Let's get rid of the idea that a smart app or gadget or technology or business model will fix injustice.

我們不要想著用一個智能應用或工具, 又或是什么技術(shù)或者商業(yè)模式 來解決不公正問題。

【70】It will not!

它做不到！

【71】(Applause) Justice requires accompaniment, staying by a person's side until right is done.

（掌聲） 公正需要陪伴, 在直到公正得到伸張之前, 呆在一個人的身邊。

【72】I started a nonprofit that provides health care to the rural poor in India, and we realized very early on that we could have all the therapeutics and health care workers and facilities, but we would not transform outcomes until we accompanied literally our patients.

我創(chuàng)辦了一個非營利組織, 為印度農(nóng)村窮人提供醫(yī)療保健服務。 我們很早就意識到, 我們可以擁有所有的治療方法、 醫(yī)療保健人員和設(shè)施, 但我們想要改變結(jié)果 就必須真正地陪伴我們的病人。

【73】So, in our maternal and neonatal health program, expectant mothers have us on speed dial.

因此,在我們的 孕婦與新生兒健康項目中, 準媽媽們把我們的聯(lián)系方式 設(shè)置在快速撥號上。

【74】They call us as soon as they go into labor, and we stay beside them, literally, till they make it to the delivery room in time.

她們一臨產(chǎn)就會給我們打電話, 我們就會一直陪著她們, 直到她們可以及時趕到產(chǎn)房。

【75】Why? Because the barriers are too numerous to predict.

為什么這樣做呢？ 因為無法預測的障礙太多——

【76】Flooded roads, an unwilling patriarch, a labor nurse who will not assist a woman of another caste.

淹沒的道路、不愿提供幫助的族長、 不愿意幫助其他種姓婦女的產(chǎn)科護士。

【77】And that is why we journey to distant cities if we have to, and we find a neonatal ICU and stay by the side of an anxious mother and her newborn until they are both well.

這就是為什么我們 要在必要時前往遙遠的城市, 去找一個新生兒重癥監(jiān)護室, 并且陪伴在緊張的母親 和她孩子的身邊, 直到他們都平安無事。

【78】And that is how we have cut mortality rates in half in our program when everyone around us told us that it was impossible.

這就是為什么我們的項目可以 把死亡率減少一半, 而我們周圍的人都說這是不可能的。

【79】(Applause) Accompaniment is not just about health care.

（掌聲） 陪伴不僅僅是關(guān)于醫(yī)療保健。

【80】In the United States, low-income students drop out of community colleges at record rates because of the barriers they face.

在美國, 低收入學生在社區(qū)大學的輟學率 創(chuàng)下歷史新高, 因為他們面臨著障礙。

【81】They may not have the fare for public transport to attend classes.

他們可能沒有去上課的公共交通費用。

【82】They may not have the child care to make it to a job interview.

他們可能沒有托兒所, 無法參加工作面試。

【83】They may be struggling with homelessness or hunger.

他們可能正在 與無家可歸或饑餓作斗爭。

【84】Now, financial assistance is crucial, and we need more of it.

現(xiàn)在,財政援助至關(guān)重要, 我們需要更多的援助。

【85】But it will not by itself transform outcomes.

但它本身并不足以改變結(jié)果。

【86】What we also need are seasoned advisors who can accompany our students, who can help them pick majors and classes, teach them study techniques, provide career counseling and help them juggle home, work and college.

我們還需要經(jīng)驗豐富的顧問, 他們可以陪伴我們的學生, 幫助他們選擇專業(yè)和課程, 教他們學習技巧, 提供職業(yè)咨詢, 幫助他們兼顧家庭、工作和大學。

【87】And now we have rigorous evidence that these accompaniment-centered interventions that address a whole array of barriers can double graduation rates.

現(xiàn)在我們有嚴格的證據(jù)表明, 這些以陪伴為中心的干預措施, 解決了一系列的障礙, 使這一人群的畢業(yè)率翻倍。

【88】This is from the City University of New York's ASAP initiative.

這是來自 紐約市立大學的 ASAP 計劃。

【89】Accompaniment is not just for nonprofits.

陪同不僅僅是針對非營利組織。

【90】As we try to reimagine and reconfigure work and inclusion in the wake of the pandemic, accompaniment is that principled approach that can get us there.

當我們試圖重新想象和配置工作 以及提升歸屬感時, 在新冠大流行病期間, 陪伴是一種有明確原則的方法, 可以讓我們達到目的。

【91】Now, for all of these ideas to take root and endure, we need to make moral clarity foundational to our educational system.

現(xiàn)在,為了讓這些想法扎根延續(xù), 我們需要把明確的道德作為 教育系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)。

【92】A recent college poll showed that graduating college students consider working for social change less likely than they did as freshmen.

最近的一項大學民意調(diào)查顯示, 即將畢業(yè)的大學生認為 他們?yōu)樯鐣兏锒ぷ鞯目赡苄?比他們在大一的時候更小。

【93】Our students spend all their time becoming skilled specialists.

我們的學生把所有的時間 都花在了學習技術(shù)上。

【94】They accrue credentials for everything -- everything except for the difficult work of making the world just.

他們?yōu)樗惺虑榉e累證書, 但不包括為了 實現(xiàn)世界公正的辛苦工作。

【95】I teach a course, Entrepreneurship for the Idealist, at Princeton University, which trains students in moral clarity so they can go out and make the world just.

我教授一門課程, 叫作“理想主義者的創(chuàng)業(yè)精神”, 這門課開在普林斯頓大學, 課程培養(yǎng)學生們擁有明確的道德, 以便他們能夠 在畢業(yè)后使世界變得公正。

【96】We can teach our students the language of right and wrong and give them the courage to use it.

我們可以教我們的學生關(guān)于 正確和錯誤的言論, 并給他們使用它的勇氣。

【97】We can teach them the nature of injustice so they have a fighting chance at dismantling it.

我們可以教給他們不公正的本質(zhì), 這樣他們就有了消除不公的機會。

【98】And we can train them in accompaniment.

我們還可以訓練他們的陪伴能力。

【99】We don't expect families to train humanists or scientists or engineers.

我們并不指望家庭能培養(yǎng)出 人文主義者、科學家或工程師。

【100】So let's stop making moral clarity the sole responsibility of families or of religion.

因此,讓我們停止將明確的道德 作為家庭或宗教的唯一責任。

【101】(Applause) Now, some of you may be thinking that all of this is too hard.

（掌聲） 現(xiàn)在,你們中的一些人可能在想, 所有這些都太難了,

【102】That this is unrealistic.

很不現(xiàn)實。

【103】And I can understand that. I've been doing this a long time.

我可以理解, 但我已經(jīng)在這一領(lǐng)域工作很久了。

【104】Let's stop worrying about being realistic.

所以不必擔心是否現(xiàn)實。

【105】(Applause) Last year, folks, we invested 621 billion dollars globally in startups, in dreams, in visions, in visions of worlds transformed by new technologies, in visions of planets colonized and of alternate universes.

（掌聲） 去年, 我們在全球投資了 6210 億美元 用于創(chuàng)業(yè)公司, 用于夢想,用于愿景, 用于借助新技術(shù)改變世界, 用于殖民星球和尋求可替代的宇宙。

【106】Now, many of those dreams will fail.

現(xiàn)在,這些夢想中有許多會失敗。

【107】Many of those dreams will take decades to materialize.

許多夢想將需要幾十年才能實現(xiàn)。

【108】But will we flinch?

但我們會退縮嗎？

【109】No, we'll double down. Such is our faith in those visions.

不,我們會加倍努力。 這就是我們對這些愿景的信心。

【110】Folks, if we are trying to do something truly hard, I want us to come together to do the hardest thing there is: envision and then build a just world.

朋友們,如果我們 想做一件真正困難的事情, 我希望我們一起去做這之中 最困難的事情: 想象并建立一個公正的世界。

【111】Not a prosperous world. Not a frictionless world.

不是一個繁榮的世界, 不是一個沒有摩擦的世界。

【112】Not a resilient world, but a just world.

不是一個具有應變能力的世界, 而是一個公正的世界。

【113】(Applause) Now in our time, the call to do the right thing because it is right, because it is just, evokes a certain wistfulness.

（掌聲） 現(xiàn)在在我們的時代, 呼吁做正確的事,是因為它是正確的, 是因為它是公正的, 它喚起了某種懷舊的情緒。

【114】It has that quality of a once-beloved melody whose notes now elude us.

它有一種特質(zhì), 就像曾經(jīng)人們喜愛的旋律, 但現(xiàn)在我們卻找不到它的音符。

【115】We are worried that if we sing the tune, it's going to land just a bit flat in our time.

我們擔心,如果我們唱這首曲子, 在我們的時代它會顯得有些平淡。

【116】And the reason is the foundational myth of our political and economic systems that people will do only that which is advantageous to them.

其原因便是 構(gòu)建我們的政治和經(jīng)濟體系的基礎(chǔ)的 荒誕說法, 即人們只會做對自己有利的事情。

【117】So while we never shun our idealism, it's a stubborn thing we learn early on to wear it lightly.

因此雖然我們 從不回避我們的理想主義, 但這是一個頑固的東西, 我們很早就學會了輕裝上陣。

【118】Folks, let's stop selling ourselves short.

朋友們,讓我們不要再輕視自己。

【119】We are capable of being small, but we are not small beings.

我們的力量可以微不足道, 但我們并非小人,

【120】We help strangers whom we know we will never see again.

我們會幫助 那些明知不會再見的陌生人。

【121】We grieve.

我們會悲傷。

【122】We grieve for strangers who are oceans away.

為遠在天邊的陌生人感到悲傷。

【123】In the expectation of what reward are Polish mothers leaving their strollers on train stations so Ukrainian mothers fleeing, dispossessed and broken, will find some respite?

波蘭的母親期待著什么回報？ 她們把嬰兒車 放在火車站, 讓逃難的烏克蘭母親 找到一些喘息的機會。

【124】Yes, we are driven by incentives.

是的,我們是被激勵所驅(qū)動。

【125】But we are also driven by love, mercy, kindness, justice, solidarity.

但我們也被愛、 憐憫、仁慈、正義、團結(jié)所驅(qū)使。

【126】Folks, I have an abiding faith in our idealism, in mine and in yours. And here’s why.

朋友們, 我對我們的理想主義堅定不移, 對我的和你們的理想主義都是如此, 這就是我們所做一切的原因。

【127】Our pursuits may be different, our politics may be different, our motivations will always be many.

我們的追求可能不同, 我們的政治可能不同, 我們的動機總是繁多。

【128】But our deepest longing has always been the same: to find our humanity, to fathom that magnificent vastness within each of us.

但我們內(nèi)心最深的渴望卻始終相同: 找到我們的人性, 了解我們每個人內(nèi)心的宏偉浩瀚。

【129】Thank you.

謝謝。

【130】(Applause)