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備注：以下內(nèi)容將按照年/月份展開，針對原文與譯文的差異，我會適當(dāng)增加一些補(bǔ)充的內(nèi)容來讓翻譯更通俗易懂。本文有許多專有名詞（如人物名字、地方名字、行政機(jī)構(gòu)專屬名詞等），如有不準(zhǔn)確的地方，還請各位大佬海涵與斧正，非常感謝！?。?/p>

其中，紅色字體代表：補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容（原文沒有的）

? ? ? ? ? ?藍(lán)色字體代表：原文打了問號的（例如：? nicknamed ‘Chlorus’ ‘The Pale’）

公元351年

East/West 東/西羅馬

Death of Bishop Paul of Constantinople; Macedonius restored Magnentius makes brother Decentius ‘Caesar’ and sends him to defend Rhine.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦丁堡的保羅主教去世了；馬格諾尼烏斯恢復(fù)了馬格南蒂烏斯的地位，讓他的弟弟德森提烏斯成為"凱撒"，并派他去保衛(wèi)萊茵河。

15 March Gallus elevated to be ‘Caesar’ at Sirmium and sent to Antioch to govern East; Julian becomes student at Ephesus where he is taught by pagan philosopher Maximus.

? ? ? ? ? 3月15日，加盧斯在錫爾米烏姆被提拔為 "凱撒"，并被派往安提阿治理東方；朱利安在以弗所學(xué)習(xí)，在那里他受到異教哲學(xué)家馬克西姆的教導(dǎo)。

Constantius confronts Vetranio, and by secret agreement they meet in front of armies and Vetranio announces his abdication and support for Constantius; his army joins Constantius and Summer the latter and Magnentius manoeuvre in Pannonia.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯二世與韋特拉尼奧談判，他們達(dá)成了秘密協(xié)議。在軍隊面前，韋特拉尼奧宣布退位并支持君士坦提烏斯；他的軍隊加入了君士坦提烏斯的軍隊。夏季，后者與馬格尼提烏斯在潘諾尼亞進(jìn)行軍事演習(xí)。

Constantius offers Gaul and Britain to Magnentius, who is defeated at Mursa and retires to Italy; Bishop Valens of Mursa, having prayed publicly for Constantius’ victory and been joined by Constantius at service during battle, joins him as adviser and influences him in favour of Arian settlement of all Church.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯將高盧和不列顛授予馬格尼提烏斯，后者在穆爾薩被打敗，敗退到意大利；穆爾薩的瓦倫斯主教曾公開為君士坦提烏斯的勝利祈禱，并與君士坦提烏斯一起行動，作為顧問加入他的軍隊，影響其支持阿里烏派解決所有教會的問題。

Part of Senate defects from Italy to Constantius.

? ? ? ? ? 元老院的一部分人從意大利投奔君士坦提烏斯二世。

公元352年

West 西羅馬

12 April Death of Bishop Julius of Rome, 17 May Liberius elected. Magnentius sets up base at Aquilela, but September Italy revolts in his rear as Constantius’ fleet lands at mouth of Po; he flees to Gaul, where brother Decentius attempts to seize Trier, and Constantius leaves Italy.

? ? ? ? ? 4月12日，羅馬主教朱利葉斯去世；5月17日，利比里烏斯當(dāng)選羅馬主教。馬格尼修斯在阿奎拉建立了基地，但在9月，君士坦提烏斯二世的艦隊在波河口登陸時，意大利發(fā)生了叛亂；他逃往高盧，其兄弟德森提斯試圖奪取特里爾，君士坦提烏斯最后安全離開意大利。

East 東羅馬

Samaritans revolt but are brutally suppressed by Gallus; Sepphoris is sacked.

? ? ? ? ? 撒瑪利亞人（起源于古代的民族宗教團(tuán)體。他們是黎凡特人，信奉撒瑪利亞教）起義，但被加勒斯殘酷鎮(zhèn)壓；塞弗里斯被攻陷。

公元353年

West/East 東/西羅馬

Gaul revolts against Magnentius who is defeated by Constantius at Mount Seleucus in South-West and 10 August commits suicide; Constantius sends ministers to restore rule to Magnentius’ provinces and round up suspects, particularly the brutal Paulus ‘The Chain’ who terrorizes Britain.

? ? ? ? ? ?高盧人反抗馬格尼提斯，馬格尼提烏斯在西南的塞琉古山被君士坦提烏斯二世擊敗，于8月10日自盡；君士坦提烏斯派大臣保盧斯·卡泰納恢復(fù)對馬格尼提烏斯的省份的統(tǒng)治，并圍捕叛亂的人。（公元353年，在布里托-法蘭克篡位者馬格尼提烏斯倒臺后，他被皇帝君士坦提烏斯二世派往羅馬-不列顛控制顛覆分子。他的措施很嚴(yán)厲，以至于他贏得了綽號Catena，意思是“鎖鏈”，因為他用鏈子鎖住叛亂的人，并用鏈子拖著他們穿過街道）。

Winter Constantius holds Games at Arles.

? ? ? ? ? 冬季，君士坦提烏斯二世在阿爾勒舉行運(yùn)動會。

Gallus, based at Antioch, plans Persian campaign but becomes arrogant and unstable and comes under influence of Arian deacon Aetius.

? ? ? ? ? 駐扎在安提阿的加路斯策劃了波斯戰(zhàn)役，但他受到阿里烏派執(zhí)事艾提烏斯的影響，變得傲慢與不穩(wěn)妥。

公元354年

West 西羅馬

Constantius holds Church Council of West at Arles to condemn Athanasius and his rigid orthodoxy and to open compromise to Arians, bullying Bishops into signing; Liberius of Rome refuses and demands General Council.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯二世在阿爾勒舉行西方教會會議，他譴責(zé)亞他那修及其僵化的正統(tǒng)觀念，并向阿里派妥協(xié)，強(qiáng)迫主教們簽字；羅馬的利比里烏斯拒絕，要求召開總會議。

East 東羅馬

Gallus, hearing of food-shortages at Antioch, fixes food-prices and arrests protesting Senators; only prevented from executing them as scapegoats by ‘Count of Orlens’ Honoratus. Constantius sends his new Praetorian Praefect of East Domitain to investigate, and Gallus arrests him and orders him to be killed then has ‘Quaestor’ Montius killed as well for trying to stop execution; Constantius lures him to Milan with hints of co-rulership, separates him from entourage en route, and has him executed; brother Julian exiled to Athens where he learns pagan philosophy avidly.

? ? ? ? ? 加盧斯聽說安提阿的糧食短缺，就調(diào)控了糧食價格，并逮捕了抗議的元老；只是被'奧爾良伯爵'霍諾拉圖斯阻止了將他們作為替罪羊處決。君士坦提烏斯二世派新任的東多米坦禁衛(wèi)軍官去調(diào)查，加盧斯逮捕了他并命令將其處決，‘財務(wù)官蒙蒂烏斯’也因試圖阻止處決而被殺死；君士坦提烏斯二世用共同統(tǒng)治的誘惑將加盧斯引誘到米蘭，在途中將其與隨行人員分開，并將他處決了；皇帝的弟弟朱利安被流放到雅典，在那里他狂熱地學(xué)習(xí)異教哲學(xué)。

公元355年

West/East 東/西羅馬

October Church Council of Milan to uphold Arianism and denounce Bishop Athanasius; Constantius deposes and exiles all Bishops who refuse to sign including Hilarius of Poitiers, Hosius of Cordoba, and Dionysius of Milan; Bishop Liberius of Rome is summoned and is exiled to Berroea in Thrace for obduracy and a faction at Rome elects Felix to replace him.

? ? ? ? ? ?10月，米蘭教會會議支持阿里烏主義，并譴責(zé)亞他那修主教；君士坦提烏斯二世將所有拒絕簽字的主教，包括普瓦提埃的希拉里烏斯、科爾多瓦的霍西烏斯和米蘭的迪奧尼修斯，都驅(qū)逐出境；羅馬的利比里烏斯主教被傳喚，因頑固不化被流放到色雷斯的貝羅亞，羅馬的一個派別推舉費(fèi)利克斯取代他。

Praetorian Praefect Strateglus Musonianus negotiates with Persia.

Praetorian Praefect Strateglus Musonianus（注:不敢確定翻譯，所以沒寫上）與波斯人談判

Bandit rebellion in Cilicia; Seleucia besieged.

? ? ? ? ? 西里西亞叛亂；塞琉西亞被圍困。

Rebellion of Silvanus at Trier after false accusation of treason; killed.

? ? ? ? ? 西爾瓦努斯在特里爾被誣陷為叛國后,當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)生叛亂；西爾瓦努斯被殺。

Julian summoned to Milan and granted rank of ‘Caesar’ and November the hand of Constantius’ sister Helena.

? ? ? ? ? 朱利安被傳喚到（梅狄歐拉姆，今米蘭）米蘭，君士坦提烏斯二世授予其 "凱撒"的地位；朱利安在11月得到君士坦提烏斯二世的妹妹海倫娜的幫助。

December Julian sent to Gaul to drive out raiding Germans, and winters in Rh?ne valley.

? ? ? ? ? 12月，朱利安被派往高盧趕走突襲的日耳曼人，并在羅納河谷過冬。

公元356年

East 東羅馬

February Bishop George installed in Alexandria by troops, and Athanasius flees to the desert and continues to write against Arians.

? ? ? ? ? 2月，喬治主教在亞歷山大港的部隊中就職，亞他那修逃到沙漠，繼續(xù)寫作以反對阿里派。

Death of St. Antony, leading monastic pioneer in Egyptian desert.

? ? ? ? ? 埃及沙漠中領(lǐng)先的修道院先驅(qū)圣安東尼去世了。

West西羅馬

Julian clears barbarians out of central Gaul, from Autun to Troyes, and then retakes Cologne and winters at Sens.

? ? ? ? ?朱利安將野蠻人趕出了高盧中部——從奧屯到特魯瓦；然后奪回科隆，并在森斯過冬。

公元357年

West/East東西羅馬

Julian defeats the Alemanni at Strasbourg, restores peace to Gaul, and crosses the Rhine.

? ? ? ? ? 朱利安在斯特拉斯堡擊敗了阿勒曼尼人，恢復(fù)了高盧的和平，并跨越了萊茵河。

April Constantius pays grand State visit to Rome, and donates Egyptian obelisk to Circus Maximus; he is noted for his rigid bearing at processions, and is lobbied on behalf of Liberius.

? ? ? ? ?4月，君士坦提烏斯二世對羅馬進(jìn)行了盛大的國事訪問，并向馬克西姆廣場捐贈了埃及方尖碑；他因在游行中的僵硬態(tài)度而受到關(guān)注，并為利比里烏斯進(jìn)行了游說。

July Constantius forbids courtiers to consult oracles.

? ? ? ? ? 7月，君士坦提烏斯二世禁止朝臣們咨詢神諭。

Constantius goes to Illyricum to fight Sarmatian incursions, and wipes out rebel tribe, the Limigantes.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯二世前往伊利里庫姆對抗薩爾馬提亞人的入侵，并消滅了叛亂部落利米甘特人。

Winter Constantius, in winter quarters at Sirmium, receives Bishop Basil of Ancyra who has formulated rival proposals to Valens of Mursa’s to put to Emperor – that the son’s essence is ‘like’ the Father’s (‘homoiousios’) without being ‘identical’ (which seems close to ‘Sabellian’ heresy).

? ? ? ? ?冬天，君士坦提烏斯二世在色米姆（Sirmium）的冬令營接待了安西拉的巴西爾主教，他制定了與穆爾薩的瓦倫斯相匹敵的建議，以向皇帝提出——兒子的本質(zhì)是 "像"父親的（"homoiousios"），而不是"完全相同"（這似乎接近于 "Sabellian "異端）。

公元358年

East/West東西羅馬

Eudoxius, Arian, made Bishop of Antioch.

? ? ? ? ? 阿里烏派的歐多西被任命為安提阿主教。

Constantius summons Liberius from Berroea to meet him at Sirmium.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯二世將教宗利伯略從貝羅亞召到錫爾米烏姆與他會面。

Constantius allows Liberius to return to Rome, but also enables his rival Felix to set up separate congregation in the city.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯二世允許利伯略回到羅馬，但也使他的對手費(fèi)利克斯在城里建立了單獨(dú)的會所。

Shapur II of Persia starts war in Mesopotamia.

? ? ? ? ? 波斯的沙普爾二世在美索不達(dá)米亞發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭。

Constantius defeats Sarmatians and Quadi on the Danube.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯二世在多瑙河畔擊敗了薩馬提亞人和夸迪人。

Bishop Valens of Mursa and Basil of Ancyra compete for Constantius’ support over the nature of the religious compromise formula to include Arians – whether the Son is merely ‘like’ the Father or ‘of same essence’?

? ? ? ? ? 穆爾薩的瓦倫斯主教和安西拉的巴西爾主教在宗教妥協(xié)方案的性質(zhì)上爭奪君士坦提烏斯二世的支持，也包括阿里教派——子是否只是 "像 "父，還是 "具有相同的本質(zhì)"？

公元359年

West西羅馬

Julian defeats Alemanni in North-East Gaul and persuades troops not to mutiny over Constantius’ scanty provisioning.

? ? ? ? ? 朱利安在東北高盧擊敗了阿萊曼尼，并說服部隊不要因為君士坦提烏斯的供應(yīng)不足而叛變。

East/West東西羅馬

Execution of ‘Master of Soldiers’ Barbatio for alleged hopes of succession.

? ? ? ? ? ?因所謂的繼承希望而處決了"士兵的主人"巴爾巴蒂奧。

The corrupt financial official Autoninus defects to Persia with secrets and encourages Shapur to invade; suspicions Constantius decided to replace popular Eastern commander Ursinicus with elderly Sabinian but sends him back when Shapur invades.

? ? ? ? ? 腐敗的財政官員Autoninus帶著秘密投奔波斯，并鼓勵沙普爾入侵；君士坦提烏斯二世決定用年長的薩比尼安取代受歡迎的東部指揮官烏爾西尼克斯，但在沙普爾入侵時將其送回。

July? Shapur besieges Amida, which November? is taken; Constantius plans campaign in Mesopotamia, and recalls Julian’s friend and general Sallust. The historian Ammianus, Ursicinus’ aide, is among those who escape Amida.

? ? ? ? ? ?7月？沙普爾圍攻阿米達(dá)；11月，阿米達(dá)被攻占；君士坦提烏斯二世計劃在美索不達(dá)米亞開展行動，并召回朱利安的朋友——將軍薩魯斯特。歷史學(xué)家阿米亞努斯（Ursicinus的助手）是逃離阿米達(dá)的人之一。

Praefecture of Constantinople is created.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦丁堡大區(qū)成立了。

Constantius organizes church council for West at Rimini and for East at Seleucia (South-East Anatolia), to uphold the compromise doctrine; Bishop Valens of Mursa secures triumph for his version at Rimini, and Eudoxius of Constantinople and George of Alexandria do so for him in East.

? ? ? ? ? ?君士坦提烏斯二世在里米尼組織了西方的教會會議，在塞琉西亞（安納托利亞東南部）組織了東方的教會會議，以維護(hù)妥協(xié)的教義；穆爾薩的瓦倫斯主教在里米尼為他所信奉的教義爭取到了勝利，君士坦丁堡的尤多修和亞歷山大的喬治在東方也為他爭取到了支持。

公元360年

East/West東西羅馬

‘Constantius’ commission into fall of Amida exonerates timid Sabinian and unjustly blames Ursicinus, who is dismissed.

? ? ? ? ??君士坦提烏斯二世對阿米達(dá)事件進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，他為膽小的薩比尼安開脫罪責(zé)，并不公正地指責(zé)烏西奇努斯，后者被解雇了。

Early Constantius issues orders for many of Julian’s troops in Gaul to march East to join his Persian war, reducing Julian’s military strength.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯二世發(fā)布命令，讓朱利安在高盧的部隊向東進(jìn)軍，加入波斯戰(zhàn)爭，想要以此減少朱利安的軍力。

Early Death of Bishop Macedonius of Constantinople.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦丁堡的馬其頓主教早逝。

Constantius translates Bishop Eudoxus from Antioch to Constantinople, and installs non-partisan Miletius at Antioch.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯二世將尤多克斯主教從安提阿請到君士坦丁堡，并在安提阿安置了無黨派的米利修斯。

Church council at Constantinople, centring on 18 February dedication of Hagia Sophia; new creed issued that ‘the son is like the Father’, taking Arian line, and despite the broad nature of statement in deliberate ambibuity orthodox Bishops resist and depositions follow.

? ? ? ? ?君士坦丁堡教會會議，集中在2月18日的圣索菲亞大教堂的獻(xiàn)禮上；新的信條發(fā)布，即 "子如父"，采取阿里烏派的路線，盡管聲明的性質(zhì)很寬泛，有故意含糊其辭的嫌疑，但正統(tǒng)的主教們還是抵制了這種說法，并進(jìn)行了取證。

February Gallic troops at Paris refuse Constantius’ order to march East and declare Julian Emperor at parade; he accepts and secures control of Gaul and Rhine.

? ? ? ? ? 2月，高盧軍隊在巴黎拒絕君士坦提烏斯二世的東進(jìn)命令，在閱兵式上宣布朱利安為皇帝。他接受并確保了對高盧和萊茵河的控制。

Julian sends envoys Pentaclius and Eutherius to Constantius to assure his peaceful intentions, but prepares for campaign and November holds ‘quinquennial’ Games at Vienne on Rh?ne. Constantius sends envoy Leonas to order Julian to be content with Caesarship; it is rejected. Death of Julian’s wife Helena.

朱利安派特使彭塔克利烏斯和尤瑟烏斯，向君士坦提烏斯二世保證他的和平意圖，但他仍準(zhǔn)備參加戰(zhàn)斗，11月在羅訥河畔的維埃納舉行 "五周年 "運(yùn)動會。君士坦提烏斯二世派特使萊昂納斯，命令朱利安繼續(xù)擔(dān)任凱撒，但被拒絕了。朱利安的妻子海倫娜去世。

公元361年

East/West東西羅馬

Death of Empress Eusebia, Julian’s patron; Constantius refuses peace and prepares for war. Julian appoints Germanianus as Praetorian Praefect, replacing Constantius’ nominee Nebridius.

? ? ? ? ? ?朱利安的贊助人尤西比亞皇后去世；君士坦提烏斯二世拒絕和平，準(zhǔn)備開戰(zhàn)。朱利安任命日耳曼尼亞努斯為禁衛(wèi)軍司令，取代君士坦提烏斯二世提拔的內(nèi)布里迪烏斯。

Julian sends troops under Jovius and Jovinus via Alps to Northern Italy, and Rome surrenders; he marches through Black Forest to the Danube and sails downstream; Praetorian Praefect Taurus flees Italy.

? ? ? ? ? 朱利安派遣約維烏斯和約維努斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的軍隊經(jīng)阿爾卑斯山到北意大利，羅馬則投降了。他通過黑森林向多瑙河進(jìn)軍，并向下游航行。禁衛(wèi)軍禁衛(wèi)官陶洛斯（Taurus）逃離意大利。

Constantius marries, secondly, Faustina at Antioch.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯二世在安提阿與福斯蒂娜結(jié)婚。（第二次結(jié)婚）

Constantius replaces Miletius as Bishop of Antioch with the more Arian Euzoius on appeal of Eudoxus of Constantinople; Miletius and his rival Paulinus quarrel over leadership of Antiochene orthodox.

? ? ? ? ? ?君士坦提烏斯二世在君士坦丁堡的尤多克斯的呼吁下，用阿里烏派教徒尤佐伊斯取代了米勒提烏斯作為安提阿的主教。米勒提烏斯和他的對手保利努斯為安提阿斯正統(tǒng)派的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)爭吵不休。

Constantius sets out for Constantinople, but falls ill en route as Julian secures Sirmium and advance guard under Nevitta reaches Balkan passes; surrendered Eastern troops land at Aquileia in Julian’s rear but are surrounded by Jovinus.

? ? ? ? ? 君士坦提烏斯二世出發(fā)前往君士坦丁堡。但在途中病倒了，朱利安讓錫爾米烏姆、內(nèi)維塔領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的先遣部隊提前到達(dá)巴爾干山口埋伏。投降的東方軍隊在朱利安的后方阿奎利亞登陸，但被約維努斯包圍。

3 November Constantius dies at Mopsucrene in Cilida aged 44 or 47, and generals abandon ministers’ plans for election of successor and send officers to Julian to accept him as Emperor; Constantius’ army at Aquileia surrenders.

? ? ? ? ? 11月3日，君士坦提烏斯二世在西利達(dá)的莫普蘇克雷恩去世，享年44或47歲，將軍們放棄了大臣們選舉繼任者的計劃，并派官員前往朱利安駐地，接受他為皇帝；君士坦提烏斯二世在阿奎利亞的軍隊投降了。

Julian recalls all exiled orthodox Bishops, and sends his uncle Julian to Antioch as ‘Count of the East’ to secure provinces.

? ? ? ? ? ?朱利安召回了所有被流放的正統(tǒng)派主教，并派他的叔叔作為 "東方伯爵 "前往安提阿，以確保各省穩(wěn)定。

Julian enters Constantinople in triumph, buries Constantius at Church of Holy Apostles, and pardons Constantius’ officers.

? ? ? ? ? ?朱利安凱旋進(jìn)入君士坦丁堡，將君士坦提烏斯二世埋葬在圣使徒教堂，并赦免了君士坦提烏斯二世的官員。

24 December Bishop George of Alexandria lynched by mob; Athanasius allowed to return as Julian takes no action but deprecates inter-Christian violence.

? ? ? ? ? 12月24日，亞歷山大的喬治主教被暴徒用私刑處死；亞他那修被允許返回；朱利安沒有采取任何行動，但譴責(zé)了基督教之間的暴力。

公元362年

East/West東西羅馬

Claudius Mamertinus, orator, and general Nevitta Consuls.

? ? ? ? ? ?克勞迪斯·馬默丁努斯，演說家，內(nèi)維塔總領(lǐng)事。

Julian organizes judicial commission at Chalcedon, including generals Jovinus, Arbetio, and Nevitta, to execute Constantius’ favourites including Paulus, and soldiers secure execution of unpopular treasurer Ursulus; Artemius, tyrannical Arian Praefect of Egypt, executed, replaced by Ecdicius Olympus; Salutius Secundus Praefect of East; orator Libanius of Antioch’s pupil Celsus governs Syria; Anatolicus, Julian’s administrator, ‘Master of Offices’; Felix finance-minister (‘Count of Sacred Largesses’).

? ? ? ? ? 朱利安在卡爾西頓組織了一個司法委員會，包括將軍Jovinus、Arbetio和Nevitta；以處決君士坦提烏斯二世的寵兒，包括Paulus，以及確保處決不受士兵們歡迎的財務(wù)主管Ursulus。阿特米烏斯，暴虐的阿里安派埃及執(zhí)政官，被處決，取而代之的是埃迪西烏斯·奧林匹斯；薩魯提烏斯·塞恩德執(zhí)政；安提阿克的演說家利巴尼烏斯的學(xué)生塞爾蘇斯管理敘利亞；阿納托利庫斯，朱利安的管理人員，"內(nèi)務(wù)管理者"；菲利克斯財政部長（"神圣的大人物伯爵"）。

Julian restores official pagan sacrifices, reopens temples, and cancels all Christian clergy’s privileges but declares universal toleration rather than repressing Christianity and seeks to ridicule the latter, pointing out incongruity of Christian teachers accepting pagan classics; later Christians are banned from teaching. Salaries given to pagan priesthoods. pagan temples granted charitable functions to counter-act Christians’ appeal.

? ? ? ? ? ?朱利安恢復(fù)了官方的異教祭祀，重新開放神殿，并取消了所有基督教神職人員的特權(quán)，但宣布普遍容忍而不是壓制基督教；他試圖嘲笑后者，指出基督教教師接受異教經(jīng)典的不協(xié)調(diào)性；后來基督徒被禁止授課。向異教祭司發(fā)放工資。異教神殿被授予慈善職能，以抵制基督徒的反對。

Julian orders compilation of pagan dogma, encourages Christian sects to fight each other, and plans rebuilding of Jewish temple in Jerusalem.

? ? ? ? ? 朱利安下令編纂異教教義，鼓勵基督教教派相互爭斗，并計劃在耶路撒冷重建猶太教圣殿。

May Julian leaves Constantinople; 18 July he reaches Antioch, on illomened day of Adonis lamentations, to prepare for Persian war, and encourages pagan shrines and festivals in the area especially the sacred grove at Daphne with its prostitutes; October Temple of Apollo at Daphne, centre of cult, is burnt and Julian blames Christians and closes Antioch cathedral.

? ? ? ? ? 5月，朱利安離開君士坦丁堡；7月18日，他到達(dá)安提阿，在阿多尼斯悲嘆的不祥之日，為波斯戰(zhàn)爭做準(zhǔn)備，并鼓勵該地區(qū)的異教圣地和節(jié)日，特別是達(dá)夫尼的圣林及其妓女；10月，達(dá)夫尼的阿波羅神廟被燒毀，這是崇拜的中心，朱利安指責(zé)基督徒并關(guān)閉了安提阿大教堂。

Athanasius calls council at Alexandria to rule on rival non-Arian churches of Miletius and Paulinus at Antioch, and accepts the latter as does Pope.

? ? ? ? ? ?亞他那修在亞歷山大召開會議，對安提阿的米利修斯和保利努斯這兩個非阿里派教會進(jìn)行裁決，并接受后者為教皇。

公元363年

East東羅馬

Julian and Sallust assume consulship at Antioch; riots over shortage of grain in city. Julian gathers large army to invade Persia, and writes Against the Galleans against Christians and a satire on ungrateful Antiochenes. Deaths of Julians’ uncle Count Julian and finance-minister Felix.

? ? ? ? ? 朱利安和薩魯斯特在安提阿擔(dān)任執(zhí)政官；城市中因糧食短缺而發(fā)生暴亂。朱利安集結(jié)大軍進(jìn)攻波斯，并撰寫了《反對加里安人反對基督徒》和《諷刺忘恩負(fù)義的安提奧希內(nèi)斯》。朱利安的叔叔朱利安伯爵和財政部長菲利克斯去世。

? Athanasius expelled from Alexandria again.

? ? ? ? ? ? 亞他那修再次被逐出亞歷山大城。

5 March Julian leaves Antioch; his army and fleet cross frontier 6 April to descend Euphrates, taking Perisabora and Morozamalcha where Julian joins in assaults, to cross via canal to the Tigris at Ctesiphon while cousin Procopius marches down Tigris via Adiabene; Procopius fails to arrive on time, so Julian abandons siege of Ctesiphon, burns ships, and marches up-river; 26 June he is fatally wounded in side by arrow during skirmish, probably by assassins, and dies aged 31 or 32; 27 June Christian officer Jovian elected Emperor by officers as compromise as Constantius’ old generals and Julian’s loyalists oppose each other’s nominees.

? ? ? ? ? ?3月5日，朱利安離開安提阿；他的軍隊和艦隊于4月6日越過邊境，沿幼發(fā)拉底河而下，攻占佩里薩博拉（Perisabora）和莫羅扎馬爾查（Morozamalcha），朱利安參與了進(jìn)攻行動，他率領(lǐng)軍隊通過運(yùn)河到底格里斯的泰西封（Ctesiphon），而他的表弟Procopius經(jīng)阿迪亞波納向底格里斯進(jìn)軍；Procopius未能按時到達(dá)，所以朱利安放棄圍攻泰西封，燒毀船只，并向河流上游進(jìn)軍。6月26日，他在小規(guī)模戰(zhàn)斗中被箭射傷，可能是被刺客所傷，死于31或32歲；6月27日，基督教軍官約維安被軍官們推舉為皇帝，因為君士坦提烏斯二世的舊將和朱利安的忠臣互相反對對方的提名人，所以雙方相互妥協(xié)了。

Jovian cancels all Julian’s anti-Christian legislation and secures a hasty peace with Persia at Dara, surrendering Nisibis and 5 provinces in Mesopotamia and Armenia and abandoning Roman protectorate over kingdom of Armenia. Jovian leads evacuation of Nisibis by distraught citizens as Persian garrison arrives; he sends to his father-in-law Lucillan to take over West as ‘Master of Soldiers’.

? ? ? ? ? ?約維安取消了朱利安的所有反基督教立法，并在達(dá)拉與波斯達(dá)成匆忙的和平協(xié)議；他交出尼西比斯和美索不達(dá)米亞及亞美尼亞的5個省份，放棄羅馬對亞美尼亞王國的保護(hù)。當(dāng)波斯駐軍抵達(dá)時，約維安帶領(lǐng)心煩意亂的市民撤離尼西比斯；他派其岳父盧西蘭作為 "士兵的主人 "接管西部。

Bishop Athanasius and other exiles recalled.

? ? ? ? ? ?亞他那修主教和其他流亡者被召回。

Julian buried at Tarsus ; riots in Antioch.

? ? ? ? ? ?朱利安被埋葬在塔蘇斯；安提阿發(fā)生暴亂。

公元364年

East東羅馬

Jovian and young son Varronian consuls; February Jovian dies suddenly at Ancyra en route to Constantinople, aged around 34/40, possibly of noxious paint-fumes at lodgings, and generals hold election-meeting at Nicaea.

? ? ? ? ? ? 約維安和小兒子瓦羅尼安擔(dān)任執(zhí)政官；2月，約維安在前往君士坦丁堡的途中在安西拉突然死亡，年齡約為34/40歲，可能是在住處被有毒的油漆煙霧熏死的，將軍們在尼西亞舉行選舉會議。

Sallust is offered the throne but refuses and Jorianus’ relative Januarius rejected; Pannonian military commander Valentinian, son of Count Gratian, elected (aged 43) and marches to Constantinople 28 March; he makes his younger brother Valens co-ruler despite advice not to appoint relative if he puts state above family.

? ? ? ? ? ?薩魯斯特被授予王位，但拒絕了，約里安的親戚亞努烏斯被拒絕；潘諾尼亞軍事指揮官格拉蒂安伯爵的兒子瓦倫蒂尼安當(dāng)選（43歲），并于3月28日進(jìn)軍君士坦丁堡；他讓弟弟瓦倫斯擔(dān)任共同統(tǒng)治者，盡管有人建議不要任命親戚——除非他把國家置于家庭之上。

Valentinian announces division of the Empire at Mediana near Naissus, Illyricum – Valens is to rule the East and proceeds to Constantinople, where his Arian wife Alba Dominica and Bishop Eudoxius influence him in favour of Arians and Alba’s father Petronias, leading minister, is resented for misrule.

? ? ? ? ? 瓦倫提尼安在伊利里庫姆的尼斯（Naissus）附近的梅迪亞納（Mediana）宣布帝國分裂——瓦倫斯將統(tǒng)治東方，并前往君士坦丁堡，他的阿里教妻子Alba Dominica和尤多修斯主教對他施加影響，支持阿里教；Alba的父親Petronias是主要的大臣，因統(tǒng)治不善而受到譴責(zé)。

Victor and Arintheus appointed ‘Masters of Soldiers’ in the East.

? ? ? ? ? 維克多和阿林修斯在東方被任命為 "士兵的主人"。

Shapur II invades Armenia.

? ? ? ? ? 沙普爾二世入侵亞美尼亞。

Valens confirms decrees and appointments of Constantius’ Arian church councils.

? ? ? ? ? 瓦倫斯確認(rèn)了君士坦提烏斯的阿里烏派教會會議的法令及任命。

公元365年

East東羅馬

28 September Julian’s refugee cousin Procopius seizes Constantinople with support from guards-regiments during Valens’ absence and is joined by Constantius II’s widow Faustina and the armies in Thrace and on Danube; he marches into Bithynia, November defeating Valens at Chalcedon; Valens flees to interior and considers abdicating but rallies troops in Lycia with generals Arintheus, Lupicinus, and the recalled Arbetio.

? ? ? ? ? ?9月28日 朱利安的難民表弟Procopius在瓦倫斯缺席期間，在衛(wèi)隊的支持下奪取了君士坦丁堡，并與君士坦提烏斯二世的遺孀福斯蒂娜以及色雷斯和多瑙河上的軍隊會合；他進(jìn)軍比提尼亞，11月在卡爾西頓擊敗瓦倫斯；瓦倫斯逃往內(nèi)地并考慮退位，但在利西亞與阿林修斯、盧比西納和被召回的阿爾貝托等將軍集結(jié)部隊。

公元366年

West西羅馬

Valentinian fights Alemanni on the Rhine.

? ? ? ? ? 瓦倫提尼安在萊茵河畔與阿勒曼尼人作戰(zhàn)。

East東羅馬

27 May Procopius defeated at Nacoli, and later captured hiding in Phrygia and executed; his relative Marcellinus and Gothic mercenaries are driven out of Chalcedon and his general Equitius defeated in Thrace; Valens starts war against Goths North of Danube for aiding rebels.

? ? ? ? ? 5月27日，Procopius在納科利被擊敗，后來躲在弗里吉亞被俘并被處決；他的親戚馬塞利努斯和哥特雇傭軍被趕出卡爾西頓，將軍艾奎提烏斯在色雷斯被擊??；瓦倫斯因幫助叛軍而對多瑙河以北的哥特人發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭。

24 September Death of Pope Liberius; deacon Ursinus elected at Julian Basilica, but a faction elects Damasus whose partisans storm Basilica and massacre enemies; 1 October he is consecrated in stormed Lateran Basilica, and fighting until 26 October Liberian Basilica stormed too to secure his control of Church of Rome; the disorders seriously damage Papacy’s reputation.

? ? ? ? ? 9月24日，教宗利伯略去世；執(zhí)事烏爾西努斯在朱利安大教堂當(dāng)選，但一派人推舉達(dá)馬蘇斯，其黨羽沖進(jìn)大教堂，屠殺對手；10月1日，他在拉特蘭大教堂被祝圣，戰(zhàn)斗至10月26日，利比里烏斯大教堂也被占領(lǐng)，以確保他對羅馬教會的控制；這些混亂嚴(yán)重?fù)p害教廷的聲譽(yù)。

公元367年

East東羅馬

Early Execution of Count Theodosius, father of the later Emperor Theodosius, at Carthage, probably due to Gratian’s ministers’ fear of his popularity.

? ? ? ? ? 在迦太基，人們提前處決了狄奧多西伯爵——后來的狄奧多西皇帝的父親，可能是由于格拉蒂昂的大臣們對他的人氣感到恐懼。

West西羅馬

Valentinian makes elder son Gratian, aged 8, co-emperor.

? ? ? ? ? 瓦倫提尼安讓8歲的長子格拉蒂安擔(dān)任聯(lián)合皇帝。

公元368年

East東羅馬

Isaurian rebels raid across Anatolia and kill Imperial ‘Vicar’ Musonius.

Roman army installs late ruler Arsaces’ son Pap as king of Armenia.

? ? ? ? ? 伊蘇里亞叛軍襲擊了整個安納托利亞，并殺死了帝國的 "牧師 "穆索尼亞斯。羅馬軍隊將已故統(tǒng)治者阿爾薩塞斯的兒子帕普安置為亞美尼亞國王。

公元369年

East東羅馬

Valens crosses the Danube, defeats Goths, and captures ‘king’ Athanaric;

successful conclusion to Gothic war.

? ? ? ? ? 瓦倫斯渡過多瑙河，擊敗哥特人，并抓住了 "國王 "阿塔納里克。

成功結(jié)束了哥特人的戰(zhàn)爭。

Persians overrun Iberia and expel king Sauromax.

? ? ? ? ? 波斯人占領(lǐng)了伊比利亞，并驅(qū)逐了國王索羅麥斯。

公元370年

East東羅馬

Death of Eudoxius, Bishop of Constantinople; succeeded by another Arian, Demophilus. 9 April dedication of Church of Holy Apostles, Constantinople.

? ? ? ? ? ?君士坦丁堡主教尤多克斯去世；由另一位阿里派人士德莫菲勒斯繼任。4月9日，君士坦丁堡的圣使徒教堂落成。

Valens leaves his capital for Antioch to take charge of Persian war.

? ? ? ? ? 瓦倫斯離開他的首都前往安提阿，負(fù)責(zé)波斯的戰(zhàn)爭。

Terentius restores Sauromax to Iberia.

? ? ? ? ? 泰倫提斯將索羅麥斯接到伊比利亞。

Basil, leading orthodox theologian, appointed Bishop of Caesarea-in-Cappadocia and starts active promotion of orthodox candidates in local appointments.

? ? ? ? ? 巴西爾，正統(tǒng)神學(xué)家，他被任命為卡帕多西亞的凱撒利亞主教，并開始在地方任命中積極提拔正統(tǒng)的候選人。

未? ?完? ?待? ?續(xù)? ?！