重難點分析

名詞性從句是歷年高考的重點和難點，也是熱點。掌握好名詞性從句這個語法項目有著極為重要的意義。名詞性從句相當于名詞，可作主句的主語、賓語、表語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句（見下表）。

主語從句

作主語，用that, whether, if, what(=the thing that)等連接詞引導。

賓語從句

作賓語，用that（可省略）, ? whether（or not）, if, what(=the thing which)等連接詞引導。

表語從句

用that（一般不省略）, ? whether, what(=the thing which)等連接詞引導。

同位語從句

用that（常用在news, ? thought, idea, plan, suggestion, fact等詞后），whether等連接詞引導。

一、主語從句

主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主語謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。如：

Who will go is not important. 誰將去不是重要的。

1. it作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子每一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人時也可用who/whom。如：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. (主語從句) 你沒去看電影真是遺憾。

It is in the morning that the murder took place. （強調句）謀殺案發(fā)生的時間是在早晨。

2. 用it作形式主語的結構

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句型

例句

1

It is+名詞+主語從句

It is a fact ? that…事實是……/ It is ? an honor that…非常榮幸……/ It ? is common knowledge that… ……是常識

2

It is+形容詞+主語從句

It is natural ? that………很自然/ It is ? strange that… 奇怪的是…… （此句型后面常接虛擬語氣should+動詞原形）

3

It+不及物動詞+主語從句

It seems that…似乎……/ It happened that…碰巧……/ It appears that…似乎……

4

It is/has been+過去分詞+主語從句

It is reported ? that…據(jù)報道……/ It ? has been proved that…據(jù)證實……/ It is said that…據(jù)說……/ It is believed that 據(jù)認為/一般人都認為……

2. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況

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說明

例句

1

if引導的主語從句不可位于復合句句首

Whether he will ? come or not in unknown. (正)

If he will come ? or not is unknown. (誤)

2

It is ? said/reported…結構中的主語從句不可提前

It is said that Mr. ? Xi will visit our school next week. (正)

Mr. Xi will ? visit our school next week is said. (誤)

3

It ? happens/occurs…結構中的主語從句不可提前

It occurred to ? him that he failed in the examination. (正)

That he failed ? in the examination occurred to him. (誤)

4

It doesn’t matter ? how/whether…結構中的主語從句不可提前

It doesn’t ? matter whether he is wrong or not. (正)

Whether he is ? wrong or not doesn’t matter. (誤)

5

含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前

Isn’t likely ? that it will rain in the evening? (正)

Is that it will ? rain in the evening likely? (誤)

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二、賓語從句

賓語從句是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。

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說明

例句

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作動詞的賓語

由that引導的賓語從句（that通常可以省略）

I heard (that) ? he joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。

由what, whether/if, when, where等引導的賓語從句

She did not know ? what had happened. 她不知道發(fā)生了什么。

動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句

She told me that ? she would accept my invitation. 她告訴我她將接受我的邀請。

2

作介詞的賓語

Our success ? depends on/upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我們的成功取決于我們互相合作得有多好。

3

作形容詞的賓語

I am afraid ? (that) I have made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了個錯。

4

It可以作為形式賓語

We heard it that ? she would get married next month. 我們聽說她下個月打算結婚。

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否定前移（若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式）。

I don’t think ? this dress fits you well. 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。

注意：that引導的從句常跟在某些形容詞后作賓語，如：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content等。也可將此類詞后的從句看作是原因狀語從句。

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三、表語從句

表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的引導詞that一般不省略。另外，常用的含有表語從句的結構還有“The reason is that…”，“It is because…”，“That’s why…”等。如：

The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 他上學遲到的原因是他錯過了早班車。

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四、同位語從句

同位語從句是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。

說明

例句

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同位語的功能

(一般由that引導)

對于名詞進一步解釋

The king’s ? decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 國王做出釋放那個罪犯的決定讓所有人都很吃驚。

說明名詞的具體內容

The order that ? all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 所有的士兵都應該保持不動，這個命令是將軍下的。

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同位語從句在句子中的位置

有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，被別的詞隔開

He got the news ? from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他從瑪麗那里得到消息——運動會被推遲了。

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五、whether, if引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別

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說明

例句

1

句首引導主語從句只能用whether

Whether we will ? go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 我們明天是否去野營取決于天氣。

2

if不能引導表語從句

What the doctor ? really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease ? soon. 醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我的母親是否會很快從重病中恢復。

3

if不能引導介詞后的賓語從句

Everything ? depends on whether we can make a plan that they will agree to. 一切取決于我們能否做出一個他們會同意的計劃。

4

賓語從句是否定句只能用if

I asked Peter if ? he hadn’t decided what he would say at the meeting. 我問皮特他是不是還沒決定會議上他講的內容。

5

discuss后的賓語從句只能用whether引導

We discussed ? whether the medicine will cause side effects. 我們討論了這個藥是否會引起副作用。

注意：doubt作“懷疑”解，后接賓語從句時，如主句是肯定的，賓語從句用whether或if引導，如主句是否定，賓語從句只能用that引導。如：

I doubt whether/if he is fit for the job. 我懷疑他是否勝任這份工作。

I don’t doubt that he can do it very well. 他能把它做好，我不懷疑。

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考點練透

一、單句填空 用適當?shù)倪B詞填空，補全下列句子。

1. I can’t decide ?????????dictionary I would buy.

2. That’s ?????????he refused my invitation.

3. I am very interested in ?????????he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.

4. ?????????we need is more time.

5. The fact ?????????she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.

6. ?????????and ?????????they will meet has not been decided yet.

7. Please tell me ?????????you are waiting for.

8. Is that ?????????you are looking for?

9. Would you please tell me ?????????the nearest post office is?

10. I don’t know ?????????he will agree to the plan or not.

11. ?????????is done can’t be undone.

12. Take care ?????????you don’t make mistakes in the coming exam.

13. To his surprise, the umbrella was not ?????????he had put.

14. ?????????we can’t get seems better than ?????????we have.

15. ?????????he is willing to come is not important.

16. ?????????they are most interested in is ?????????they can produce more and better cars.

17. It doesn’t matter ?????????I rest or not.

18. ?????????I have will be yours sooner or later.

19. I think it is ?????????you are eating too much.

20. Can you make sure ?????????Alice has put the gold necklace?

21. —Do you remember ?????????he came?

—Yes, I do. He came by train.

22. Mother asked me ?????????was wrong with me.

23. ?????????they have won the game made us excited.

24. ?????????he says in his report is a very interesting question.

25. That is ?????????he failed to arrive on time.

二、語篇填空 根據(jù)短文意思用適當?shù)脑~填空。

I don’t know ???1?? ?you have noticed ???2?? ?some students don’t want to walk to school. It can be seen every day ???3?? ?their parents drive them to school. But nowadays, it should be brought to our notice ???4?? ?the air is seriously polluted. ???5?? ?can we do about it? Here I have a suggestion ???6?? ?we should ride on our bike to school! ???7?? ?we can do it will not only have significant benefits for our health, ???8?? ?also help improve our environment. ???9?? ?we will have a better environment depends on ???10?? ?we can do for ourselves and for nature.

三、語法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Keeping complaining can be a hurt in interpersonal relationships. So, ??1? ?(improve) relationship with others, you need to be aware of several sensible ???2? ??(way) to complain. To begin with, you need to be specific. Don’t say, “Boy, did you act like a fool at the party?” Instead, say, “You embarrassed me by getting drunk and telling ??3? ?(offend) jokes to my parents.” Secondly, stick to the present. Don’t mention old offences ??4? ?are from last month or last year. ??5? ?doing this, you take away attention from the problem at hand. Moreover, ??6? ?you complain, never add insults. If you start calling the other person names, that only ??7? ?(create) anger and hurt any chance of getting the person to really listen to ??8? . A last point to remember is to complain privately. Never criticize the other person in front of friends, parents, children, or anyone else for that matter. Criticizing in front of a third party has the same effect as insults. This shames the person ??9? ?(criticize) and makes ??10? ?very likely that the person will want to attack you orally rather than listen to you.

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參考答案

考點練透

一、單句填空

1. which? 2. why? 3. how? 4. What? 5. that? 6. When; where? 7. whom(m)? 8. what? 9. where? 10. whether? 11. What? 12. that? 13. where? 14. What; what? 15. Whether? 16. What; how? 17. whether? 18. Whatever? 19. because? 20. where? 21. how? 22. what? 23. That? 24. What? 25. why

二、語篇填空

1. whether? 2. that? 3. that? 4. that? 5. What? 6. that? 7. That? 8. but? 9. Whether? 10. what

三、語法填空

一直抱怨對人際關系是一種損害。對此，本文作者告訴我們如何明智地進行抱怨。

1. to improve? 考查非謂語動詞。作目的狀語用動詞不定式。

2. ways? 考查名詞單復數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的several可知要用復數(shù)形式。

3. offensive? 考查詞類轉換。形容詞修飾名詞。offensive意為“攻擊性的、冒犯性的”。

4. which? 考查連接詞。此處which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞old offences，并在從句中作主語。

5. By? 考查介詞。分析句子成分可知，? 5? ?doing this在句中不作主語、賓語或表語，故填介詞。根據(jù)上下語境，此處理應是表“通過這么做，你就可以……”，故填介詞By最合適。注意首字母要大寫。

6. when? 考查連接詞。空后是兩個分句，填連接詞。根據(jù)上下語境和句意可知，此處理應是個時間狀語從句，故填when。

7. will create? 考查動詞時態(tài)。常用句型If sb…, sb. will …。

8. you? 考查代詞。缺少介詞賓語填代詞，根據(jù)上下語境和前面的主語you可知此處填賓語you。

9. being criticized ?考查非謂語動詞。分析句子成分可知，動詞criticize在此作非謂語動詞。而criticize與邏輯主語the person卻存在被動關系，故考慮現(xiàn)在分詞形式。但根據(jù)上下語境和句意可知，此處理應是指“這會使那個正在被批評的人非常丟臉”才對，故填being criticized作后置定語為最佳答案。此題較難。

10. it? 考查代詞。此處it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的that從句。

助讀詞匯

sensible adj. 明智的?????????? specific adj. 具體的

offence n. 冒犯?????????????? insult n. 侮辱

privately adv. 私下地????????? shame vt. 使丟臉

orally adv. 口頭上??????????? interpersonal relationship 人際關系

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