助推 / nudge


「釋義」
助推是行為科學(xué)、政治哲學(xué)和行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的概念。助推理論提出了通過(guò)正向強(qiáng)化的和間接建議的方式來(lái)影響群體和個(gè)人的行為和決策。助推不同于教育、立法或強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行等其他使人達(dá)成守規(guī)的方式。
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「應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景」
公司為了推進(jìn)創(chuàng)新,積極發(fā)展內(nèi)部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資、孵化器和加速器,前往硅谷進(jìn)行實(shí)地考察,為此投入了數(shù)十億美元。然而,麥肯錫一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,94%的高管對(duì)自己所在公司的創(chuàng)新表現(xiàn)并不滿意。這是為什么?我們認(rèn)為,原因在于公司未能注意一個(gè)巨大的根本障礙:扼殺創(chuàng)新的日常事務(wù)。所幸這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以解決。
To catalyze innovation, companies have invested billions in internal venture capital, incubators, accelerators, and field trips to Silicon Valley. Yet according to a McKinsey survey, 94% of executives are dissatisfied with their firms’ innovation performance. Why? We believe that it’s because they’ve failed to address a huge underlying obstacle: the day-to-day routines and rituals that stifle innovation. Fortunately, it’s possible to “hack” this problem.
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這套方法所需的成本并不高,但需要公司投入一定的時(shí)間和精力,設(shè)置干預(yù)方案BEAN,即行為促成因素、實(shí)物和助推?!靶袨榇俪梢蛩亍笔侵柑囟ǚ椒ɑ蛄鞒蹋沟脝T工能夠更簡(jiǎn)單地做一些不一樣的事??吹靡?jiàn)、摸得著的“實(shí)物”則為新行為提供支持?!爸啤笔莵?lái)自行為科學(xué)的策略,通過(guò)間接的建議和強(qiáng)化來(lái)推進(jìn)改變。
Like most hacks, our approach isn’t expensive, though it does take time and energy. It involves setting up interventions we call BEANs, shorthand for?behavior enablers,?artifacts,?and?nudges.?Behavior enablers are tools or processes that make it easier for people to do something different. Artifacts—things you can see and touch—support the new behavior. And nudges, a tactic drawn from behavioral science, promote change through indirect suggestion and reinforcement.
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以上文字選自《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》中文版2020年2月刊《打破創(chuàng)新障礙》
斯科特·安東尼(Scott D.Anthony) 保羅·科班(Paul Cobban)拉胡爾·奈爾(Rahul Nair)納塔莉·潘紹(Natalie Painchaud)丨文
馬冰侖?丨編輯