第一段

hierarchy

a?system?in which?people?or things are?arranged?according?to?their?importance?等級(jí)制度Some?monkeys?have a very?complex?social?hierarchy.

有些猴群中出現(xiàn)了非常復(fù)雜的種群等級(jí)。

perch

to be in a high?position?or in a?position?near the?edge?of something, or to put something in this?position?（使）位于高處（或…的邊緣）；（使）棲息在高處（或…的邊緣）

The?village?is perched on?top?of a high?hill.

村子坐落在一個(gè)高山頂上。

第二段

entrenched

Entrenched?ideas?are so?fixed?or have?existed?for so?long?that they cannot be?changed.?牢固確立的；根深蒂固的；積重難返的

It's very?difficult?to?change?attitudes?that have?become?so?deeply?entrenched over the?years.改變多年以來形成的根深蒂固的舊看法是很困難的。

第三段

blunt

saying what you?think?without?trying?to be?polite?or?considering?other people's?feelings?直率的；生硬的；直截了當(dāng)?shù)?/span>

I'll be blunt - that last?piece?of?work?you did was?terrible.

我就直說了——你創(chuàng)作的最后一件作品糟糕透了

第五段

convergence

the?fact?that two or more things,?ideas, etc.?become?similar?or come together?（觀點(diǎn)等）趨于一致，趨同；會(huì)合，聚集

a convergence?of?interests/opinions/ideas?利益／觀點(diǎn)／想法趨同

blurred?(also?blurry)

difficult?to?see?模糊的

The?photograph?was very blurred.?這張照片很模糊。

第六段

smudge

If?ink,?paint, etc. smudges or if someone smudges it, it?becomes?dirty?or not?clear?because someone or something has?touched?it.?（墨跡、畫作等）被弄臟，被弄模糊；把…弄臟

She was?crying?and her?mascara?had smudged.

她正在哭，睫毛膏都哭花了。

scramble up

to?move?or?climb?quickly?but with?difficulty, often using?your?hands?to?help?you?（急速而艱難地）移動(dòng)；爬；攀登

She scrambled?up?the?steep?hillside?and?over?the?rocks.

她爬上了陡峭的山坡，翻過巖石。

第七段

aristocracy

a?class?of?people?who?hold?high?social?rank?貴族，貴族階級(jí)

members?of the aristocracy?貴族階級(jí)成員

uninhabited

An uninhabited?place?has no?people?living?in it.?（地方）無人居住的，荒無人煙的

an uninhabited?island?無人居住的島嶼

第八段
entail

to make something?necessary, or to?involve?something?使必要；牽涉

Such a?large?investment?inevitably?entails some?risk.

這樣的巨額投資必然會(huì)有一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。