一、單詞

darkness /?dɑ?kn?s/ n. 黑暗；

-ness 是名詞的后綴?happiness, nervousness, carelessness n.粗心

dark adj. 黑暗的

Why are you sitting in the darkness?

explain /?k?sple?n/ v. 解釋，說(shuō)明；

explanation n.解釋?

①explain sth to sb

Please explain this to me like I am five years old.

②interpret v.解釋（強(qiáng)調(diào)翻譯）語(yǔ)言之間的解釋

interpreter n. 解釋程序，翻譯員，講解員

interpretation n. 解釋、闡明，口譯，通譯

interpretress n. 女翻譯員

coast /k??st/ n. 海岸，海濱；

= shore?= seashore

In contrast to a coast, a shore can border any body of water, while the coast must border

an ocean or a sea. Therefore, in that sense, a coast is a type of shore.

bank?n.河岸，壩，堤 （兩邊比水面高）

storm /st??m/ n. 暴風(fēng)雨，暴風(fēng)雪，風(fēng)暴；

rain storm?暴風(fēng)雨

snow storm 暴風(fēng)雪

brain storm 頭腦風(fēng)暴

sand storm 沙塵暴?

She was/got caught in a storm.

towards /t??w??dz/ prep. 向，朝著；接近達(dá)到（目的）；接近，將近（某一時(shí)間）；接近，靠近（某地）；

towards vs to

towards 比較有過(guò)程感, 強(qiáng)調(diào)越來(lái)越接近

to 只表示方向

towards evening 逐漸接近傍晚（一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)變黑了）

walk towards the door.

The ball flew towards me.?

rock /r?k/ n. 巖石；礁石；

rock 表示huge stone

shore /???(r)/ n. （海、湖或大河的）濱，岸；?

light /la?t/ n. 光，光線；光源（如電燈）；日光，陽(yáng)光；?

ahead /??hed/ adv./adj. 在前面，朝前面；

go ahead?

ahead 的用法

① 放在被修飾詞的后面作定語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)后置

light ahead 前方的燈光

② ahead of 在…前面

He went ahead of me 他走在我前面

③ go ahead 朝前走，請(qǐng)隨便（回答請(qǐng)求時(shí)用）

Would you mind my using your telephone?/ Can I use your telephone?

Ok, go ahead

Can I smoke here?

Go ahead/ Sorry, + 一個(gè)原因

cliff /kl?f/ n. 懸崖，峭壁

struggle /?str?ɡ(?)l/ v.掙扎?

hospital /?h?sp?t(?)l/ n. 醫(yī)院；?

go to hospital 去醫(yī)院看病

go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院（看望病人）

in hospital 住院

in the hospital 在醫(yī)院

go to school 去上學(xué)

go to the school 去學(xué)校

go to church去做禮拜

go to the church 去教堂

二、原文

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.?

三、課文和語(yǔ)法

1、Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.

1） nearly adv. 將近

nearly a week 快一個(gè)星期了

some time later 一段時(shí)間以后

explain what had… 是賓語(yǔ)從句

be able to do sth 能夠做某事

sth happen to sb 某事發(fā)生在某人身上

pass v. 過(guò) ?pass-passed-passed

A week passed.

past??prep. 超過(guò) It’s eleven past ten.

n. 過(guò)去 ?We can’t change the past.

adj. 過(guò)去的 ??The past experiences brought me here.

before 意思為“.…才….” 它所引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于句首

2、One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.

1) set out/off = begin a journey??出發(fā)

2) be caught in?被困在…

We were caught in a rain

I was caught in a traffic jam yesterday.

3) 遇上： meet vs be caught in vs bump into/run into

meet 遇見

be caught in+ 災(zāi)難/困難

bump into sb?= run into sb 偶爾碰上，碰巧遇上某人

3、Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.

into vs in

in 表靜態(tài)，一直在里面

into 是表動(dòng)態(tài)，進(jìn)入到里面

walk into the classroom

I’m sitting in the classroom

strike-struck-struck ?強(qiáng)調(diào)的往往是猛烈的撞擊

4、Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

to 強(qiáng)調(diào)朝哪個(gè)方向去，沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)越來(lái)越近

towards 朝哪個(gè)方向去，強(qiáng)調(diào)距離越來(lái)越近

5、During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.

cover 籠統(tǒng)的表示“行過(guò)（一段路程）”,?根據(jù)上下文具體譯為“走過(guò)、飛過(guò)、游過(guò)”等

The bird covered the distance in three minutes.

a distance of + 具體長(zhǎng)度 表具體的距離、多長(zhǎng)的距離

the red army covered a distance of 25000?兩萬(wàn)五千里長(zhǎng)征

6、Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.

a light ahead 前方的一盞燈（ahead 放在被修飾詞的后面）

7、On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.

on+v.ing 相當(dāng)于as soon as?= the moment 或when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

意思是“剛…就…”

as soon as = the moment 后面要加句子，on后面要加v.ing, 承認(rèn)動(dòng)詞是由主句主語(yǔ)做的

On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.

“…up the cliff towards the…”用兩個(gè)介詞起到動(dòng)詞的作用，up 在此處為介詞，表示“沿著……往上”

8、That was all she remembered. 定語(yǔ)從句，省略了that，all 是先行詞

= That was all that she remembered.

9、When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

find + 賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) 發(fā)現(xiàn)… (賓補(bǔ)可以是形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng))

find the books dirty.

I found the books in order.

When I woke up, I found myself in bed.

10、表示方向、目標(biāo)的介詞的用法

1) to : swim to the shore , fly to New York

2) toward: struggle up the cliff toward the light?沿著懸崖向燈光處掙扎爬去

3) for: make for the exit?向出口處走去， set out/off for the beach 出發(fā)前往海灘, leave for Beijing 啟程前往北京

4) into : jump into the sea 跳入海中

out of 從…出來(lái)

5) at：aim at the bird 向鳥瞄準(zhǔn)，shoot at the enemy, throw a stone at the dog, point at people?

四、習(xí)慣用法

On doing sth.