the accusative ending: -n
賓格以"-n"結(jié)尾


Take a look at this English sentence: "The woman kisses the little boy."                                        
來看看這個英語句子"The woman kisses the little boy."（那個婦女在親吻那個小男孩）


How do you know who is kissing, and who is being kissed?                                                              
你怎么樣來判斷誰親吻人還有誰被人親吻的呢？


In English, you know by the word order. The woman comes before the verb, so she is doing the kissing (or to use the grammatical term,she is the subject of the sentence).                                                                
在英語中，你通過順序來判斷。婦女在動詞的前面，所以她是親吻的那個人（或者使用語法術(shù)語，她屬于句子里的主語）    

The little boy comes after the verb, so he's the one being kissed (and he is the grammatical object of the sentence).                                                                                                              

小男孩跟在動詞的后面，所以他是被親吻的那個人（在語法中，小男孩屬于句子里的賓格）

In Esperanto, you can tell who is the subject and who is the object of the sentence by the ending.                                                                  
在世界語中，你可以通過結(jié)尾來判斷誰是主語誰是賓語。

The subject of the sentence, i.e. the one who is doing the kissing, ends in -o .                    

句子的主語，就像親吻人的那個人，是以"-o"結(jié)尾的。

The object of the sentence, the one who is being kissed,has -n added after the -o .          

然而句子中的賓語，也就是被人親吻的小男孩，是以"-on"結(jié)尾的（原文直譯：在結(jié)尾-o后面加了個n）

This means that you can always tell who or what is the subject, and who or what is the object, even if the sentence is switched around:                                                                    

這樣子，你就能夠一眼看出哪個是主語哪個是賓語。即使句子的順序如下文所示：

La virino kisas la malgrandan knabon.
The woman kisses the little boy.

La malgrandan knabon kisas la virino.
The woman kisses the little boy.

(Look for the -n ! This still means "The woman kisses the little boy", even though the word order has been changed.)         看看那個-n，不管單詞的順序怎么擺，這個句子的意思仍然是"The woman kisses the little boy（那個婦女親吻那個小男孩）"

Note that the adjective (in this case malgranda) also takes the -n ending, the same as the noun it refers to: malgrandan knabon .                                        
要注意一下，形容詞（例子里是malgranda）同樣要在結(jié)尾處加上“-n”，和名詞一樣：malgrandan knabon

These sentences mean the same thing, and are all equally correct. They all mean: "The woman kisses the small boy."                                                      
下列的句子意思都是“The woman kisses the small boy. 

（那個婦女在親吻那個小男孩）"，而且都是正確的：

La virino kisas la malgrandan knabon. 
La malgrandan knabon kisas la virino. 
Kisas la virino la malgrandan knabon. 
Kisas la malgrandan knabon la virino. 
La virino la malgrandan knabon kisas. 
La malgrandan knabon la virino kisas.

The -n ending in Esperanto is called the accusative.                                      
以“-n”結(jié)尾的詞，在世界語中叫做賓語

Be aware that the accusative ending -n is never used with the verb estas: Li estas knabo. (He is a boy.)                              不過，以“-n”結(jié)尾的賓語是不會和estas一起使用的，例如：Li estas knabo.（他是個男孩）

賓語和復(fù)數(shù)

If a word already ends in -j, the -n is added after it. 
如果單詞已經(jīng)以“-j”結(jié)尾，那“-n”要加在j后面

Mi man?as bonajn kukojn.
I am eating good cakes. 
（我在吃好的蛋糕）
Mi vidas la belajn virinojn.
I see the beautiful women.
（我看美女）←論中文的博大精深

pronouns（代詞） 

Pronouns also get the n ending. Note how regularly Esperanto pronouns change as compared to their English counterparts:

代詞（當(dāng)賓語時）同樣要加“n”。世界語代詞的變化規(guī)則以及它和英語之間的對比：

WHY MANY EXPRESSIONS END IN –N 

為啥有很多表達的語句都是以“-n”結(jié)尾？


When you use an expression like “Thanks” in English, you are actually shortening a full statement. 
當(dāng)你用英語表達像“Thanks 感謝”一類的詞語時，你就不知不覺將一個完整的表達給縮減

As you have just learned, -n indicates the object of the sentence as you can see in the examples below: 
你剛剛學(xué)過，所以你能夠一眼看出“-n”是下列句子中的賓語

Dankon = Mi donas al vi dankon. 
我向你表達謝意

Thanks = I give you thanks. ("thanks" is the object of the sentence). 
Thanks=我給你謝意 （“thanks”是句子里的賓語）

Saluton! = Mi donas al vi saluton 
saluton!=我向你表示問候

Hi!/Hello!/Greetings! = I give you greetings.("greetings" is the object) Hi!/Hello!/Greetings! = 我向你打招呼（“greetings”是賓語）.

Feli?an novan jaron! = Mi deziras al vi feli?an novanjaron! Happy new year! = I wish you a happy new year! ("happy newyear" is the object) 
Feli?an novan jaron!=我祝福你新年快樂！/新年快樂！/我祝愿你新年快樂！

prepositions
介詞

The noun following a preposition normally takes a simple-o ending (-oj in the plural). Other endings will be explained later. 
名詞跟在介詞后面用“-o”（“-oj”為復(fù)數(shù)）。其他的結(jié)尾會遲點解釋

For example（例如）:
La virino estas en la kafejo.
The woman is in the café. 
那個女人在咖啡館

Ni iras al la parko.
We go to the park. 
我們?nèi)ス珗@

原文來自：http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Accusative

翻譯：vanilo

封面嘛.......是來自手機的雜志鎖屏……具體出自哪我也不知道.....