原文標(biāo)題：
Electric?vehicles
The Tesla conundrum
Is?Elon?Musk’s?company?a?tech?firm?or?a?carmaker?
電動車
特斯拉難題
埃隆·馬斯克的公司是科技公司還是汽車公司？
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Investors conclude that Tesla is a carmaker, not a tech firm
A share-price rout suggests they no longer think it will take over the world
投資商認(rèn)為特斯拉是汽車公司，而非科技公司
股價崩盤表明投資者不再認(rèn)為它會風(fēng)靡全球

[1]
After ?Tesla’s market capitalisation swept past that of Toyota, then the ?world’s most valuable carmaker, in the summer of 2020, devoted fans and incredulous sceptics deployed a new unit of measurement.
2020年夏，特斯拉的市場總值超過了當(dāng)時全球市值最高的汽車公司豐田，自此，忠實(shí)粉絲和懷疑者都對其刮目相看。
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As the electric-vehicle (EV) champion’s share price rose, its worth was couched in terms of the combined value of the next two, then five, then ten biggest carmakers.
隨著這位電車巨頭股價的上升，其市值甚至可以用緊隨其后的兩家制車巨頭的市場總和來描述，之后是五家，然后甚至是十家。
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A year ago Tesla’s market value surpassed $1.2trn, more than most other car firms put together.
一年前，特斯拉的市值超過了1.2萬億美元，高于幾乎所有汽車公司的總值。
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Since then it has lost 72% of that—a sum likewise exceeding the value of most of the industry. The fortune of its mercurial boss, Elon Musk, has shrivelled by more than $200bn as a result.
然而，自那之后，特斯拉的市值損失了72%--同樣也超過了大部分同行的市值。變化無常的老板埃隆·馬斯克的財富最終也縮水了2000億美元以上。?

[2]
The ?latest blow came on January 3rd, after Tesla missed analysts’ ?expectations for deliveries for the third quarter in a row and reported ?that the gap between production and deliveries had grown, suggesting ?softening demand for its EVs.
屋漏偏逢連夜雨，1月3日，特斯拉已經(jīng)連續(xù)三個季度并沒有達(dá)到分析師預(yù)估的交付量，產(chǎn)量與交付量之間的差距逐漸拉大，可見其電動車市場需求下降。?
It ?lost 12% of its value—roughly $50bn, or one Ford Motor Company—in a ?day. Even bullish investors now doubt that Mr Musk will fulfil his ?promise of making 20m cars a year by 2030, or that Tesla’s ”Autopilot” ?is close to becoming a world-changing fully autonomous driving system.
一天內(nèi)它就損失了市值的12%——約500億美元，或者說跌去了一家福特汽車公司?，F(xiàn)在即使是樂觀的投資者都擔(dān)心馬斯克先生能否兌現(xiàn)2030年達(dá)到年產(chǎn)2000萬輛車的承諾，特斯拉的自動駕駛系統(tǒng)是否還能成為改變世界的全自動駕駛系統(tǒng)。?
Yet the main reason for the market’s recalibration of Tesla’s prospects is a dawning realisation that the company is chiefly a carmaker—and that its boss is not superhuman.
但市場對特斯拉發(fā)展前景預(yù)期的改變主要源于，人們開始認(rèn)識到特斯拉主要是個汽車公司，而且它的老板也不是超人。
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[3]
Mr ?Musk has always regarded his company as a tech firm, a peer of digital ?giants like Alphabet, Apple or Meta, not of old-economy metal-bashers ?such as Toyota or Volkswagen.
馬斯克先生總是把自己的公司當(dāng)成科技公司，媲美Alphabet、蘋果和Meta這類數(shù)字化大公司，而非像豐田或大眾汽車這種傳統(tǒng)冶金工業(yè)。
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For a time, so did the market—first as tech shares soared amid the pandemic-era boom in all things digital, then as they slumped ?last year, after their growth began to slow and higher interest rates ?made their promised future profits look less valuable today.
有一段時間，市場確實(shí)如此--先是科技股在疫情時代飆升，然后是去年科技股暴跌，因?yàn)樵鲩L開始放緩，高利率使它們承諾的未來利潤在如今看起來不那么有價值。?
[4]
In ?the past few months, however, Tesla’s share price has suffered a ?sharper correction than big tech. This has coincided with its more ?mundane tribulations as a car business.

在過去幾個月里，特斯拉股價的調(diào)整幅度比大型科技公司更大，同時還面臨著普通汽車企業(yè)的困難。

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And having set the course for the industry’s EV transition, it now faces plenty of competition from established?rivals and a host?of newcomers it inspired.
特斯拉已經(jīng)為行業(yè)電動車轉(zhuǎn)型構(gòu)建好了藍(lán)圖，它現(xiàn)在面臨著多方競爭，如老牌競爭對手和大量受它啟發(fā)的新公司。?
Days after Tesla reported the disappointing figures Volkswagen unveiled its ID.7, a challenger to Tesla’s entry-level Model 3 saloon.
特斯拉公布了令人失望的數(shù)據(jù)，緊接著幾天后，大眾汽車推出了ID.7,與特斯拉的初級轎車Model 3不相上下。
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[5]
EV-buyers, ?for their part, are becoming less willing than early adopters to ?overlook Tesla’s questionable build quality and the interior of a much ?cheaper car.
就電動車購買者而言，他們越來越不愿意忽視特斯拉的質(zhì)量問題和廉價的內(nèi)飾問題。?
And ?the natural Tesla-owners among the wealthy progressive set are less ?prepared to overlook Mr Musk’s libertarian antics at Twitter, which he ?bought in October and has mismanaged with gusto—especially now that they ?have plenty of conscience-salving EV alternatives to choose from.

而且富有的進(jìn)步階層中的特斯拉車主，他們也不太愿意忽視馬斯克在推特上的自由主義滑稽行為。馬斯克在10月份買下了推特，并大張旗鼓地進(jìn)行整治，特別是現(xiàn)在，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多良心電動車可以選擇。

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[6]
Tesla is, in other words, no longer the only game in town—and certainly no tech behemoth. As EV-makers go, though, it still looks impressive.
換句話說，特斯拉不再是唯一的選擇，當(dāng)然它也不是科技巨頭。不過，就電動汽車制造商而言，它仍然令人贊嘆。?
In 2022 it delivered 1.3m cars, 40% more than the year before, and opened two new assembly plants.
在2022年，它交付了130萬輛汽車(比前一年增長了40%)，并開設(shè)了兩個新的裝配廠。
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It ?is working on a smaller, cheaper car and this year will start to ?deliver its long-awaited Cybertruck pick-up. And it is still worth ?$340bn—nearly as much as the next three biggest carmakers combined.
該公司正在研發(fā)一款更小、更便宜的汽車，并且今年將開始推出人們期待已久的賽博皮卡(電動皮卡)。它的市值仍約為3600億美元，大約相當(dāng)于排在它后面的三大汽車制造商的市值總和。
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（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量550左右）
原文出自：2023年1月7日《The Economist》Business版塊。
精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路

本文翻譯整理:Guo Zhenyan本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
在2023年的第一個交易日，該股盤中跌幅超過13%，為去年4月以來最大盤中跌幅，創(chuàng)去年8月以來新低。截至收盤，該股跌12.24%，報108.1美元。特斯拉的市值曾一度超過1萬億美元，在過去的2022年其市值縮水了65%以上。周二股價下滑前，特斯拉報告的去年第四季度的交付量創(chuàng)下了新高，但是仍未達(dá)到預(yù)期。
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TOYOTA是日本豐田汽車公司的注冊商標(biāo)豐田汽車公司的名字；在日語中的羅馬字母to yo ta，“to yo” 是“豐”的發(fā)音 ，“ta”是“田”的發(fā)音。日語中的羅馬字母to yo ta，意為“東洋” ，“ta”是和朝鮮語里“思密達(dá)”相似的語氣助詞。
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自動駕駛系統(tǒng)是一種通過飛行員按一些按鈕和旋轉(zhuǎn)一些旋鈕，或者由導(dǎo)航設(shè)備接收地面導(dǎo)航信號，來自動控制飛行器完成三軸動作的裝置。不同型號的飛機(jī)所裝備的自動駕駛儀可能會有一些小的差別，但是大體相似。
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大眾汽車（德語：Volkswagen）是一家總部位于德國沃爾夫斯堡的汽車制造公司，也是世界四大汽車生產(chǎn)商之一的大眾集團(tuán)的核心企業(yè)。2019年位居《財富》世界500強(qiáng)第9位。Volks在德語中意思為“國民”，Wagen在德語中意思為“汽車”，全名的意思即“國民汽車”，故又常簡稱為“VW”。
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福特汽車公司是美國最大的工業(yè)壟斷組織和世界重要跨國企業(yè)之一。1988年，公司銷售額為924.5億美元，在美國最大的工業(yè)公司中居第2位，在世界最大工業(yè)公司中居第2位。資產(chǎn)額為1433.7億美元。1986年，雇用職工38.2萬人?？偛吭O(shè)在密歇根州迪爾伯恩市。
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【重點(diǎn)句子】（3?個）
Yet ?the main reason for the market’s recalibration of Tesla’s prospects is a ?dawning realisation that the company is chiefly a carmaker—and that its ?boss is not superhuman.
但市場對特斯拉發(fā)展前景預(yù)期的改變主要源于，人們開始認(rèn)識到特斯拉主要是個汽車公司，它的老板也不是超人。
?
In ?the past few months, however, Tesla’s share price has suffered a ?sharper correction than big tech. This has coincided with its more ?mundane tribulations as a car business.
在過去幾個月里，特斯拉股價的調(diào)整幅度比大型科技公司更劇烈，同時還面臨著普通車企的困難。
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EV-buyers, ?for their part, are becoming less willing than early adopters to ?overlook Tesla’s questionable build quality and the interior of a much ?cheaper car.
就電動汽車購買者而言，他們越來越不愿意像早期購買者那樣忽視特斯拉的制造質(zhì)量和廉價的內(nèi)飾問題。