這篇文章主要是應(yīng)付作業(yè)的，沒(méi)有什么很強(qiáng)的批判力或者創(chuàng)造性，但我寫(xiě)的時(shí)候也有一定受益最重要的是我提到了我所提出的媒體恐怖主義概念，大家可以翻譯翻譯看看，我寫(xiě)的很符合中文翻譯語(yǔ)序

The Existence of Terrorism in Modern Times

Eliminating terrorism is a crucial development goal for human society. Terrorism has become a significant concern in international politics and academia, prompting reflection on modernization. While religious state disputes were the core of terrorism in pre-modern times, it has evolved into dissociative terrorist organizations that are non-state entities. This dissociation from national political disputes has led to a form of media terrorism that aligns with the hedonic ideology of capitalism in developed countries, creating a global terror atmosphere that spreads through mixed economic systems. Therefore, by examining the role of religious consciousness, a universal definition of terrorism, and top-down media terrorism, this paper aims to explore the forms and mechanisms of modern terrorism to rediscover and recognize the development of stronger solutions for combating terrorism. First, the degree of attachment to individuals' religious consciousness is directly affected by the life of modern individuals. A study conducted by Koenig classifies the relationship between the degree of belief to delusion, which mainly expresses a strong correlation between work content and belief stickiness, and concludes that the oppressive job content's lack of spirit could unconsciously cause people to become?strongly dependent on faith (Koenig 75). It is noteworthy that what is presented in this study are all modern citizens who were shaped by modernity and gradually developed a religious consciousness throughout their lives. Especially under the oppression of life and the influence of some family religious concepts, they even have a strong attachment to the sublime objects from religious imagery (Koenig 75). Namely, the general belief in modern people is still related to their living conditions and spiritual state. In that way, the role of religious consciousness is directly affected by the life of modern individuals. Secondly, terrorism exists because it is a direct means of political opposition to the government or policies. Modern terrorism is more accurately realized as a kind of political propaganda. The purpose of the terrorist may be to achieve progress at a specific historical node or to serve as an action plan of an ideological group to seize privileges (Crenshaw 386); for example, the anarchist violence against the bourgeoisie in France in the 1890s or the populist radical assassination of the Tsar in Tsarist Russia. According to Crenshaw's research, terrorism is more directly used for individuals or groups who cannot directly participate in and decide the regime's decision-making (Crenshaw 386). It is not only irrelevant to the upper and lower limits of the complexity of the exercise, but also fully demonstrates the diversity of violence in terms of name and specific purpose. Thus, the people who exercise terrorism don't need any thorough and clear plans. Instead, they see terrorism as a direct means of connecting to their minds' fantasy scene. It also means that terrorism exists more as a retrospective construction of acts than a specific name. It can be Gao3 concluded that the basic commonality of terrorism as a broad scope is the arrogance towards social laws and the generous use of violent confrontation. After understanding the real meaning behind terrorism, it will be helpful in solving the problem of terrorism further happening in modern times. Terrorism is also maintained in modern times through top-down terrorist propaganda known as media terrorism. During the Cold War, film technology became more and more decentralized among the people (Fouéré 84). Many extremist productions were produced for political and hedonic objectives, including a film named Africa Addio. Africa Addio is classified as a Mondo film based on documentary style or quasi-real characteristics, and it was a film that was shot by an Italian team in Africa speaking in defense of the perspective of British colonists (Fouéré 84). It is typically a top-down film filled with horror and misleading information that is made for too clear political objectives and thus is constantly being denounced by the public (Fouéré 84). In other words, the relation between such movies and terrorism is that the movie was originally made to defend strict terrorist rule against the colonized. What is truly toxic at present is the surplus of documentary film as an industrial product. The type of work produces hedonic factors and attracts people who obtained the simplified film technology, and then reproduced its form and content into the concealed media space – the Internet. Meanwhile, a common feature is noticeable: the development structure of national productivity under unreasonable intervention - whether internal or external colonization- will lead to various forms of strong counterattack against this violent intervention (Jalata 30). Therefore, the generalization of forms and the invisibility of terrorism given by the anonymous nature of its emanation have pervasively spread the ideology of terrorism into more mass media vehicles in the new era. In modern times, terrorism has become more widespread and diluted, indicating a dangerous trend. This may be due to people's spiritual emptiness, which leads them to rely on faith or terrorism to achieve political goals. The extreme media created by state terrorism is also being used more broadly and popularly. This article first discusses the abstract orientation of religious consciousness, and the modern context of the individual's life determines the individual's attachment to religious beliefs. And then, it discusses the prevalent forms of terrorism and concludes that terrorism exists primarily as a means of extremism rather than as a doctrine and does not require a particularly strict context. Finally, tracing extremist films and videos reveals a different perception of the content of top-down media terrorism in the service of state propaganda and its current spread in new media vehicles. The extreme hedonistic medium created by the film and television productions of state terrorism also maintains a more pervasive and invisible presence among the masses. The conditions in which this occurs reflect the current spiritual crisis that sustains terrorism as fertile ground.?

Works Cited?

Crenshaw, Martha. “The Causes of Terrorism.” Comparative Politics, vol. 13, no. 4, 1981, pp. 379-99, doi.org/10.2307/421717. Accessed 13 Mar. 2023.?

Fouéré, Marie‐Aude. "Film as archive: Africa Addio and the ambiguities of remembrance in contemporary Zanzibar." Social Anthropology/Anthropologie sociale, vol. 24, no. 1, 2016, pp. 82-96, shs.hal.science/halshs01404568/file/FOUERE_FilmArchiveAfricaAddio.pdf. Accessed 13 Mar. 2023.?

Jalata, Asafa. “Terrorism from above and Below.” Phases of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization, 2016, pp. 29–47. doi.org/10.1057/9781137552341_3, Accessed 13 Mar. 2023.?

Koenig, Harold G., et al. “Belief into Action Scale: A Brief but Comprehensive Measure of Religious Commitment.” Open Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 5, no. 1, 2015, pp. 66–77, doi.org/10.4236/ojpsych.2015.51010. Accessed 13 Mar. 2023