背景、符號標記等見序言

57.1 Sed postquam in castra nuntius pervenit Romae coniurationem patefactam, de Lentulo et Cethego ceterisque, quos supra memoravi, supplicium sumptum, plerique, (quos ad bellum spes rapinarum aut novarum rerum studium illexerat), dilabuntur; reliquos Catilina per montis asperos magnis itineribus in agrum Pistoriensem abducit eo consilio, uti per tramites occulte perfugeret in Galliam Transalpinam.

洛：But when news reached the camp that the plot had been discovered at Rome, and that Lentulus, Cethegus, and the others whom I mentioned had been done to death, very many of those whom the hope of pillage or desire for revolution had led I to take up arms began to desert. The remainder Catiline led by forced marches over rugged mountains to the neighbourhood of Pistoria, intending to escape secretly by cross-roads into Transalpine Gaul.

試：But after the message came to the camps that in Rome the conspiracy was disclosed, about Lentulus and Cethegus and the rest, whom I mentioned above, execution was taken, most men, whom the hope of plunders or eagerness of revolution had allured to war; Catiline led the rest through the rough mountains away from the great roads into with Pistoria field with that plan, so that through side-ways he could secretly flee into Transalpine Gallia.

思考：

1. 不清楚pervenit后接的賓格結(jié)構(gòu)是否是不定式從句，或是常用搭配（雙賓語？）。

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57.2 At Q. Metellus Celer cum tribus legionibus in agro Piceno praesidebat ex difficultate rerum eadem illa existumans, quae supra diximus, Catilinam agitare.

洛：But Quintus Metellus Celer, with three legions, was on the watch in the Picene district, inferring from the difficulty of the enemy's position that he would take the very course which I have mentioned.

試：But Quintus Metellus Celer with three legions sit in front in Picenus field, from the difficulty of situations estimating that Catiline thought over those same things, which we said above.

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57.3 [Igitur ubi iter eius ex perfugis cognovit], castra propere movit ac [sub ipsis radicibus montium] consedit, (<qua> (illi) descensus erat (in Galliam properanti)).

洛：Accordingly, when he learned through deserters in what direction Catiline was going, he quickly moved his camp and took up a position at the foot of the very mountains from which the conspirator would have to descend in his flight into Gaul.

試：Therefore when he know his road through the deserters, he moved his camps in haste and settled under the very roots of the mountains, at the place in which was that man’s descent who hastening into Gallia.

思考：

1. qua省略的先行詞應是“（Celer駐扎的）地點”。

2. illi應是屬有與格。

57.4 Neque tamen Antonius procul aberat, utpote qui magno exercitu locis aequioribus expeditos in fuga sequeretur.

洛：Antonius also was not far distant, since he was following the fleeing rebels over more level ground with an army which, though large, was lightly equipped.

試：Nor Antonius was away in the distance, as he with a great army, in plainer grounds, unfettered, followed the men in flight.

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57.5 Sed Catilina, postquam videt montibus atque copiis hostium sese clausum, in urbe res advorsas, neque fugae neque praesidi ullam spem, optumum factu ratus in tali re fortunam belli temptare, statuit cum Antonio quam primum confligere.

洛：Now, when Catiline perceived that he was shut in between the mountains and the forces of his enemies, that his plans in the city had failed, and that he had hope neither of escape nor reinforcements, thinking it best in such a crisis to try the fortune of battle, he decided to engage Antonius as soon as possible.

試：But Catiline, after he saw that himself was blockaded by mountains and troops of enemies, the situations were unfavorable, there was not any hope of flight or defence, he thought the best to do in such situation was to test the fortune of war, he decided to conflict with Antonius at first as possible.

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57.6 Itaque contione advocata huiusce modi orationem habuit:

洛：Accordingly,?he assembled his troops and addressed them in a speech of the following purport:

試：Therefore, with the people summoned he made an oration of this way:

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段落大意 (57)：

得知了羅馬城內(nèi)的共謀者已然失敗被殺后，喀提林打算帶領(lǐng)軍隊經(jīng)由山路秘密進入高盧。但在他必經(jīng)的山腳下，克溫圖斯·梅特路斯·凱萊爾已嚴陣以待，而他身后安托尼烏斯的大軍也緊追不舍。他最終決定要與后者殊死一搏，于是他對全軍做了如下演講。

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58.1 "Compertum ego habeo, milites, verba virtutem non addere neque ex ignavo strenuum neque fortem ex timido exercitum oratione imperatoris fieri.

洛："I am well aware, soldiers, that words do not supply valour, and that a spiritless army is not made vigorous, or a timid one stout-hearted, by a speech from its commander.

試：“I have ascertained, soldiers, that words don’t add courage, an army is neither made vigorous from idle nor strong from cowardly by the oration of general.

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58.2 Quanta cuiusque animo audacia natura aut moribus inest, tanta in bello patere solet. Quem neque gloria neque pericula excitant, nequiquam hortere: timor animi auribus officit.

洛：Only that degree of courage which is in each man's heart either by disposition or by habit, is won’t to be revealed in battle. It is vain to exhort one who is roused neither by glory nor by dangers; the fear he feels in his heart closes his ears.

試：How much boldness of each one with soul is in his nature or customs, that much he is accustomed to be exposed in war. To encourage him whom neither glory nor dangers excite, is in vain: fear of his soul interferes with his ears.

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58.3 Sed ego vos, quo pauca monerem, advocavi, simul uti causam mei consili aperirem.

洛：I have, however, called you together to offer a few words of advice, and at the same time to explain the reason for my resolution.

試：But I have summoned you, so that I shall warn a few things, at the same time so that I shall reveal the purpose of my plan.

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58.4 "Scitis equidem, milites, socordia atque ignavia Lentuli quantam ipsi nobisque cladem attulerit quoque modo, dum ex urbe praesidia opperior, in Galliam proficisci nequiverim.

洛："You know perfectly well, soldiers, how great is the disaster that the incapacity and cowardice of Lentulus have brought upon himself and us, and how, waiting for reinforcements from the city, I could not march into Gaul.

試：“You indeed know, soldiers, the silliness and idleness of Lentulus caused how much damage to himself and to us, also, when I only wait for help from the city, I cannot?proceed to Gallia.

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58.5 Nunc vero quo loco res nostrae sint, iuxta mecum omnes intellegitis.

洛：At this present time, moreover, you understand as well as I do in what condition our affairs stand.

試：Now you all with me indeed know alike, in which place our business is.

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58.6 Exercitus hostium duo, unus ab urbe, alter a Gallia obstant; diutius in his locis esse, si maxume animus ferat, frumenti atque aliarum rerum egestas prohibet.

洛：Two hostile armies, one towards Rome, the other towards Gaul, block our way. We cannot remain longer where we are, however much we may desire it, because of lack of grain and other necessities.

試：Two armies of the enemies, one stand in the way from Rome, another from Gallia; if our willing was in the highest degree, the indigence of grain and other things prevent to be in these regions longer.

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58.7 Quocumque ire placet, ferro iter aperiundum est.

洛：Wherever we decide to go, we must hew a path with the sword.

試：It is proper to go wherever;?the road should be opened up by sword.

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58.8 Quapropter vos moneo, uti forti atque parato animo sitis et, cum proelium inibitis, memineritis vos divitias, decus, gloriam, praeterea libertatem atque patriam in dextris vostris portare.

洛：Therefore,?I counsel you to be brave and ready of spirit, and when you enter the battle to remember that you carry in your own right hands riches, honour, glory yea, even freedom and your native land.

試：Wherefore I warn you, as you are with a strong and prepared soul, when you go into the combat, you shall remember that you carry wealth, herd, glory, besides liberty and fatherland in your right hands.

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58.9 Si vincimus, omnia nobis tuta erunt: commeatus abunde, municipia atque coloniae patebunt;

洛：If we win, complete security will be ours, supplies will abound, free towns and colonies will open their gates;

試：If we win, all things are safe to us: passages in abundance, free towns and colonies are open;

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58.10 si metu cesserimus, eadem illa advorsa fient, neque locus neque amicus quisquam teget, quem arma non texerint.

洛：but if we yield to fear, the very reverse will be true: no place and no friend will guard the man whom arms could not protect.

試：if we retreat in fear, the same things are made different, neither any place nor friend covers he, whom arms don’t cover.

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58.11 Praeterea, milites, non eadem nobis et illis necessitudo inpendet: nos pro patria, pro libertate, pro vita certamus, illis supervacaneum est pugnare pro potentia paucorum.

洛：Moreover, soldiers, we and our opponents are not facing the s same exigency. We are battling for country, for freedom, for life; theirs is a futile contest, to uphold the power of a few men.

試：Moreover, soldiers, not the same necessity is imminent to us and to them: we contend for fatherland, for liberty, for life, to them it is superfluous to fight for the power of the few.

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58.12 Quo audacius aggredimini memores pristinae virtutis!

洛：March on, therefore, with the greater courage, mindful of your former valour.

試：Wherefore approach more boldly, you should relate of the former courage!

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58.13 Licuit vobis cum summa turpitudine in exsilio aetatem agere, potuistis nonnulli Romae amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare:

洛："You might have passed your life in exile and in utter infamy, at Rome some of you might look to others for aid after losing your estates;

試：It was allowed to you that you spent your age with the most ugliness in exile, you could expect others’?help of some in Rome with the property abandoned:

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58.14 quia illa foeda atque intoleranda viris videbantur, haec sequi decrevistis.

洛：but since such conditions seemed base and intolerable to true men, you decided upon this course.

試：Because those things seemed horrible and intolerable to men, you decided to follow this way.

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58.15 Si haec relinquere voltis, audacia opus est; nemo nisi victor pace bellum mutavit.

洛：If you wish to forsake it, you have need of boldness; none save the victor exchanges war for peace.

試：If you wish to leave this, there is need of boldness; nobody unless?victor?has exchanged war for peace.

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58.16?Nam in fuga salutem sperare, cum arma, quibus corpus tegitur, ab hostibus avorteris, ea vero dementia est.

洛：To hope for safety in flight when you have turned away from the enemy the arms which should protect your body, is surely the height of madness.

試：That is indeed madness that for hoping safety in flee, you with arms, by which your body is covered, turn away from the enemies.

思考：

1.?nam…sperare中謂語動詞使用不定式的理由不明。

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58.17 Semper in proelio iis maxumum est periculum, qui maxume timent; audacia pro muro habetur.

洛：In battle the greatest danger always threatens those who show the greatest fear; boldness is a bulwark.

試：Always in combat danger is greatest to those who fear most greatly; boldness?is thought as the wall.

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58.18 "cum vos considero, milites, et cum facta vostra aestumo, magna me spes victoriae tenet.

洛："When I think on you, my soldiers, and weigh your deeds, I have high hopes of victory.

試：“When I consider you, soldiers, and when I value your deeds, great hope of victory holds me.

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58.19 Animus, aetas, virtus vostra me hortantur, praeterea necessitudo, quae etiam timidos fortis facit.

洛：Your spirit, youth, and valour give me heart, not to mention necessity, which makes even the timid brave.

試：Your soul, age, courage encourages me, besides the necessity, which even makes the timid brave.

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58.20 Nam multitudo hostium ne circumvenire queat, prohibent angustiae loci.

洛：In this narrow defile the superior numbers of the enemy cannot surround us.

試：For the narrowness of the place prohibits that the multitude of enemies is able to come round.

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58.21 Quod si virtuti vostrae fortuna inviderit, cavete inulti animam amittatis neu capti potius sicuti pecora trucidemini quam virorum more pugnantes cruentam atque luctuosam victoriam hostibus relinquatis!"

洛：But if Fortune frowns upon your bravery, take care not to die unavenged. Do not be captured and slaughtered like cattle, but, fighting like heroes, leave the enemy a bloody and tearful victory."

試：And if fortune will envy your courage, take care not to let go life when unavenged, nor captured, to be slaughtered just as cattles, rather than, fighting in the way of men, to leave a bloody and sorrowful victory to the enemies!”

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段落大意 (58)：

喀提林直言現(xiàn)在的艱難處境。他再次強調(diào)他們?yōu)楹味鴳?zhàn)，稱贊他們以往的勇氣，號召士兵們背水一戰(zhàn)，奮勇殺敵。

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59.1 Haec ubi dixit, paululum conmoratus signa canere iubet atque instructos ordines in locum aequum deducit. Dein remotis omnium equis, quo militibus exaequato periculo animus amplior esset, ipse pedes exercitum pro loco atque copiis instruit.

洛：When he had thus spoken, after a brief pause he ordered the trumpets to sound and led his army in order of battle down into the plain. Then, after sending away all the horses, in order to make the danger equal for all and thus to increase the soldiers courage, himself on foot like the rest he drew up his army as the situation and his numbers demanded.

試：When he said these, waiting for a little time, he ordered to sound the signals and led the equipped companies to the plain place. Then with horses of all men put away, so that to soldiers their spirit would be higher in the danger made equal, he, on foot, prepared the army according to the place and the troops.

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59.2 Nam uti planities erat inter sinistros montis et ab dextra rupe aspera, octo cohortis in fronte constituit, reliquarum signa in subsidio artius conlocat.

洛：Since, namely, the plain was shut in on the left by mountains and on the right by rough, rocky ground, he posted eight cohorts in front and held the rest in reserve in closer order.

試：For the plain was between the left mountains and with a rough rock on the left, he set eight cohorts in the front, arranged the rest of the troops more closely in support.

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59.3 Ab iis centuriones, omnis lectos et evocatos, praeterea ex gregariis militibus optumum quemque armatum in primam aciem subducit. C. Manlium in dextra, Faesulanum quendam in sinistra parte curare iubet. Ipse cum libertis et colonis propter aquilam adsistit, quam bello Cimbrico C. Marius in exercitu habuisse dicebatur.

洛：From these he took the centurions, all the picked men and reservists, as well as the best armed of the ordinary soldiers, and placed them in the front rank. He gave the charge of the right wing to Gaius Manlius, and that of the left to a man of Faesulae. He himself with his freedmen and the camp-servants took his place beside the eagle, which, it was said, had been in the army of Gaius Marius during the war with the Cimbri.

試：From those he drew up centurions, all excellent men and veterans, besides some best men in military ranks to the first battle-line. He ordered Gaius Manlius to be in charge in the left part, someone of Faesulae in the right. Himself with freedmen and colonists stood near by the aquila. which it is said that Gaius Marius had in army in Cimbricus war.

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59.4 At ex altera parte C. Antonius, pedibus aeger quod proelio adesse nequibat, M. Petreio legato exercitum permittit.

洛：On the other side Gaius Antonius, who was ill with the gout and unable to enter the battle, entrusted his army to Marcus Petreius, his lieutenant.

試：But from the other part Gaius Antonius, being sick with feet, because he was unable to be present at combat, left the army to Marcus Petreius the deputy.

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59.5 Ille cohortis veteranas, quas tumultus causa conscripserat, in fronte, post eas ceterum exercitum in subsidiis locat. Ipse equo circumiens unumquemque nominans appellat, hortatur, rogat, ut meminerint se contra latrones inermis pro patria, pro liberis, pro aris atque focis suis certare.

洛：Petreius placed in the van the veteran cohorts which he had enrolled because of the outbreak, and behind them the rest of his army in reserve. Riding up and down upon his horse, he addressed each of his men by name, exhorted him, and begged him to remember that he was fighting against unarmed highwaymen in defence of his country, his children, his altars, and his hearth.

試：That man placed the old cohorts, which he had enlisted in the case of rebellion, in the front, behind them the rest army. Himself going round on horse, naming everyone individually, called them, encouraged them, asked them, so that they remembered they fight against the defenceless brigands for fatherland, for liberty, for their own altars and hearths.

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59.6 Homo militaris, quod amplius annos triginta tribunus aut praefectus aut legatus aut praetor cum magna gloria in exercitu fuerat, plerosque ipsos factaque eorum fortia noverat; ea conmemorando militum animos accendebat.

洛：Being a man of military experience, who had served in the army with high distinction for more than thirty years as tribune, prefect, lieutenant, or commander, he personally knew the greater number of his soldiers and their valorous deeds of arms, and by mentioning these he fired the spirits of his men.

試：Being a man of war, because he had seen in army for more than thirty years as tribune, praefect, deputy or praetor with great glory, had known the most men and their brave deeds; he hit up the souls of soldiers by recalling those things.

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段落大意 (59)：

喀提林把最精銳的部隊部署在最前線，讓曼利烏斯指揮右翼，一個費祖萊人指揮左翼。另一邊，安托尼烏斯推說腿腳有病，把軍隊交給了副將瑪爾庫斯·佩特列烏斯，這是一位久經(jīng)沙場的老將。他也把老兵部署在最前線。他同每一個士兵交談，鼓勵他們?yōu)樽约?，為國家而?zhàn)。他成功地鼓舞了士氣，因為他讓士兵們明白了當前的處境，記起了往日的榮耀。