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2022年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)漢譯英預(yù)測(cè): 復(fù)興號(hào)動(dòng)車組

2022-11-13 10:18 作者:紅藍(lán)靈魂F19  | 我要投稿

? ? ? ?新一代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動(dòng)車組“復(fù)興號(hào)”(CR Fuxing EMU, 下文可以簡(jiǎn)稱為“Fuxing,復(fù)數(shù)”)是中國(guó)自主研發(fā)、具有完全知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的新一代高速列車,它集成了大量現(xiàn)代國(guó)產(chǎn)高新技術(shù),是中國(guó)科技創(chuàng)新的重大成果。復(fù)興號(hào)動(dòng)車組經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格且復(fù)雜的考核,確保了動(dòng)車組對(duì)跨越南北超過(guò)40攝氏度溫差的自然環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性,并提升了動(dòng)車組的耐久性。在外形上,復(fù)興號(hào)的設(shè)計(jì)更加動(dòng)感、更符合空氣動(dòng)力學(xué),進(jìn)一步降低了行駛過(guò)程中的噪音和阻力。在空間上,復(fù)興號(hào)擁有更大的空間,座椅間距增加。舒適性上,復(fù)興號(hào)的座椅設(shè)計(jì)更加人性化,大幅提高了乘客的乘坐體驗(yàn)。此外,復(fù)興號(hào)動(dòng)車組還裝配了先進(jìn)的智能監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),提高了列車的安全性能。



參考譯文及解析要點(diǎn)

? ? ? ?The next-generation CR Fuxing EMU, is the new-generation EMU with fully independent research and development, and fully independent intellectual property rights. Equipped with a large multiple of domestic-made high technologies, great breakthroughs are made on Fuxing in key technologies including traction, braking, network and other key technologies, marking one more milestone work of China's technological innovation. Tough and complicated tests have ensured Fuxing's full adaptation to temperature from southern to northern China regions ranging over 40℃ and its longer-term durability. Outside, Fuxing come with a smoother design fitting into aerodynamics and that further reduces air resistance and noise in-run. Inside, Fuxing serve passengers with a larger coach space with extended seat space. For comfort, Fuxing coaches are installed with human-friendly seats which greatly improve passengers’ travel pleasure. In addition, With the state-of-the-art smart monitoring systems, safety performance is largely improved on Fuxing.

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【解析】:

1- 在翻譯中,新一代可以是new-generation,廣義上將next-generation可以理解成新一代。文章中把兩個(gè)用法都使用了一次。

?????? 1.1 擴(kuò)充知識(shí):全新的:brand-new,totally-new。其中前者常見(jiàn)。

2- 中國(guó)特色詞匯:自主創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略:independent innovation strategies.

????2.1 自主研發(fā)的……:????… with fully-independent research and ? development

????2.2 自主技術(shù)創(chuàng)新:????independent technological innovation

????2.3 自給自足:????self-reliance on sth.? ?

????2.4 自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán):????independent intellectual property rights

????2.5 具有完全自主產(chǎn)權(quán)的……????… with fully-independent intellectual?property rights

3- 配備有,裝備有,集成了……等,涉及到大型復(fù)雜工件的,往往都是安裝到這一套整體系統(tǒng)上。這些高新技術(shù)都是安裝在了列車上,常見(jiàn)的詞匯有be fitted with, be installed with, be equipped with等。

4- 本文提到的技術(shù)technology,可以視作可數(shù),也可以視作不可數(shù)。關(guān)于“大量”的表達(dá)如下:???

????4.1 可數(shù)(謂語(yǔ)均復(fù)數(shù))

? ? · a large number ? of + 復(fù)數(shù)

????· many + 復(fù)數(shù)

????· a large multiple ? of + 復(fù)數(shù)(體現(xiàn)數(shù)量大的多)

????· a wide variety ? of + 復(fù)數(shù)(體現(xiàn)多種多樣的多)

????4.2 不數(shù)

????· a large quantity ? of + 單數(shù),其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)

????· large quantities ? of + 單數(shù),其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)

????· a large sum of + ? 單數(shù),其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)????

????4.3 均

????· a lot of / lots ? of,其做主話時(shí)謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)

5- 有關(guān)車輛類(包括火車)的一些領(lǐng)域詞匯:

????steering wheel 方向盤(pán);????? ? ????????engine 引擎

????combustive vehicles 燃油汽車;????new-energy vehicles 新能源汽車

????coach 火車車廂;????????????????????????????locomotive 火車頭

????steam-engine locomotive 蒸汽火車頭

????rail?鐵軌????????????????????????????????????????aerodynamics 空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)

????air resistance?空氣阻力????????????????noise 噪音

????vibration?振動(dòng)????????????????????????????????dynamic visual design? 動(dòng)感外形

????cockpit system?航電系統(tǒng) / 駕駛艙系統(tǒng)

????monitoring system 監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)

????seat 座位????????????????????????????????????????aisle seat 靠過(guò)道座椅

????window seat 靠窗座椅????????????????????cater to (v.) 照顧到,服務(wù)于

????with a seat configuration catering to 100 passengers for each coach 每節(jié)車廂有100個(gè)座位

????first-class seat 一等座,飛機(jī)頭等艙;????economy-class seat 二等座,飛機(jī)經(jīng)濟(jì)艙

6- 溫差,常用表達(dá)是temperature range,相比difference,“溫差”這個(gè)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)其跨度,并非真正的difference。南北地區(qū)其實(shí)就是華南華北,southern China regions,northern China regions。也可以使用動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu),采用非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。原句Temperature from northern to southern China regions ranges over 40℃,改為非謂語(yǔ)就是temperature from northern to southern China regions ranging over 40℃。

7- 關(guān)于“動(dòng)感外形”的說(shuō)法,最普遍的是dynamic design,這里后文涉及到了空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)aerodynamics,可以根據(jù)其風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)想到,smooth肯定是更加符合空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)的外形特征,或者流線型設(shè)計(jì)(streamline design)

8- 有關(guān)人性化和以人為本的詞匯,根據(jù)文章含義,涉及到與人類舒適相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)往往可以用human-friendly直接表達(dá)。以下是有關(guān)“人”的參考詞匯和備注:

★ human-friendly: 人類友好的,以人為本的

????以人舒適體驗(yàn)為取向的場(chǎng)景,工程設(shè)計(jì)理念等,比如場(chǎng)景配色,燈光氛圍,座椅類,布局等。

★ ergonomic:符合人體工程學(xué)的

????humanitarian:人道主義的

????humanist: 人道主義者

????humanity 人性

????人道主義援助 humanitarian ? support / aid

????人道主義災(zāi)害 humanitarian ? crisis

????簡(jiǎn)析人道主義:關(guān)心人類福祉、尤其表現(xiàn)在對(duì)慈善活動(dòng)和社會(huì)改革感興趣等的思想取向,是一種社會(huì)思潮。

????humanis?人文主義

????簡(jiǎn)析人文主義:人文主義相比于人道主義,側(cè)重文化育人。

????human-centered:以人為本,可以與people-centered互換,people更側(cè)重于社會(huì)中人的角色。

????people-first:人民至上的?!癙eople first, life first” 人民至上,生命至上

????★ Wellness of the people is the solid?foundation for the prosperity of the nation, and the duty of the nation is to ? ensure the wellness of its people.

????民為為國(guó)之本,國(guó)以為民為本。

????★ The nation is made of people, and its?people are all that make the nation.

????人民就是江山,江山就是人民。

9- “在空間上,復(fù)興號(hào)擁有更大的空間,座椅間距增加。舒適性上,復(fù)興號(hào)的座椅設(shè)計(jì)更加人性化,大幅提高了乘客的乘坐體驗(yàn)?!边@些翻譯的內(nèi)容可以適量結(jié)合環(huán)境和其取向的目標(biāo):

????解釋如下:

????在空間上,復(fù)興號(hào)擁有更大的空間,座椅間距增加。

????取向:乘客,邏輯:有更大的空間,也有增加間距的座椅。

????隱藏的賓語(yǔ):passengers??臻g是指車廂空間,所以可以捎帶提一下coach。

????所以,F(xiàn)uxing serve passengers with a larger coach space with extended seat distances.

????同理,復(fù)興號(hào)的座椅,可以換成復(fù)興號(hào)“配備有”更加人性化設(shè)計(jì)的座椅,采用短語(yǔ)be installed with。

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2022年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)漢譯英預(yù)測(cè): 復(fù)興號(hào)動(dòng)車組的評(píng)論 (共 條)

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