surge: N-COUNT A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly. 劇增

dub：V-T If someone or something is dubbed a particular thing, they are given that description or name. 把…稱為 [journalism]

scramble：N-COUNT Scramble is also a noun. 爭(zhēng)奪

vie：V-RECIP If one person or thing is vying with another for something, the people or things are competing for it. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng) [正式]

allegiance：N-VAR Your allegiance is your support for and loyalty to a particular group, person, or belief. 擁護(hù)

tyrant：N-COUNT You can use tyrant to refer to someone who treats the people they have authority over in a cruel and unfair way. 暴君

prop up：PHRASAL VERB To prop up something means to support it or help it to survive. 支撐; 維持

despot：N-COUNT A despot is a ruler or other person who has a lot of power and who uses it unfairly or cruelly. 專制者

benign：ADJ A benign substance or process does not have any harmful effects. 無害的

not least because of：You can use not least to emphasize a particularly important example or reason. 尤其是因?yàn)椤幌喈?dāng)重要的原因是……

strategic：ADJ Strategic means relating to the most important, general aspects of something such as a military operation or political policy, especially when these are decided in advance. 戰(zhàn)略上的

arms seller：軍火商

upend：V-T If you upend something, you turn it upside down. 顛倒

treble：V-T/V-I If something trebles or if you treble it, it becomes three times greater in number or amount than it was. 使增加兩倍; 增加兩倍 [英國(guó)英語]

quadruple：V-T/V-I If someone quadruples an amount or if it quadruples, it becomes four times bigger. 使成4倍; 成為4倍

outfit：N-COUNT You can refer to an organization as an outfit. 機(jī)構(gòu)

fray：N a fight or brawl 打架; 爭(zhēng)吵

stereotype：N-COUNT A stereotype is a fixed general image or set of characteristics that a lot of people believe represent a particular type of person or thing. 模式化形象; 成見

neocolonial：adj. 新殖民主義的

bigwig：N-COUNT If you refer to an important person as a bigwig, you are being somewhat disrespectful. 頭兒 [非正式]

a shady deal：黑幕；見不得人的勾當(dāng)

enabler：n.使能器，使能者；促成者，賦能者

launder：V-T To launder money that has been obtained illegally means to process it through a legitimate business or to send it abroad to a foreign bank, so that when it comes back nobody knows that it was illegally obtained. 洗 (錢)

loot：(informal) 錢?money

murky：ADJ If you describe something as murky, you mean that the details of it are not clear or that it is difficult to understand. 含糊不清的; 晦澀難懂的

mercenary：N-COUNT A mercenary is a soldier who is paid to fight by a country or group that they do not belong to. 雇傭兵

war-torn：adj.遭到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)破壞的

whiff：N-COUNT If there is a whiff of a particular smell, you smell it only slightly or only for a brief period of time, for example, as you walk past someone or something. (氣味等) 微弱的一陣

imperialism：?N-UNCOUNT Imperialism is a system in which a rich and powerful country controls other countries, or a desire for control over other countries. 帝國(guó)主義

hum：V-I If you say that a place hums, you mean that it is full of activity. (地方) 繁忙

sound macroeconomic policy：健全的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策

textile：N-COUNT Textiles are types of cloth or fabric, especially ones that have been woven. 紡織品

activist：N-COUNT An activist is a person who works to bring about political or social changes by campaigning in public or working for an organization. 激進(jìn)分子

heartening：adj. 鼓舞人心的，令人振奮的

allegedly：adv. 依其申述；據(jù)說，據(jù)稱

crooked：ADJ If you describe a person or an activity as crooked, you mean that they are dishonest or criminal. 腐敗的; 惡棍般的 [非正式]

unprobed：adj.未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的；未被探索出的

strike better deals：達(dá)成更好的交易；達(dá)成更好的協(xié)議

heterogeneous：ADJ A heterogeneous group consists of many different types of things or people. 由很多種類組成的 [正式] [usu ADJ n]

anarchic：ADJ If you describe someone or something as anarchic, you disapprove of them because they do not recognize or obey any rules or laws. 無政府的 [表不滿]

behind closed doors：與外界隔絕地；秘密地

bloc：N-COUNT A bloc is a group of countries that have similar political aims and interests and that act together over some issues. (具有相似政治目標(biāo)和利益的國(guó)家結(jié)成的) 陣營(yíng)

club：V-T To club a person or animal means to hit them hard with a thick heavy stick or a similar weapon. (用棍棒或類似武器) 狠打

infrastructure：N-VAR The infrastructure of a country, society, or organization consists of the basic facilities such as transportation, communications, power supplies, and buildings, which enable it to function. (國(guó)家、社會(huì)、組織賴以行使職能的) 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

spill：V-I If people or things spill out of a place, they come out of it in large numbers. 涌出

zero-sum：零和 【零和博弈（zero-sum game），又稱零和游戲，與非零和博弈相對(duì)，是博弈論的一個(gè)概念，屬非合作博弈。指參與博弈的各方，在嚴(yán)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)下，一方的收益必然意味著另一方的損失，博弈各方的收益和損失相加總和永遠(yuǎn)為“零”，雙方不存在合作的可能?！?/p>

with a pinch of salt：有所保留地

strongman：N-COUNT If you refer to a male political leader as a strongman, you mean that he has great power and control over his country, although his methods may sometimes be violent or morally wrong. 獨(dú)裁者 [journalism]

bunk：N bunkum的縮寫 [非正式] 【bunkum：N-UNCOUNT If you say that something that has been said or written is bunkum, you mean that you think it is completely untrue or very stupid. 胡言 [非正式，老式]】

cow：V-T If someone is cowed, they are made afraid, or made to behave in a particular way because they have been frightened or badly treated. 脅迫; 恐嚇 [正式] [usu passive]

clout：N-UNCOUNT A person or institution that has clout has influence and power. 影響力 [非正式]