表語從句

位于連系動詞后面的從句。

My idea is that you have to face up to the fact.

The question is whether the film is worth seeing.

That’s not what I meant.

同位語從句

位于名詞后，對名詞進行補充說明的從句，大多數(shù)時候由that引導。

She couldn’t face up to the fact that she was no longer young.

I can’t stand the idea that the old have no right to be beautiful.

There is no question that our troops are courageous and selfless.

定語從句

定語是限定或修飾名詞或代詞的句子成分。

形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞、從句都可以作定語。

單詞作定語時通常是前置定語，放在被修飾成分前。短語或從句作定語時，是后置定語。

先行項：定語從句修飾的對象

關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系代詞who whom which that whose和關(guān)系副詞what where why

限制性定語從句：先行項不能缺少的定語

非限制性定語從句：對先行項的補充說明

關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句

who whom which that whose

1. who，做賓語時可以省略

先行項為人

I will never forget those who once helped me when I was in trouble.

As soon as possible we must find the boy who lost his way in the forest yesterday.

The gentleman (who) he saved was my uncle.

2. whom，經(jīng)常可以省略

先行項為人

Please don’t mention that man (whom) I don’t like in front of me.

You are the right person (whom) our company needs.

The film director (whom) you are waiting for has come.

3. which

先行項為物

Over the river there is a bridge which is made of stone.

I have a good idea which occurred to me last night.

This is my new mobile phone (which) my father gave me as the birthday gift.

4. that

指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which

Most of the audience that/who attended the concert were students.

Where is the man (that/who/whom) I came across this morning?

The season that/which comes after autumn is winter.

5 whose，可以是人可以是物

Could you introduce that pretty girl whose name is Mary to me?

He has a friend whose father is a policeman.

Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is red.

= Please pass me the dictionary the cover of which is red.