Large was she and tall,

In her embroidered robe,with a [plain] single garment?over it:-

The daughter of the marquis of Ts'e,

The wife of the marquis of Wei,

The sister of the heir-son of Ts'e.

The sister-in-law of the marquis of Hing,

The viscount of T'an also her brother-in-law.

（ⅱ）

Her fingers were like the blades of the young white-grass;

Her skin was like congealed ointment;

Her neck was like the tree-grub;

Her teeth were like melon seeds:

Her forehead cicada-like;her eyebrows like [the antennae of] the silkworm moth;

What dimples,as she artfully smiled!

How lovely her eyes,with the black and white so well defined!

（ⅲ）

Large was she and tall.

When she halted in the cultivated suburbs.

Strong looked her four horses,

With the red ornaments so rich about their bits.

Thus in her carriage,with its screens of pheasant feathers,she proceeded to our court.

Early retire,ye great officers,

And do not make the marquis fatigued!

（ⅳ）

The waters of the Ho,wide and deep,

Flow northwards in majestic course.

The nets are dropt into them with a plashing sound,

Among shoals of sturgeon,large and small,

While the rushes and sedges are rank about.

Splendidly adorned were her sister ladies;

Martial looked the attendant officers.

五、理雅各版釋經(jīng)

0、緒言

Narrative.CHWANG KEANG AS SHE APPEARED ON HER ARRIVAL IN WEI.HER GREAT CONNECTIONS；HER BEAUTY；HER EQUIPAGE;THE RICHES OF TS'E.

【韻版】The principal points in the history of Chwang Keang,who is evidently?the subject of this piece,have been touched on in the notes to the second and some other odes of Book iii.The only difficulty in translating or?versifying?it is to determine whether the verbs are to be taken in the past tense or in the present.I have deferred to the general opinion of the Chinese critics,who take the piece to have been written after the lady?becamean object of?commiseration through the behaviour of her husband.

【山譯】很顯然，這一篇詩歌的對象是歷史上的衛(wèi)莊姜。關(guān)于她的歷史要點，國風(fēng)第三邶風(fēng)的第二篇《綠衣》以及其他一些詩篇中已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)過了?，F(xiàn)在無論是僅僅翻譯此詩還是改寫成韻體詩，都有一個無法回避的困難，就是對于動詞究竟應(yīng)該用過去時態(tài)還是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。我遵從中國學(xué)者的普遍觀點，即，這首詩是人們因同情莊姜婚后不幸生活而做，所以應(yīng)該使用過去時態(tài)。

【散版】From the ode itself it is plain that the subject of it is Chwang Keang,the principal points in whose unhappy history have been noticed on the 2d and some other odes of Book 3d.A difficulty arises as to the tense in which the greater part of the piece should be translated:-in the present? or in the past?The 'Little Preface'says it was made 'in commiseration of the lady',and this view is supported by an expression of Tso-she,in a narrative at the conclusion of the 3d year of duke Yin.There is little or nothing,indeed,in the ode to indicate this intention,though Yen Ts'an,as we shall see,finds a hint of it in the last two lines of the 3d stanza;but I have deferred to the general opinion of the Chinese critics,and have employed the past tense.Lacharme uses the present,and calls the piece an 'Epithalamium'.

【山譯】從這首詩本身來看，它的主題毫無疑問是衛(wèi)莊姜。關(guān)于衛(wèi)莊姜不幸的婚姻，我們已經(jīng)在國風(fēng)第三邶風(fēng)的第二篇《綠衣》及其他詩中知道了。但這首詩卻有一個很大的困難，就是翻譯時究竟應(yīng)該用過去時態(tài)，還是應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。毛詩小序認為這首詩是衛(wèi)人同情莊姜所做，而這個觀點在左傳隱公三年的記載中得到支持。盡管嚴(yán)粲在第三節(jié)最后兩句中讀出了這種暗示〖山注||? 這兩句是“大夫夙退，無使君勞”，具體怎么讀出的暗示，可參見下面理雅各對應(yīng)的釋經(jīng)〗。但事實上我們很難從詩中讀出這種意思。不過我依然遵照中國學(xué)者的普遍觀點，使用過去時態(tài)。而拉查爾姆神父翻譯時則使用的是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，并且將這首詩認定為祝婚詩，即對婚姻的禮贊詩。

【山錄】《左傳·隱公三年·石碏諫寵州吁》——衛(wèi)莊公娶于齊東宮得臣之妹，曰莊姜。美而無子，衛(wèi)人所為賦《碩人》也。又娶于陳，曰厲媯，生孝伯，早死。其娣戴媯生桓公，莊姜以為己子。公子州吁，嬖人之子也，有寵而好兵，公弗禁，莊姜惡之。石碏諫曰：“臣聞愛子，教之以義方，弗納于邪。驕、奢、淫、泆，所自邪也。四者之來，寵祿過也。將立州吁，乃定之矣，若猶未也，階之為禍。夫?qū)櫠或?，驕而能降，降而不憾，憾而能眕者，鮮矣。且夫賤妨貴，少陵長，遠間親，新間舊，小加大，淫破義，所謂六逆也。君義，臣行，父慈，子孝，兄愛，弟敬，所謂六順也。去順效逆，所以速禍也。君人者將禍?zhǔn)莿?wù)去，而速之，無乃不可乎？”弗聽。其子厚與州吁游，禁之，不可?；腹?，乃老。

【山錄】《史記·衛(wèi)康叔世家》——莊公五年，取齊女為夫人，好而無子。又取陳女為夫人，生子，蚤死。陳女女弟亦幸于莊公，而生子完。完母死，莊公令夫人齊女子之，立為太子。莊公有寵妾，生子州吁。十八年，州吁長，好兵，莊公使將。石碏?諫莊公曰：“庶子好兵，使將，亂自此起?！辈宦?。二十三年，莊公卒，太子完立，是為桓公。桓公二年，弟州吁驕奢，桓公絀之，州吁出奔。十三年，鄭伯弟段攻其兄，不勝，亡，而州吁求與之友。十六年，州吁收聚衛(wèi)亡人以襲殺桓公，州吁自立為衛(wèi)君。為鄭伯弟段欲伐鄭，請宋、陳、蔡與俱，三國皆許州吁。州吁新立，好兵，弒桓公，衛(wèi)人皆不愛。石碏乃因桓公母家于陳，詳為善州吁。至鄭郊，石碏與陳侯共謀，使右宰丑進食，因殺州吁于濮，而迎桓公弟晉于邢而立之，是為宣公。

【山注】關(guān)于“州吁之死”的內(nèi)容，《史記》和《左傳》記載出入較大，不過關(guān)于衛(wèi)莊姜的人生記載兩書較為吻合。簡而言之，衛(wèi)莊姜自齊嫁到衛(wèi)國后并不受衛(wèi)莊公寵愛，也一直無子。后來衛(wèi)莊公的眾多妾室中育有兩子，一子名完，一子名州吁。完之母戴媯早死，因此莊姜就將完抱來親自撫養(yǎng)。莊姜雖無寵，但卻是正宮，州吁之母有寵，但地位低賤，因此完繼位為君，是為衛(wèi)桓公。州吁不服，就暗中豢養(yǎng)爪牙，弒殺了衛(wèi)桓公。最后在衛(wèi)臣的幫助下，撥亂反正斬殺州吁，擁立衛(wèi)莊公的另一個兒子繼位，是為衛(wèi)宣公。因此我們可以看出，衛(wèi)莊姜的婚后生活是很不幸的。

1、碩人其頎，衣錦褧衣。齊侯之子，衛(wèi)侯之妻。東宮之妹，邢侯之姨，譚公維私。

【韻譯】The lady was of figure large and tall.? /? In broidered robe,hid'neath a garment plain,??/? A bride,she came from Ts'e's high palace hall,??/? In Wei,as wife of our great lord to reign.??/? 'Gainst her of no inferior birth the stain??/? Could be alleged,sister of Ts'e's great heir.??/? Of other grand alliances a train??/? She could display,for her two sisters fair??/? The highest dignity in Hing and T'an did wear.

【散譯】Large was she and tall,? /? In her embroidered robe,with a [plain] single garment?over it:-? /? The daughter of the marquis of Ts'e,? /? The wife of the marquis of Wei,? /? The sister of the heir-son of Ts'e.? /? The sister-in-law of the marquis of Hing,? /? The viscount of T'an also her brother-in-law.

（01）St.1.碩人-as in iii.XⅢ.2.??

【山譯】“碩人”詞條注釋見國風(fēng)第三邶風(fēng)的第十三篇《簡兮》第2節(jié)的注解。

【山錄】《國風(fēng)·邶風(fēng)·簡兮》——簡兮簡兮，方將萬舞。日之方中，在前上處。//?碩人俁俁，公庭萬舞。有力如虎，執(zhí)轡如組。/?左手執(zhí)龠，右手秉翟。赫如渥赭，公言錫爵。//山有榛，隰有苓。云誰之思？西方美人。彼美人兮，西方之人兮。

【山注】碩人可解為美人、賢人、大人。王先謙集疏“古人碩、美二字為贊美男女之通詞，故男亦稱美，女亦稱碩。”

（02）頎 denotes'the app.of being tall'.

【山譯】“欣”是身體修長的意思

【山注】此處的“app.”是哪個詞的縮寫，我目前查證不出，暫時闕疑。不過這個欣字在詩中的意思很清楚，故能勉強譯出。

（03）The 錦?was 'an embroidered robe',worn by the princess in travelling from Ts'e to Wei.Over it she wore a plain single garment (褧=禪)made probably of linen.Tsze-sze quotes this line,in somewhat difft.words,in 'The Doctrine of the Mean',XXXIII.1，and draws a moral from it,about the avoiding of all display.

【山譯】“錦”指的是一件繡花長袍。莊姜作為公主從齊國嫁往衛(wèi)國時穿了一件繡花長袍。而在長袍之外，莊姜又罩了一件無裝飾十分樸素的亞麻制外套單衣。曾子在《中庸》第三十三章首句用不同的形式引述了這句話〖山注||? 曾子此處引述的是“衣錦尚?”與原句稍有差異〗，并從中總結(jié)出了一個關(guān)于不炫耀的道德規(guī)范。

【山注】褧發(fā)音jiong，魯詩齊詩作?，韓詩作檾。鄭箋解為“襌也，尚之以襌衣，爲(wèi)其衣之太著?！?，《說文》解為“檾也?！?strong>《爾雅翼》解“檾”字為“檾高四五尺，或六七尺，葉似苧而薄，實如大麻子，今人績爲(wèi)布。”段玉裁注解為“績檾為衣，是為褧也”。綜上所述“褧”是一種用麻類植物纖維制作而成的衣服。

【山注】注意辨析襌與禪二字，此處理雅各注釋“褧=禪”，這個禪是第一個字dan，即衣字旁的衤，而不是示字旁的礻。這個禪衣指的是沒有內(nèi)裹的外衣，可不是和尚穿的禪衣，這時候老子還沒有出世西天化胡番，也就更沒有達摩一葦渡江立禪宗。〖山錄||《玉篇》——褧，衣無裏也?！?strong>〖山錄||《說文》——裏，衣內(nèi)也。〗〖山錄||《禮．玉藻》〔註〕——禪，有衣裳而無裏?！?/strong>

（04）The remaining 4 lines exalt Chwang Keang on the ground of her birth and her connections.

【山譯】本節(jié)剩下的四句詩，則是通過莊姜的出生和關(guān)系網(wǎng)展現(xiàn)其高貴的身份和地位。

（05）東宮，'eastern palace',is a designation of the eldest son,or heir-apparent of a State,from the part of the palace buildings which he occupied.Chwang Keang,it thus appears,was the daughter of the marquis of Ts'e by his wife proper,and not by and lady of inferior rank.

【山譯】“東宮”直譯為“東側(cè)的宮殿”，常用來稱呼國君最年長的兒子或者是儲君。他有資格居住在宮殿的部分區(qū)域中。從這兩句我們可以看出，莊姜是齊侯正宮妻子的女兒，并不是妾室所生的地位低下的女兒。

【山注】“齊侯之子”中這個“子”此處指的是女兒〖山錄||《禮喪服傳》——凡言子者，可以兼男女〗。

【山注】“東宮之妹”的“妹”字是強調(diào)親妹，也就是說，莊姜是齊國嫡公主。

【山注】這位“東宮”是齊莊公的太子，名得臣。不過可惜早死，因此左傳中亦稱其為東宮〖山錄||《左傳·隱公三年》——衛(wèi)莊公娶于齊東宮得臣之妹,曰莊姜。美而無子,衛(wèi)人所為賦《碩人》也?！?。后來齊國繼位的是齊僖公，也就是那位與鄭莊公同一時代的諸侯。

（06）Hing was a marquisate,held by descendants of the duke of Chow,of which we read in the Ch'un Ts'ew,till it was absorbed by Wei in B.C.634.

【山譯】邢國是侯爵國，是由周公的后代傳承，這一點在《左傳》中有明確記載。而邢國最后是在公元前634年被衛(wèi)國吞并。

【山注】關(guān)于邢國是周公后代傳承的說法可參見〖《左傳·僖公二十四年》——凡、蔣、邢、茅、胙、祭，周公之胤也?！?/span>

【山注】邢國在春秋早期是比較重要的諸侯國，不過先是差點被戎狄所滅，幸得齊桓公橫空出世，保住了邢國。但齊桓公隕落后，邢國就失去了保護，最后被衛(wèi)文公在臨死前給滅了。〖《左傳·僖公二十五年》——二十有五年春王正月，丙午，衛(wèi)侯燬滅邢。夏四月癸酉，衛(wèi)侯燬卒。〗

（07）T'an was a small State,whose lords were viscounts (子),adjacent to Ts'e.Why the viscount of T'an should here be called duke (公),we cannot well tell,as it is not likely that he was dead at this time.公must be taken generally as=the ruler of a State.

【山譯】譚國只是一個毗鄰齊國的小國家，其領(lǐng)主只是子爵。為什么區(qū)區(qū)一個子爵卻被成為“公”呢？很不幸的解釋是，作此詩時，這位譚子已經(jīng)死了〖山注||? 春秋初期小諸侯只有在死后加謚時，才有可能稱公〗。此時“公”普遍的理解是至少要是一個國家的統(tǒng)治者。

【山注】周時小諸侯薨定謚號時有時會升格為公，西周時非常嚴(yán)格，很多諸侯死后沒有謚號升為公；但春秋時逐漸放寬，到戰(zhàn)國時，不少小諸侯生前就能稱公；到漢代時不少大夫生前就已經(jīng)可以稱公了，例如孔融為活著的鄭玄建“鄭公鄉(xiāng)”，另外如袁紹、曹操等人雖名為漢大夫，其實為諸侯，故生前亦有“明公”等敬稱；到如今基本是個人都能稱公，故見別人之子常稱其為“你家公子如何如何”。當(dāng)然此時是春秋初期，還是比較嚴(yán)格，譚子要想稱公只有死后加謚這一條路。

【山注】譚國毗鄰齊國，后被齊所滅，而滅譚的不是別人正是春秋首霸齊桓公。〖山錄||《左傳·莊公十年》——齊侯之出也，過譚，譚不禮焉。及其入也，諸侯皆賀，譚又不至。冬，齊師滅譚，譚無禮也。譚子奔莒，同盟故也?！?/span>

（08）A husband calls his wife's sisters姨,and a lady calls her sisters'husbands私.

【山譯】丈夫喊妻子的姐妹為姨，妻子叫姐妹的丈夫為私。

【山注】“姨”這個稱呼我們?nèi)缃褚话闶呛澳赣H的姐妹。〖山錄||《康熙字典·姨》——母之姊妹曰姨。又，妻之姊妹同出爲(wèi)姨。《詩．衞風(fēng)》：郉侯之姨?！蹲髠鳎f十年》：息嬀過蔡，蔡侯曰：吾姨也，止而享之?！?/span>當(dāng)然，我們?nèi)缃駮诤竺婕印皨尅焙汀白印币詤^(qū)分兩種姨的不同，即，稱母親的姐妹為“姨媽”，稱妻子的姐妹為“姨子”。

【山注】“私”這個稱呼現(xiàn)在的確不常見了。〖山錄||《康熙字典·私》——《爾雅．釋親》：女子謂姊妹之夫曰私?！对姡o風(fēng)》：譚公維私?！?/span>

2、手如柔荑，膚如凝脂，領(lǐng)如蝤蠐，齒如瓠犀，螓首蛾眉，巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮。

【韻譯】Like blades of white grass were her fingers fine; / Her skin like purest ointment hard congealed;?/ Her neck like larva on the tree which shine?/ So long and white.Her opening lips revealed?/ Her even teeth,behind their screen concealed,?/ Like melon seeds.Her front cicada-square,?/ Displayed her eyebrows curved upon its field,?/ Like horns of silkworm moth;and dimples rare,?/ With dark and lucid eyes,showed face beyond compare.

【散譯】Her fingers were like the blades of the young white-grass;?/ Her skin was like congealed ointment;?/ Her neck was like the tree-grub;?/ Her teeth were like melon seeds:?/ Her forehead cicada-like;her eyebrows like [the antennae of] the silkworm moth;?/ What dimples,as she artfully smiled!?/ How lovely her eyes,with the black and white so well defined!

（01）St.2 is occupied with the personal beauty of Chwang Keang.

【山譯】第二節(jié)生動的描述出了莊姜的美貌。

（02）手 is here not the hand',but 'the fingers',-soft,delicate,and white.

【山譯】此處的“手”指的不是手而是手指，即莊姜柔軟、細膩、潔白的手指。

（03）荑-as in iii.XVII.3.

【山譯】“荑”詞條注釋見國風(fēng)第三邶風(fēng)的第十七篇《靜女》第3節(jié)的注解。

【山錄】《國風(fēng)·邶風(fēng)·靜女》——靜女其姝，俟我于城隅。愛而不見，搔首踟躕。/?靜女其孌，貽我彤管。彤管有煒，說懌女美。/?自牧歸荑，洵美且異。匪女之為美，美人之貽。

【山注】荑，初生白茅的嫩芽。

（04）L.2 describes the whiteness of her skin,and L.3 that of her neck.

【山譯】第二句描寫莊姜皮膚的白皙，第三句描寫莊姜脖子的白皙。

【山注】領(lǐng)，頭頸。

（05）蝤蠐is the name for the larvae?of a beetle which bores into wood,and deposits its eggs in trees.The larvae are remarkable for their whiteness and length,and hence poets turn them to account as here!

【山譯】蝤蠐是一種幼甲蟲的名字，這種甲蟲鉆入木頭中產(chǎn)卵，其剛出生的幼蟲又白又長，所以詩人將它們用在這里。

【山注】蝤蠐qiuqi，天牛的幼蟲，又名木蠹，身長而白。

（06）瓠犀is 'the section of a melon',(Williams strangely calls it 'the carpel'),showing the seeds regular and white;such were the lady's teeth.

【山譯】瓠犀是甜瓜的一部分，（威廉姆斯稱它為心皮），其中的瓜子又白又整齊，詩中用其來形容莊姜的美齒。

【山注】瓠h(huán)u犀，葫蘆籽。瓠，〖山錄||《說文》瓠，匏也；陸璣《詩疏》匏，瓠也。《正韻》亦作葫?！?。犀，〖《集韻》：一曰瓠中。《詩．衞風(fēng)》：齒如瓠犀?！矀鳌仇?，瓠瓣也?！?/span>

（07）螓is the name of one of the cicadae,rather small,but remarkable for the broad and square formation of its head;such was Chwang Keang's forehead,like Seuen Keang's in iv.III.,-揚且之皙，揚且之顏.

【山譯】螓是一種小蟬的名字，它的頭廣且寬。就如莊姜周正的前額，這句對面額的描寫與國風(fēng)第四鄘風(fēng)第三篇的《君子偕老》中描寫宣姜的詩句——揚且之晳，揚且之顏——有異曲同工之妙。

【山錄】《國風(fēng)·鄘風(fēng)·君子偕老》——君子偕老，副笄六珈。委委佗佗，如山如河。象服是宜。子之不淑，云如之何？/?玼兮玼兮，其之翟也。鬒發(fā)如云，不屑髢也。玉之瑱也，象之揥也。揚且之晳也。胡然而天也！胡然而帝也！/?瑳兮瑳兮，其之展也，蒙彼縐絺，是紲袢也。子之清揚，揚且之顏也，展如之人兮，邦之媛也！

【山注】螓qin，蟲名?？资瑁骸按讼x額廣而且寬?！?/span>

（08）蛾is here the moth of the silkworm,whose small curved antennae are a favourite figure for the eyebrows of ladies.

【山譯】蛾是指蠶生成的飛蛾，這種飛蛾彎曲細長的觸角，是女子最優(yōu)美的眉毛形態(tài)。

【山注】這種由蠶生成的飛蛾，專有名詞是蠶蛾。

（09）倩denotes 'the app.of the dimple in smiling'.This exact significance of the term has been missed in all our Chinese-and-English dictionaries.

【山譯】倩是指笑起來的酒窩，目前這個字的精確含義暫無在此時任何一本中英字典中找到。

【山注】倩，笑時顯示的酒窩。毛傳：“倩，好口輔?！蓖跻葑ⅲ骸翱谳o即靨輔也?！膘v輔就是酒窩。

（10）盼denotes the black and white of the eyes clearly defined.

【山譯】盼形容黑白分明的明亮眼睛。

【山注】盼，眼睛轉(zhuǎn)動時黑白分明的樣子。毛傳：“盼，黑白分?！瘪R融論語注：“盼，動目貌?！?/span>

【山錄】（孔子與子夏研習(xí)此句的討論）《論語·3八佾·8》——子夏問曰：“‘巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮，素以為絢兮’。何謂也？”子曰：“繪事后素?！痹唬骸岸Y后乎？”子曰：“起予者商也，始可與言詩已矣?！?/span>

3、碩人敖敖，說于農(nóng)郊。四牡有驕，朱幩鑣鑣。翟茀以朝。大夫夙退，無使君勞。

【韻譯】When,on her coming,near the city wall, / She halted in the cultured fields,each eye / Viewed with delight her figure large and tall. / Her team of mettled steeds their bits tossed high, / Round which was twined red cloth in rich supply. / Then in her carriage she went on in state, / Its pheasant-screens oft followed by the cry, / "Early retire from court,ye nobles great; / The marquis leave untired,to cherish this fit mate."

【散譯】Large was she and tall.?/ When she halted in the cultivated suburbs.?/ Strong looked her four horses,?/ With the red ornaments so rich about their bits.?/ Thus in her carriage,with its screens of pheasant feathers,she proceeded to our court.?/ Early retire,ye great officers,?/ And do not make the marquis fatigued!

（01）St.3 describes the appearance and equipage of Chwang Keang as she drew near to the capital of Wei.

【山譯】第三節(jié)描述了莊姜來到衛(wèi)國時的樣貌和行頭。

（02）敖敖has the same meaning as其頎in st.1.

【山譯】敖敖與第一節(jié)中“其欣”的意思相同。

【山注】此處敖敖是“高”的意思，故理雅各認為其與第一節(jié)中的“欣”同義。敖通贅，《說文》：贅、顤，高也。

（03）說，-as in ii.V.3.

【山譯】“說”與國風(fēng)第二召南的第五篇《甘棠》第三節(jié)中的“說”相同。

【山注】“說”是“稅”的通假字，此處的意思是短暫休息。

【山錄】《國風(fēng)·召南·甘棠》——蔽芾甘棠，勿剪勿伐，召伯所蘢。/ 蔽芾甘棠，勿剪勿敗，召伯所憩。/ 蔽芾甘棠，勿剪勿拜，召伯所說。

（04）農(nóng)郊are the suburbs,not far distant from the capital,which husbandmen had brought under cultivation.

【山譯】“農(nóng)郊”指的是距離都城不遠，有農(nóng)民開墾的郊區(qū)。

【山注】此處“農(nóng)郊”特指衛(wèi)國國都的近郊。也就是說衛(wèi)莊姜在衛(wèi)都的近郊稍事休息。

（05）四牡are the four horses or stallions of the carriage;有驕expresses their 'appearance as strong.

【山譯】“四牡”是指四匹馬拉的轎子，“有驕”是形容四匹馬健壯的外表。

【山注】“杜”本指雄性走獸，此處引申為馬。詩經(jīng)毛傳：飛曰雌雄，走曰牝牡。

【山注】“驕”，健狀貌。《說文》：馬高六尺爲(wèi)驕。《玉篇》：壯貌。

（06）Maou explains幩simply by飾，'to ornament',or'an ornament';Choo,more fully,by鑣飾，'the ornament of a bridle',meaning more particularly the iron parts outside the bit in the mouth.In princely equipages these were twisted round with red cloth,both for ornament and a protection from the foam.

【山譯】毛公將“幩”解釋成“飾”即裝飾或裝飾物。而朱熹進一步解釋其為“鑣飾”，即馬嚼子上的裝飾物，更準(zhǔn)確的說，就是馬蹶子外層的鐵質(zhì)部分。在王侯的行頭中，這些幩會用紅布纏繞，不僅為了裝飾，也可以除掉馬嘴外的白沫

【山注】“幩”，毛傳：“飾也。人君以朱纏，且以爲(wèi)飾。”朱熹集傳：“幩，鑣飾也，鑣者馬銜外鐵，人君以朱纏之也。”釋文：“馬銜外鐵也。一名扇汗，又曰排沫。”

（07）Yen Ts'an takes 鑣鑣as denoting 'all the bits';Maou and Choo,better,as a descriptive?adj.,expressing the rich appearance of the ornamented instruments.

【山譯】嚴(yán)粲認為“鑣鑣”表示全部上了馬嚼。但是毛公和朱熹認為應(yīng)該理解成一個形容詞，即形容行頭裝飾的盛貌。

【山注】“bits”有一個熟詞生義是馬嚼子。

【山注】“鑣鑣”，形容盛貌?！恫┭拧罚骸拌s鑣，盛也?！边@個爭論的焦點是，毛朱認為雖然“鑣”本義是馬嚼子〖山錄||《釋名》：“鑣，苞也──所以在旁苞斂其口也?！薄墩崱罚骸耙幻群梗幻拍??！薄剑颂帒?yīng)該是做形容詞，形容貌盛的樣子；但是嚴(yán)粲認為仍然是本義，疊用就是說所用馬都套上了這種華麗的馬嚼子。

（08）茀=蔽'a screen'.The front and rear of ladies carriages were furnished with screens,made in the case of princesses,with pheasants'feathers.

【山譯】“茀”作“蔽”意思是一個屏風(fēng)，女士馬車的前與后會裝上屏風(fēng)，尤其是公主的馬車屏風(fēng)上往往還會插上雉雞的羽毛。

【山注】翟，長尾野雞。天子諸侯常用野雞毛裝飾車茀。

（09）The ruler?of a State gave audience,with the dawn,to his ministers,and then withdrew to 'the small chamber',and changed his robes.The last two lines are understood as the expression of the people's feelings,when they saw the beauty and splendour of Chwang Keang.-Such a wife was to be cherished by the marquis.Let not the ministers fatigue him with business,so as to unfit him for showing due attention to her.The poet,it is supposed,repeats the words here,to insinuate his regret for the neglect with which the lady had come to be treated.

【山譯】衛(wèi)國國君在早上接見了自己的臣子，然后退入小房間中換衣服。最后兩句一般被解釋成眾人看到美麗華貴莊姜之后的情感表達：這樣優(yōu)秀的妻子，應(yīng)該值得衛(wèi)侯珍愛，諸位大臣就早早退去不要再用政務(wù)是衛(wèi)侯疲勞，以防止衛(wèi)侯不能向莊姜表達足夠的愛意。有另一種解讀，說此處這兩句話是在對莊姜受到忽視感到遺憾，因此用這兩句強調(diào)大臣此時不應(yīng)再纏著衛(wèi)侯。

【山注】不過我感覺比較好的解釋是，莊姜停在郊外，衛(wèi)侯帶著大臣郊迎莊姜，早上二人相見，大臣們趕緊離開，不要當(dāng)電燈泡，打擾衛(wèi)侯夫婦。

4、河水洋洋，北流活活。施罛濊濊，鳣鮪發(fā)發(fā)。葭菼揭揭，庶姜孽孽，庶士有朅。

【韻譯】Where out of Ts'e into our State she passed, / Its banks all green with rush and sedges rank,?/ Northwards the Ho rolled on the waters vast?/ Of its majestic stream,while in it sank?/ With plashing sound the nets,which dripping,dank,?/ The toiling fishers dropt into the wave,?/ 'Mong shoals of sturgeon,both the large and lank.?/ Her sister ladies shone in dresses brave,?/ And martial looked the officers,who escort gave.

【散譯】The waters of the Ho,wide and deep,?/ Flow northwards in majestic course.?/ The nets are dropt into them with a plashing sound,?/ Among shoals of sturgeon,large and small,?/ While the rushes and sedges are rank about.?/ Splendidly adorned were her sister ladies;?/ Martial looked the attendant officers.

（01）St.4 is understood to indicate the rich resources and strength of Ts'e in the Ho,which then flowed northwards along the west of the State.

【山譯】第四節(jié)主要是用來展示齊國在黃河流域諸國中所擁有的強大實力和豐富資源。黃河流經(jīng)西邊的諸多國家，到此處向北流入海。

【山注】“河”專指黃河。黃河此時在齊的西方衛(wèi)的東方，并向北流入海。

（02）洋洋describe the vastness of the stream,and活活'the appearance of its current'.

【山譯】“洋洋”用來描述河流廣闊的樣子；“活活”用來描述河水流動的樣子。

【山注】此處“活活”是擬聲詞，模擬水流的聲音，類似于如今常用的流水嘩嘩。

（03）罛=魚罟,'a fish net.'

【山譯】“罛”是漁網(wǎng)的意思，相當(dāng)于“魚罟”。

（04）濊濊express the sound of the nets entering the water.

【山譯】“濊濊”表達漁網(wǎng)入水的聲音。

（05）鱣is,no doubt the sturgeon.It is described as having a short snout,with the mouth under the chin,covered with bony plates,instead of scales.The flesh is yellow,in consequence of which one name of it is the 'yellow fish'.It is found sometimes of an immense size,and?weighs 1000 pounds.

【山譯】根據(jù)描述，“鱣”毫無疑問指的是鱘魚。根據(jù)描述，其短吻，嘴比下巴低，覆蓋骨板，而不是魚鱗。又因為這種魚是黃色，因此被稱為黃魚，黃魚體型較大，有些甚至可重達1000磅。

【山注】關(guān)于“鱣”是什么魚，有爭議。崔豹認為是大鯉魚，其古今注曾云：“鯉大者為鱣”；不過郭璞在注爾雅時認為鱣是黃魚，理雅各此處認同郭說。

（06）Of the鮪 I was not so sure.It is described as like a sturgeon,but much smaller,the snout longer and more pointed,with the flesh white.Williams erroneously calls it 'a kind of eel or water snake,found in the Yang-tsze Keang.'The fish is common enough at Han-k'ow,Kew-keang.and other places on that river.We should no doubt find it also in the Ho.It is described in Blakiston's 'Five months on the Yang-tsze',p.77.Figures of it are given on p.83 to help naturalists to identify the species.He says 'it had somewhat the appearance of a dogfish or shark';but I believe the Chinese are correct in saying that it is a kind of sturgeon.The line might be translated,'Amid shoals of sturgeon,the large and the snouted.

【山譯】至于“鮪”是什么魚，我不太確定。它的描述聽起來很類似于鱘魚，但是要小的多，而吻卻更長更尖，肉是白色的。威廉姆斯錯誤的認為它是在揚子江也有的一種鰻魚或水蛇。而這種魚在漢口、武昌〖山注||? 我不確定Kew-keang是不是武昌的音譯，只是感覺描述的有點像武昌魚〗以及江河的其他地方十分常見，因此毫無疑問，我們應(yīng)該也能在黃河中找到它。布拉克斯頓曾經(jīng)在他所著的《揚子江上的五個月》的第77頁中對這種魚魚進行過描述，其并在第83頁給出了這種魚的形體描繪，他在描述中說，這種魚的外形有點像狗魚或鯊尾魚，這可以幫助博物學(xué)家進行物種識別。但我認為中國學(xué)者認為這是一種鱘魚的觀點是正確的，因此“鳣鮪”可以翻譯成有大個的和長吻的鱘魚群。

【山注】“鮪”一種同鯉同類的魚，陸機所著《詩草木鳥獸魚疏》：“鮪似鱣而靑黑，頭小而尖，似鐵兜鍪，口在頷下，大?爲(wèi)王鮪，小?爲(wèi)叔鮪，肉白，味不逮鱣，今東萊遼東謂之尉魚。”

（07）'發(fā)發(fā)may describe the abundance of the fishes,or their struggles in the nets.

【山譯】“發(fā)發(fā)”可用來描述魚很多的樣子，或者是描述魚與網(wǎng)搏斗的樣子。

【山注】“發(fā)發(fā)”此處應(yīng)該是擬聲詞，摹擬魚尾甩動的聲音。從而表現(xiàn)出網(wǎng)中魚的鮮活和豐富。

（08）葭，-as in ii.XⅠV.1.

【山譯】“葭”的注解可參見國風(fēng)第二召南的第14篇《騶虞》。

【山注】“葭”就是蘆葦。

【山錄】《國風(fēng)·召南·騶虞》——? 彼茁者葭，壹發(fā)五豝，于嗟乎騶虞！/ 彼茁者蓬，壹發(fā)五豵，于嗟乎騶虞！

（09）菼is a kindred plant;other names for it are薍and荻.

【山譯】“菼”是一種與“葭”關(guān)系較近的植物品種，也被稱為“薍”或“荻”。

【山注】菼，荻草也?！稜栄牛尣荨罚喝I薍?！苍]〕似葦而小，實中，江東呼爲(wèi)烏蓲。

（10）揭揭express the rank high growth of the rushes.

【山譯】“揭揭”用來形容蘆葦荻草長得很高的樣子。

（11）The marchioness of Wei was a Keang(姜)；by庶姜must be intended her cousins,attending her from Ts'e to her harem,-'the virgins,her companions';

【山譯】衛(wèi)侯夫人是姜姓，因此“庶姜”指的是陪伴她從齊國來到衛(wèi)國后宮的眾位同姓堂姐妹，可以理解成她的陪嫁同伴。

（12）孽孽expresses the richness of their array.

【山譯】“孽孽”用來形容莊姜陪嫁姐妹眾多且各個貌美的盛狀。

（13）庶士are the officers escorting Chwang Keang and her companions from Ts'e;有朅expresses their martial appearance.

【山譯】“庶士”是齊國派來護送莊姜和陪嫁姐妹隊伍的士兵官員?！坝袞A”是形容這些兵將英武善戰(zhàn)的樣子。

【山注】“庶士”理雅各認為是護送隊伍的官員，但更可能是滕臣，諸侯陪嫁不止有女子還有男人，秦相百里奚就是從晉國陪嫁秦穆姬入秦的。

【山注】“朅”，毛公傳：武壯貌。

The rhymes are-in st.1,頎(prop.cat.15),衣,妻,姨,私，cat.1t.1;in2,荑，脂，蠐，犀，眉，ib;倩，盼,*,cat.13;in3,敖，郊，驕，鑣，朝，勞，cat.2;in4,活，濊，發(fā)，揭，孽，朅，cat.15,t.3.