【管理辭典】供應(yīng)鏈柔性 / Flexibility of Supply Chains


「釋義」
供應(yīng)鏈柔性指供應(yīng)鏈指對顧客需求做出反映的能力。
供應(yīng)鏈柔性成為評價供應(yīng)鏈績效的一項重要指標。供應(yīng)鏈柔性對于需方而言,代表了對未來變化的預(yù)期;對于供方而言,它是對自身所能承受的需求波動的估計。
簡單地理解供應(yīng)鏈的柔性是指快速而經(jīng)濟地處理企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動中環(huán)境或由環(huán)境引起的不確定性的能力,一般由緩沖、適應(yīng)和創(chuàng)新三種能力構(gòu)成。
「應(yīng)用場景」
多數(shù)行業(yè)的制造商尋求專供單一領(lǐng)域的供應(yīng)商和分包商,后者則需要依賴更多次級供應(yīng)商。這種安排的好處是:你的產(chǎn)品組件產(chǎn)地更具柔性,可以使用最新科技。但是如果你的產(chǎn)品網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部某個關(guān)鍵組件或物料依賴單一供應(yīng)商,則有可能出現(xiàn)風(fēng)險。如果該供應(yīng)商只能在一家工廠或一個國家生產(chǎn)這一產(chǎn)品,你被顛覆的風(fēng)險會更高。
Manufacturers in most industries have turned to suppliers and subcontractors who narrowly focus on just one area, and those specialists, in turn, usually have to rely on many others. Such an arrangement offers benefits: You have a lot of flexibility in what goes into your product, and you’re able to incorporate the latest technology. But you are left vulnerable when you depend on a single supplier somewhere deep in your network for a crucial component or material. If that supplier produces the item in only one plant or one country, your disruption risks are even higher.
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以上文字選自《哈佛商業(yè)評論》中文版2020年9月刊《后疫情時代的全球供應(yīng)鏈》
史兆威(Willy C. Shih)| 文
馬冰侖?丨編輯?