country names and nationalities

 國(guó)家名字及民族

Esperanto has a two-part system for naming countries and their inhabitants. 

 世界語(yǔ)有“兩段系統(tǒng)”去為國(guó)家和居民命名

This two-part system developed early in the history of Esperanto, and was based on the idea of a division of the world into "Old World" and"New World". 

 這種"兩段系統(tǒng)"發(fā)展于世界語(yǔ)誕生早期，將世界分成“舊大陸”和“新大陸”兩段時(shí)期

The assumption was that the "Old World" countries took their names from the people who lived there. 

 “舊大陸”的國(guó)家的名字來(lái)自住在那國(guó)家人民（民族）

In contrast, "New World" countries consisted mainly of immigrants and their descendants, so their inhabitants were named after the countries they lived in. 

 與“舊大陸”相比，“新大陸”的國(guó)家主要由移民及其他們的后裔組成，所以它們的移民以他們所住的國(guó)家命名。

So, for some "Old World" countries, mainly in Europe and Asia,the Esperanto root form gives the name of the inhabitant, and the name ofthe country is formed from it. 

 所以，一些“舊大陸”國(guó)家，主要在歐洲和亞洲，世界語(yǔ)的詞根賦予那里的居民的世界語(yǔ)名稱，國(guó)家的名字便從居民的名稱中形成的

For other "New World" countries, mainly in the Americas, Africa and Oceania, the Esperanto root form gives the name of the country, and the name of the inhabitant is formed from it.

其他的“新大陸”國(guó)家，主要在美洲，非洲和大洋洲，世界語(yǔ)詞根賦予這些國(guó)家的世界語(yǔ)名稱，而那里的居民的名稱便從國(guó)家名稱中形成

Group 1 (mainly "New World")

第一組（主要是“新大陸”）

The first group takes the name of the country as the root form (e.g. Brazil-o, Kanad-o) and an inhabitant of that country isformed by adding -an (member) in front of the ending -o.

第一組以國(guó)家名字作為詞根（例如Brazil-o, Kanad-o）這些國(guó)家的公民是由詞根加-ano（在詞尾-o前加-an）

For example:

Brazilanoj lo?as en Brazilo.

Brazilians live in Brazil.

 巴西人住在巴西

Kanadanoj lo?as en Kanado.

Canadians live in Canada. 

 加拿大人住在加拿大

Group 2 (mainly "Old World")

第二組（主要是舊大陸）

The second group takes the name of the inhabitant as the root form (e.g. ital-o,german-o) and its country name is formed byadding -uj in front of the ending -o. 

 第二組用那里的居民來(lái)作為詞根，他們國(guó)家的名稱是詞根加-ujo(原文：詞尾-o前加-uj)

For example:

Italoj lo?as en Italujo. 

Italians live in Italy. 

 意大利人住在意大利

 Germanoj lo?as en Germanujo. 

Germans live in Germany. 

 德國(guó)人住在德國(guó)

Many people prefer to use the ending -io for Group 2 names rather than the traditional ending -ujo. This is how we teachcountry names here on Duolingo:

 大多數(shù)人會(huì)選擇使用-io來(lái)代替-ujo,這也是多鄰國(guó)教你用世界語(yǔ)說(shuō)國(guó)家的名稱的方法

about the Americas

關(guān)于阿妹你看上帝壓狗的事（大誤） 

Usono refers to the USA,while Ameriko refers to the entire American continent; so usonano isa US citizen, while amerikano is someone from North, Central, or South America.

 Usono指的是美國(guó)，而 Ameriko指的是這個(gè)美洲大陸，所以u(píng)sonano 是美國(guó)人的意思，而amerikano是指在北美，中美或者南美的人

more accented letters

更多關(guān)于重音字母

The following table shows the rest of the accented letters, which are also called ?apelitaj literoj (literally, "letters with hats").

下列表格展示了其余重音字母，也叫做?apelitaj literoj （帶帽字母）

Note: ? is pronounced as a strongly as pirated"h", like the "ch" in the Scottish word "loch"(not pronounced "lock"), while ? is normally only used after a and e, in the combinations a? and e?.

注意：? 的發(fā)音是送氣強(qiáng)度較高的h，像“ch”在蘇格蘭語(yǔ)單詞"loch"(別讀成"lock")，而?通常只跟在a和e的后面，形成a? 和e?.

封面：我在人民廣場(chǎng)吃著炸雞，而此時(shí)此刻你在哪里？

原文：http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Countries-and-Nationalities

翻譯：vanilo