2002年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題及解析【第三篇】
passage3

注解:標(biāo)題為紅色,翻譯為藍(lán)色,分析為綠色。
? ? ? ??Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC(OPEC,全稱Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries,石油輸出國(guó)組織) agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude(crude粗略的;大概的;冒犯的;天然的;(本文使用的這個(gè)意思)) oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling(triple增至三倍,tripling三倍的) of oil prices calls up(call?up打電話給;召集;使想起(本文使用的這個(gè)意思);提出) scary(scary可怕的)?memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled(quadruple增至四倍), and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines(headlines頭條新聞(noun)(本文使用的這個(gè)意思);給……加標(biāo)題(verb);出任主角(verb) )warning of gloom憂郁 and doom厄運(yùn) this time?
????????The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq伊拉克(西南亞國(guó)家) suspended(懸掛;停止(本文使用的這個(gè)意思);) oil exports.Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips抓住,握緊?the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
????????Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail零售 price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted柔和的 effect on pump prices than in the past.
????????Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive敏感的 to swings(swing 秋千;搖擺(本文使用的這個(gè)意思);) in the oil price. Energy conservation,a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP(GDP國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值全稱(Gross Domestic Product))(in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD(OECD,經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)) estimates in its latest Economic Outlook(Outlook看法,態(tài)度;前景(本文使用的這個(gè)意思),展望(本文使用的這個(gè)意思也行);) that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.On the other hand, oil-importing emerging(emerging新興的?。?!這個(gè)詞很重要啊,前幾年文章就出現(xiàn)了?。。。?/span> economies-to which heavy industry has shifted-have become more energy-intensive(加強(qiáng)的;密集的(本文使用的這個(gè)意思);深入細(xì)致的,精耕細(xì)作的;加強(qiáng)詞意的), and so could be more seriously squeezed.擠壓
????????One more reason not to lose sleep(lose sleep 失眠;擔(dān)憂(因某事而睡不著覺的擔(dān)憂)(本文使用的這個(gè)意思更為貼切)) over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.A sizable portion(portion一部分;一份;地區(qū)(本文使用的這個(gè)意思更為貼切);)of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.
一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析
這是一篇關(guān)于油價(jià)上漲對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)影響的文章。文章主要分析了油價(jià)上漲不會(huì)造成全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因。文章前兩段引起讀者的興趣并交待背景,第三段給出作者觀點(diǎn),緊接著用三個(gè)理由對(duì)其觀點(diǎn)加以支持。
第一段:以提問和數(shù)據(jù)兩種方式提出作者關(guān)注的問題:
這次石油價(jià)格上漲會(huì)不會(huì)像前兩次一樣造成經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退?以便引起讀者的興趣。
第二段:補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明油價(jià)上漲的另外兩個(gè)因素,交代所討論問題的背景。
第三段:第一句話為全文的中心思想,也是對(duì)第一段提出問題的回答,
即:不會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡,接著給出一個(gè)理由——原油僅占汽油價(jià)格的一小部分。
第四段:給出支持作者論點(diǎn)的第二個(gè)理由:大國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)石油的依賴性不大。本段主要使用數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行論證。
第五段:不會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡的第三個(gè)理由:沒有整體的物價(jià)上漲為大背景。論證中使用70年代的情況作為參照與現(xiàn)在的情況進(jìn)行比較。
31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ________.
[A] global inflation
[B] reduction in supply
[C] fast growth in economy?
[D] Iraq's suspension of exports
31.最近石油價(jià)格上漲的主要原因是__________。
【A】全球性通貨膨脹
【B】石油供應(yīng)量下降
【C】經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長(zhǎng)
【D】伊拉克暫停石油出口
32.It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if _____.
[A] price of crude rises
[B] commodity prices rise?
[C] consumption rises
[D] oil taxes rise
32.從文中可以推出,在_________下,石油零售價(jià)格會(huì)大幅上漲?
【A】原油價(jià)格上漲
【B】商品價(jià)格上漲
【C】消費(fèi)上漲
【D】石油稅上漲
33.The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries ___________.
[A] heavy industry becomes more energy intensive?
[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices?
[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed
[D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP
33.在《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中的文章估計(jì)在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家_________。
【A】重工業(yè)消耗更多能源
【B】收入的損失來(lái)自原油價(jià)格的波動(dòng)
【C】制造業(yè)受到嚴(yán)重沖擊
【D】油價(jià)變化隊(duì)GDP沒有很大影響
34.We can draw a conclusion from the text that_________.
[A] oil price shocks are less shocking now?
[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks?
[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices
[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry
34.從課文中,可以得出的結(jié)論是___________。
【A】現(xiàn)在的油價(jià)暴漲并不可怕
【B】通貨膨脹與油價(jià)暴漲無(wú)關(guān)
【C】能源儲(chǔ)備可以抑制油價(jià)
【D】原油價(jià)格上漲導(dǎo)致重工業(yè)的萎縮
35.From the text we can see that the writer seems ____________.
[A] optimistic?
[B] sensitive?
[C] gloomy
[D] scared
35.作者對(duì)“油價(jià)上漲”所持的態(tài)度為_______。
【A】樂觀
【B】敏感
【C】悲傷
【D】害怕
二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯
(1)conservation(n.)保護(hù);保存;保護(hù)區(qū)
(2)conserve(v.)保存
(3)crude(a.)天然的;未加工的;粗制的;粗魯?shù)?/span>
(4)doom(n.)毀滅,滅亡
(5)energy intensive(a.)能源密集型的
(6)gloom(n.)黑暗,陰暗
(7)hemisphere(n.)半球,半球體
(8)quadruple(a.)四倍的;
quadri=quadru前綴,表示“四”,
如:quadruple四倍的;quadrilingual能用四種語(yǔ)言的
(9)squeeze(v.)壓榨,擠,擠榨
(10)swing(v.)搖擺,擺動(dòng),回轉(zhuǎn),回旋;(n.)秋千,搖擺,擺動(dòng)
三、閱讀答案:B D D A A
四、全文翻譯:
????????過(guò)去經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落的壞日子是否會(huì)重來(lái)?自從石油輸出國(guó)組織在3月決定減少原油供應(yīng)以來(lái),原油的價(jià)格便從去年12月的不到10美元一桶上升到到約26美元一桶。這次近三倍的漲價(jià)令人想起了1973年和1979-1980年兩次可怕的石油恐慌,當(dāng)時(shí)的油價(jià)分別是漲了四倍和近三倍。前兩次的油價(jià)暴漲都導(dǎo)致了兩位數(shù)的通貨膨脹率以及全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。那么這次警告人們厄運(yùn)來(lái)臨的頭版新聞都到哪里去了呢?
????????本周伊拉克暫停石油出口,這使油價(jià)又一次上揚(yáng)。強(qiáng)勁的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭,隨著北半球冬季的到來(lái),有可能在短期內(nèi)使石油價(jià)格漲得更高。
????????然而,我們有充分的理由預(yù)期這次油價(jià)暴漲給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)的影響不會(huì)象20世紀(jì)70年代那么嚴(yán)重。與70年代相比,現(xiàn)在多數(shù)國(guó)家的原油價(jià)格占汽油價(jià)格的分額要小。在歐洲,稅金在汽油零售價(jià)的比例高達(dá)五分之四,因此,即使原油價(jià)格發(fā)生很大的波動(dòng),汽油價(jià)格所受的影響也不會(huì)象過(guò)去那么顯著。
????????發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)石油的依賴性也不如從前,因此對(duì)油價(jià)的波動(dòng)也就不會(huì)那么敏感。能源儲(chǔ)備、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工業(yè)的重要性降低,這些都減少了石油消耗量。軟件、咨詢及移動(dòng)通訊消耗的石油,比鋼鐵、汽車行業(yè)少得多。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(以目前價(jià)格計(jì)算)中,每一個(gè)美元所消耗的石油量比1973年少了近一半。國(guó)際經(jīng)合組織在最近一期的《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中估計(jì),如果油價(jià)持續(xù)一年維持在22美元左右,與1998年的13美元一桶相比,這也只會(huì)使發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的石油進(jìn)口支出上增加GDP的0.25-0.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。這還不到1974年或1980年收入減少部分的四分之一。另一方面,進(jìn)口石油的新興國(guó)家由于轉(zhuǎn)向了重工業(yè),消耗能量更大,因此可能會(huì)受到石油危機(jī)的強(qiáng)烈影響。
????????另外一個(gè)不應(yīng)因油價(jià)上升而失眠的原因是,與20世紀(jì)70年代不同,這次油價(jià)上升不是發(fā)生在普遍的物價(jià)暴漲及全球需求過(guò)旺背景之下。世界上很多地區(qū)才剛剛走出經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落。《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家》的商品價(jià)格指數(shù)與一年前相比,總體上沒有什么變化。1973年的商品價(jià)格躍升了70%,而1979年也上升了近30%。
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