1279年元軍攻滅南宋之后，忽必烈于1281年春發(fā)動了對日本的第二次侵略。元軍的這次侵略規(guī)模大于第一次，東路軍由忻都、洪茶丘率領(lǐng)蒙古人及女真、契丹（士兵19000人，金方慶統(tǒng)高麗（朝鮮）軍10000人，乘戰(zhàn)艦900艘，加上高麗（朝鮮）水手17000人，攜軍糧10萬石，由高麗出發(fā)；

另由范文虎、李庭等人率領(lǐng)的南宋降軍10萬人 ，乘戰(zhàn)船3千5百艘，從慶元、定海今浙江省寧波市）出發(fā)；兩軍約定于6月會合，東路軍負(fù)責(zé)作戰(zhàn)，江南軍則在占領(lǐng)區(qū)屯田，生產(chǎn)米糧。
自1275年起，日本幕府就開始積極為元軍可能發(fā)起的第二次侵略戰(zhàn)爭做準(zhǔn)備，除了改進(jìn)弓箭，組織九州武士外，幕府還在很多元軍可能登陸的地點(diǎn)修建堡壘和其它防御工事；

當(dāng)時的日本幕府將軍——北條時宗下令，在日本沿岸所有重要地區(qū)建起“元寇防壘”，起到了重大防衛(wèi)作用——元軍的戰(zhàn)艦在到達(dá)日本近海時，竟找不到登陸的地點(diǎn)，只得停泊在博多灣長達(dá)一個月。這段期間，元軍對日本發(fā)動了幾次強(qiáng)行登陸作戰(zhàn)均告失敗
直到七月初，元軍南北兩軍在九州外海會合。元軍會師后再度發(fā)動登陸作戰(zhàn)，這次遠(yuǎn)征軍遇到了更頑強(qiáng)更有效的抵抗，日軍以石墻為掩護(hù)，不斷擊退元軍的進(jìn)攻，許多蒙古軍將領(lǐng)相繼陣亡，戰(zhàn)斗又持續(xù)了一個多月，元軍的損失慘重，依然不能突破石墻。

同年夏，元軍聯(lián)合朝鮮軍隊奪取了壹岐島，向九州進(jìn)發(fā)，并在不同地點(diǎn)登陸。在經(jīng)歷一些獨(dú)立的小戰(zhàn)斗后，元軍被趕回了船上。此時一場持續(xù)兩天的臺風(fēng)襲擊了元軍艦隊，并摧毀了大部分的船只。
7月30日，元軍再次遭到臺風(fēng)的襲擊，風(fēng)暴持續(xù)四天，軍艦大部分沉沒。

元軍主帥范文虎擅自決定班師。而被遺棄在日本九龍山的海灘上的元軍尚有三萬余人，日本發(fā)動反攻，將殘存的元軍驅(qū)趕至一處名為八角島的狹窄地區(qū)；這些元軍大部分戰(zhàn)死，其余數(shù)萬士兵被俘。
總計元朝第二次攻打日本的軍隊，只有不到十分之一生還。
兩次擊退“元寇”后，幕府繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)九州的防務(wù)，那里的許多軍事設(shè)施很多年后還有效；然而，為了應(yīng)對“元寇”而進(jìn)行的全國范圍動員，使得日本的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事都處于重壓之下，資源使用已經(jīng)到了極限，幕府也無法充分賞賜抗元將士，加劇了國內(nèi)武士集團(tuán)間的矛盾，埋下了鐮倉幕府統(tǒng)治體系于14世紀(jì)前半葉瓦解的背景。

評論翻譯

原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

Hamza Feroz

So only Japan , Veitnam ,Egypt , India and Poland defeated the Mongols?

因此，只有日本、越南、埃及、印度和波蘭打敗了蒙古人。

Fukuokasimin Channel

It proved that there was nothing better than the geographical advantage.?

不，他們打敗蒙古人只能說明地理優(yōu)勢非常重要

Ali Salloum

It's more like we are thankful for the new Mongol leader who didnt want to take any more lands

They didn't even try Egypt by the way

They took Damascus for a purpose and didn't even stay they went back just after doing what they were commanded

And later on all other lands didn't matter

With some fighting for rule within Mongolia

And the empire fall

But if all had the ambition of Genkis Khan

We would have been in a Mongolian rule

我們應(yīng)該感謝蒙古的新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，因為他不想再奪取更多的土地了。

順便說一句，蒙古人并沒有去過埃及。

蒙古人在攻下大馬士革后甚至來不及停留，就回去了。

再后來土地在蒙古人眼里變得不重要了，他們開始為了爭奪統(tǒng)治權(quán)彼此混戰(zhàn)。

蒙古帝國從那時起就開始衰亡。

但如果所有蒙古人都有成吉思汗的野心，我們今天說不定就在蒙古人的統(tǒng)治之下了

Grigoris Karelis

Actually Japan(this video), Egypt(Ain Jalut) and maybe Vietnam. Poland lost every battle against the mongols and the mongols didn't advance in central Europe because of succesion crisis IN the khanate. India was eventually taken -there was a whole dynasty named after the mongols (Mughal).?

實(shí)際上是日本，埃及，也許還有越南，波蘭在與蒙古人的每一場戰(zhàn)斗中都失敗了，蒙古人因為自身的統(tǒng)治危機(jī)而沒有繼續(xù)在中歐取得進(jìn)展。

印度最終還是被蒙古人占領(lǐng)了-蒙古人建立了一個以蒙古人命名的印度王朝(莫臥兒)。

starfox300

This video makes it seem Japan won only because of luck that there was a typhoon. But out of all the 11 battles Japan won 8 of them, how is that luck??

這個視頻看起來像是在說，日本人之所以勝利是因為臺風(fēng)，但縱觀蒙古與日本打得11場仗，日本人贏了其中的8場，怎么能說是日本憑借運(yùn)氣贏了蒙古呢？

Cloгох Блять

You do realise the HUGE MAJORITY of Mongol Soldiers at that time were Chinese and Korean, right??

你知道當(dāng)時的絕大多數(shù)的元軍士兵都是中國人和朝鮮人，對嗎？

Basketballfan15

Probably because they are in japanese lands and mongols without horses weakened them a lot?

那是因為日本有一片海作為保護(hù)，而且沒有馬的蒙古人戰(zhàn)斗力被限制住了。

Red-Dog 777

「十月廿日未明より、蒙古陸地にあかり、馬に仱轆破欷頦ⅳ堡乒イ搿?

十月初凌晨，蒙古點(diǎn)亮燈火開始登陸，騎馬舉旗展開進(jìn)攻

aclock2

That's not luck, that's Japanese version of history. I'm amazed they didnt win all the battles, and it should not be the typhoon, it should be something like Mongol successfully landed with half a million horsemen but they were soundly defeated by 300 Japanese Samurai, more like it.?

確實(shí)不是運(yùn)氣，但根據(jù)日本人的歷史觀，我認(rèn)為真實(shí)的歷史應(yīng)該是蒙古成功登陸50萬騎兵，但被300名日本武士徹底擊敗。

アニメはクールだ

well the mongols could have reinforced and sent more troops if the typhoons hadn’t come, it’s not like the japanese had 8 billion soldiers and were the strongest people on earth?

嗯，如果沒有臺風(fēng)的話，蒙古人還可以增派軍隊，不像日本當(dāng)時只有8萬士兵，而且還是本土能夠找到的，所有最強(qiáng)的戰(zhàn)斗力。

WithAStick AngryWhiteMan

Luck played big part in History of human wars, dear. The Chinese always say luck also is a part of strength that is for reasons. But people can not 100% rely on luck, one can not just sleep all days and ask Gods to do all the Jobs for them.

在人類戰(zhàn)爭史上，運(yùn)氣確實(shí)起了很大的作用。中國人總是說運(yùn)氣也是力量的一部分，這是有原因的。

但是人們不能靠運(yùn)氣吃飯。

Also people say Russia was saved by winter but they tend to forget Russians completely stopped French & German army made them sink into troubles already before winter came. And Winter tortures both side, Russians don't like winter too. Germans Frenches have no supplies, starved & dead in cold winter that was because of their leadership. if Russians have no supplies, also will die.

人們常說俄羅斯得救是因為冬天，但他們往往忘記了，在歷史上俄羅斯人抵擋住了法國（拿破侖）和德國軍隊的攻勢，使他們在冬天到來之前就陷入了麻煩。

冬天使交戰(zhàn)雙方都感到痛苦，俄國人也不喜歡冬天。只要沒有補(bǔ)給，不論是俄羅斯人還是德國人都撐不過冬天。

光のペンギン

the typhoon wasnt really a　coincidence since there's a season in Japan when typhoon comes almost absolutely. So pretty much the Mongolian-Chinese-Korean military lost by lack of knowledge

這場臺風(fēng)并不是巧合，因為日本有一個季節(jié)，臺風(fēng)幾乎是必來的。所以蒙古-中國-朝鮮的軍隊是由于缺乏知識而失敗的。

Hendry Sugianto

Chinese and Korean lose because lack of navigation knowledge?

你的意思是因為中國人和韓國人缺乏航海知識而輸?shù)魬?zhàn)爭？

光のペンギン

Hendry Sugianto

Mongol-Chinese-Koreans didnt have problem in navigation; they were able to reach the Japanese land. What they didnt know was whether they will be safe to sail or stay on the sea. They should have chosen spring or winter since there's less typhoon compared to summer or autum (though there' typhoon anyway throughout the year).　Their second invasion was pretty stupid from Japanese perspection, because the date (July-August) was the worst time to avoid typhoon. Its actually a wonder how they were able to survive two months.?

蒙古-中國-韓國人在航行上沒有問題，他們可以通過自身的航海知識到達(dá)日本。

但他們不知道航行或停留在海上是否安全。

他們應(yīng)該選擇春季或冬季，因為與夏季或秋季相比，日本的臺風(fēng)較少(盡管全年都有臺風(fēng))。

從日本人的角度來看，蒙古人的第二次入侵是相當(dāng)愚蠢的，因為7月至8月正是臺風(fēng)可能出現(xiàn)的高發(fā)時間段。

蒙古人能在海上撐兩個月還真是個奇跡。?。

WithAStick AngryWhiteMan

Not lack of knowledge, books said not even Japanese themselves knew about the storm would come. not to mention happened twice. Mongols did not fear Japanese but the power of Gods made mongols crapped in their pants.?

不是缺乏知識，當(dāng)時甚至連日本人自己也不知道風(fēng)暴會來，更不用說來兩次。

蒙古人不害怕日本人，但天時和地利一樣不占讓蒙古人有心無力。?

漢仔

The typhoon is only a major reason why the ships sank. Another reason is the shipbuilders in Korea did not put in effort in building strong naval ships for the Mongols. Because the Mongols demand them to build thousands of ships within a couple of months.

臺風(fēng)只是船只沉沒的主要原因。另一個原因是朝鮮人沒有為蒙古人建造合格的艦船。因為蒙古人要求朝鮮人在幾個月內(nèi)建造數(shù)千艘船。

poortaiwanese

The southern Chinese force did not engage in the invasion. They've arrived late on purpose and did not battle the japanese.

The invasion was mostly done by the koryo (korean) forces.?

中國南方軍隊沒有參與入侵。他們是故意遲到的，沒有和日本人作戰(zhàn)。

入侵主要是由高麗(朝鮮)部隊完成的。

kaisermuto

Mongolian horse men could not occupy Japan even if Mongolian landed and advanced deep Japan,

There exist mountains and woods and deep forest. How could they battle in forest?

How could they battle among valley??

蒙古人是游牧民族，不可能占領(lǐng)日本，即使蒙古人登陸并推進(jìn)到日本腹地，

那里盡是高山和深林。他們怎么能在森林和山谷中作戰(zhàn)？

Seungheun Cheon

If i remember correctly the mongol army used their speed to their advantage. They would try their best not to go into places with mountain and forest. They would always stay on the big roads. Doing this they reached the korean capital before the korean could raise an army.?

如果我沒記錯的話，速度是蒙古軍隊最大的優(yōu)勢。他們會避免有山和森林的地方而把戰(zhàn)場選在平坦開闊地帶。

比如說，當(dāng)朝鮮人還沒來得及集結(jié)軍隊，蒙古人就已經(jīng)到達(dá)了朝鮮首都。

Evren Durmaz

Mongol and Japanese a real warrior!

蒙古人和日本人是真正的勇士！

ズッチ

皇紀(jì)2400年だかしある歴史の中で

日本は外國との戦爭ではアメリカにしか

負(fù)けたことがない?

在日本皇紀(jì)2400年的歷史中。

日本在與外國的戰(zhàn)爭中除了美國。

從來沒輸過。

Emile Chen

yes, they are tough warriors, but China Ming dynasty destroyed Mongol Yuan dynasty and invade Mongol steppe, then in Imjin war in 1592, China defeated Japan in Korea,?

是的，他們都是真正的勇士，但是中國明朝摧毀了蒙古元朝，入侵了蒙古草原，然后在1592年日本入侵朝鮮的戰(zhàn)爭中，中國在朝鮮擊敗了日本?。

takasan1964

The "Imjin War" actually ended in a draw.

It was just Hideyoshi 's death that ended the war.

It is written in "the history of the Ming Dynasty" and "the "Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty" that we could not have defeated the enemy.?

明朝與日本的戰(zhàn)爭實(shí)際上是以平局結(jié)束的。

正是由于當(dāng)時日本最高統(tǒng)治者豐臣秀吉的死才導(dǎo)致了這場戰(zhàn)爭的結(jié)束。

這些都是在《明史》和《朝鮮李朝實(shí)錄》中有記載的。

takasan1964

In the Imjin war 1592 (in Korea), at first, Koreans did not fight much bravely., The Japanese army buried korean soldiers who fought bravely with respect. So, Seoul fell in only three weeks.

After the King of Korea escaped from Seoul, the people of Seoul set fire to and looted the royal palaces .?

在1592年日本侵朝戰(zhàn)爭初期，朝鮮人的戰(zhàn)斗意志并不高。在粉碎了少量英勇作戰(zhàn)的朝鮮士兵后，日本軍隊只用了三個星期就攻陷了漢城。

在朝鮮國王逃離漢城后，漢城人民放火并搶劫了王室宮殿。

takasan1964

After that, the Japanese army, even in Manchuria, fought against Manchurians together with thousands of Koreans. And, two Korean princes were also captured by local officials and handed over to the Japanese army.?

在那之后，日本人甚至一度攻到了滿洲（中國東北），和成千上萬的朝鮮降軍一起，和滿洲女真人交戰(zhàn)，另外有兩名朝鮮王子也被當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T抓了起來，移交給了日本軍隊。

takasan1964

And, Japan (the Tokugawa clan) offered reinforcements against Manchurians to China (the Ming Dynasty). However, Korea did not tell "Ming Dynasty" about it well .

After that, "Ming Dynasty" requested reinforcement from Japan more than ten times, but it was too late. (the Qing Dynasty)?

在戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，日本德川幕府曾表示希望幫助明朝政府對抗?jié)M洲女真，然而朝鮮并沒有告訴明朝這件事情。

此后，南明政府曾十多次請求日本增援，但已經(jīng)為時已晚。

ID:L4qR6DZi

徳川家康を渡海させていれば朝鮮どころか

満洲の地を併呑することができた

如果讓德川家康渡海參戰(zhàn)，別說朝鮮了，就連滿洲的土地我們都可以吞并了。

ID:5lZInsAm

秀吉死後、日本勢が半島からあっさり撤退したのが一所懸命の侍らしくない。

北朝鮮はともかくソウル以南では米は普通にとれるし、日韓併合後には內(nèi)地に大量に輸出するほどの

米生産地になったのだし、里心がついてたにしても、あのへんを所領(lǐng)にして殘留希望する武將は出なかったのだろうか？

豐臣秀吉死后，日本勢力從朝鮮半島上撤退的一干二凈，這根本就不是一個敢于流盡最后一滴血的武士做派。

朝鮮北部暫且不說，朝鮮南部（現(xiàn)在韓國地區(qū)）在當(dāng)時已經(jīng)可以收獲大米了，日本不用再通過本土向駐扎在朝鮮的軍隊運(yùn)送大米了。

即便日本軍隊有思鄉(xiāng)之情，領(lǐng)人奇怪的是，難道就沒有為了殘存的希望留下來駐守領(lǐng)地的武將嗎？

ID:Lt0hhmk5

幸州山城の戦いは、朝鮮軍が城を放棄して撤退。

晉州城の戦いは、朝鮮軍が全滅。

露梁海戦は、李舜臣が戦死。

幸州山城之戰(zhàn)是朝鮮軍放棄自己的城池撤退的。

晉州城戰(zhàn)役，朝鮮軍隊全軍覆沒。

露梁海戰(zhàn)中李舜臣戰(zhàn)死。

ID:o1JDb194

ボケ老人秀吉の暴走

文化も資源も水や食料までひたすら何もない朝鮮

ひたすら無能な朝鮮王宮

責(zé)任回避しか考えてない明の將軍

老年癡呆加上情緒失控的豐臣秀吉

沒有文化、資源、水和食物的朝鮮

無能的朝鮮王室

只想回避責(zé)任的明朝將軍

Eul Yong Lee

Japan survived the mongol onslaught for four reasons.

1. They are on an island that is frequently hit by typhoons.

2. Said island has ZERO resources. The mongols had no real incentive to invade Japan. Japan wasn't particularly high on their priorities list. The invasion of Japan was nothing more than a vanity project. They mostly focused their armies and resources on invading richer nations.

日本在蒙古入侵中幸免于難有四個原因。

1.他們居住在一個經(jīng)常受到臺風(fēng)襲擊的島嶼上。

2.這個島嶼上的資源幾乎為零，蒙古人沒有真正的動機(jī)入侵日本，日本在他們的名單上并沒有占據(jù)特別重要的位置。入侵日本只不過是一個虛榮的工程。蒙古的軍隊和資源主要集中在入侵富裕國家上

3. Korean ship makers intentionally sabotaged Mongol ships so that they would break a part at sea. During the typhoon, only the Korean and Chinese made ships survived.

4. The mongols being utterly clueless and impatient, decided to use river boats to cross the sea. River boats have shallow drafts which makes them easily flip over at sea.

3.朝鮮造船者故意破壞蒙古船只，這樣他們就會在海上壞掉一部分。在臺風(fēng)期間，只有韓國和中國制造的船只幸免于難。

4.蒙古人毫無航海知識，耐不住性子，決定用河船渡海。河船的吃水很淺，因此很容易在海上翻船。

The samurai were not particularly good at fighting. Japanese warriors were inferior to their nei***ors. The mongols easily crushed them in direct encounters. In the past, Japan lost all its wars against its nei***ors. The only thing preventing them from being conquered was their distance from the mainland and lack of resources to make them worthwhile of invading.?

武士并不擅長戰(zhàn)斗。日本的武士不如他們的鄰居。

蒙古人很容易在直接交鋒中打敗他們。在過去，日本輸?shù)袅藢︵弴乃袘?zhàn)爭。唯一阻止日本人被征服的，就是他們與大陸之間的距離和缺乏資源的地理環(huán)境，使得日本在別人的眼中不值得入侵。


fled admiral

They could not establish a bridgehead and stayed on the ship for nearly two months. Massive typhoons often come to Japan in this season. Mongol forces stayed such a long time on their ship on this dangerous season, of course typhoon will hit them!!

蒙古軍隊沒有建立橋頭堡，只是在船上呆了近兩個月。在這個季節(jié)，日本經(jīng)常會有大臺風(fēng)。

這個危險的季節(jié)，蒙古軍隊在他們的船上呆了這么長時間，臺風(fēng)當(dāng)然會襲擊他們！

140000 men are massive forces, but to across the sea and invade Japan with such a huge power in those days is really difficult. Lack of information, lack of supply, lack of preparation, I think typhoon gave mongols a finish blow but even without it they would have failed. Main reason why Japan won is their land does not connect to the Continent of Asia.?

140000人是龐大的力量，但要橫渡海洋，以如此強(qiáng)大的力量入侵日本，在當(dāng)時是很困難的。缺乏信息，缺乏供應(yīng)，缺乏準(zhǔn)備，我認(rèn)為臺風(fēng)給了蒙古一個致命的打擊，但即使沒有它，他們也會失敗。日本獲勝的主要原因是他們的土地沒有連接到亞洲大陸。

Ricecel

The Chinese are actually grateful to Mongols for destroying the small kingdoms and uniting China once again, but this time including new lands, Mongolian steppes and the western lands of modern China. Genghis khan is officially China's national hero.

事實(shí)上，中國人感謝蒙古人摧毀了當(dāng)時大大小小的王國，再次統(tǒng)一了中國，但這一次統(tǒng)一帶來了新的土地、蒙古草原和現(xiàn)代中國的西部土地。成吉思汗已經(jīng)成為了中國的民族英雄。?

phungvietanhao

The Mongol did prepare to invade Japan the 3rd time. However, they decided to switch objective to invade Vietnam (also 3rd time) instead.?

蒙古人確實(shí)準(zhǔn)備第三次入侵日本。

然而，最終他們決定將目標(biāo)改為(第三次)入侵越南。

Amin Shahril

in Vietnam and Java they failed too.?

蒙古人在越南和爪哇同樣遭遇了失敗

Kaleidoscope

depending on what you define a defeat. Vietnam did win on the 3rd times but at very high cost in economy due to extensive guerrilla warfare. If there were the 4th invasion with more men (there were 500 thousands on the 3rd invasion) and armies from the West of Mongol empire who can withstand tropical climate in Vietnam, Vietnam will stand no chance. So the Tran Imperial choose to yield to the Mongol afterward in exchange for territorial, political, cultural and (partially) economy freedom.?

失不失敗取決于你自己的定義。越南在第三次蒙越戰(zhàn)爭中獲勝，但也因此付出了很高的經(jīng)濟(jì)代價。

如果蒙古帝國集結(jié)能夠適應(yīng)越南熱帶氣候的西部軍隊，發(fā)動第四次戰(zhàn)爭，越南就沒有機(jī)會了。

因此，越南選擇在第三次蒙越戰(zhàn)爭后屈服于蒙古，以換取領(lǐng)土、政治、文化和(部分)經(jīng)濟(jì)自由。