一、單詞

1.jazz /d??z/ n. 爵士樂(lè)；

① pop music 流行音樂(lè)

classic music 古典音樂(lè)

country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)

rock and roll 搖滾樂(lè)

②listen to jazz

He listen to jazz almost every day.

2. musical /?mju?z?k(?)l/ adj. 音樂(lè)的，配樂(lè)的；悅耳的，動(dòng)聽(tīng)的

① musical film 音樂(lè)劇

②動(dòng)聽(tīng)的 ?She has a musical voice 她有著動(dòng)聽(tīng)的嗓音

③music + al-> adj.

post -> postal 郵政的

nature -> natural?自然的，天然的

3. instrument /??nstr?m?nt/ n. 器械；樂(lè)器；儀器；?

music instrument 樂(lè)器

piano?鋼琴

violin 小提琴

4. clavichord /?kl?v?k??d/ n. 古鋼琴

5. recently /?ri?s(?)ntli/ adv. 最近，不久前

recent (adj.) 最近的 + ly -> recently (adv.)

recent news 最新消息

in recent years 最近幾年

They have recently discovered an island.

Lee came to see me recently.

6.damage /?d?m?d?/ n. （有形的）損壞，損失；損害，傷害；?v. 損壞，損害；?

①v. 損害

The car was damaged in the accident.

Smoking can damage your heath.

②n. 損害，損失

do damage to … 對(duì)… 造成損害

cause damage to …

7.key /ki?/ n. 鑰匙；（電腦、打字機(jī)或樂(lè)器的）鍵；關(guān)鍵，要訣；答案；?

the key to the front door.?前門(mén)的鑰匙

a key to the exercise 練習(xí)的答案

8.string /str??/ n. 線(xiàn)，細(xì)繩；弦；

9.shock /??k/ n. 令人震驚的事；憤怒，生氣； v. 使震驚，使難以置信；（言語(yǔ)或行為）（使）憤慨，（使）生氣；?

①Jane was shocked at the news.

be shocked at … 對(duì)…感到震驚

② His words shocked us

sth shock sb?某事另某人感到震驚

③n.震驚

His words gave me a shock

give sb a shock

10. allow /??la?/ v. 允許，準(zhǔn)許；?

① allow doing sth. 允許做…

We allow smoking only in smoking area.

② allow sb to do 允許某人做…

His parents won’t allow him to smoke.

Photography is not allowed in the museum.

③ be allowed to do sth.

11. touch /t?t?/ v. 觸摸，碰；感動(dòng)，觸動(dòng)，使同情；

① Don’t touch the painting.

② I touched him on the shoulder

touch sb on … 觸碰某人的某個(gè)部位

③ The story touched me deeply. 感動(dòng)

二、課文和語(yǔ)法

1. We have an old musical instrument.

musical instrument 樂(lè)器

該句是主動(dòng)句，句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。

表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常不用在被動(dòng)句中，have表示擁有的狀態(tài)，不用在被動(dòng)句中

表狀態(tài)的詞有have, fit, cost, lack, posses, belong to

The shirt cost me $99

2. It is called a clavichord.

該句是被動(dòng)句，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，句子是被動(dòng)句

改為主動(dòng)句: We call it a clavichord.

3. It was made in Germany in 1681. 被動(dòng)句

make-made-made

該句動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不明確，所以還是保留被動(dòng)句的說(shuō)法

be made in… 制造于…

make 生產(chǎn)、制造，常見(jiàn)的搭配有:

①be made in sw.?產(chǎn)于某地

These desks were made in Shanghai.

②be made by sb?由某人制造

This cake is made by my sister

③ be made of sth. 由某種材料制成(看得出材料)

The ring is made of gold.

④ be made from sth. 由多種材料混合制成（看不出單個(gè)材料）

The cake is made from sugar, flour, butter and eggs.

⑤ be made into sth.?被制作成了成品

This piece of cloth can be made into a dress

⑥ be made up of sth. 由… 組成，構(gòu)成（機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體等）

4. Our clavichord was kept in the living room. 被動(dòng)句

We keep our clavichord in the living room

keep-kept-kept

5. It has belonged to our family for a long time.

belong vi. 屬于…?只用于主動(dòng)句中

不及物動(dòng)詞往往不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

The bike belongs to Mike.

He belongs to a golf club

6. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.

buy-bought-bought

My grandfather bought the instrument many years ago.

7.Recently it was damaged by a visitor

A visitor damaged it recently.

damage 損壞，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度較輕

8. She tried to play jazz on it.

try to do sth… 不定式作賓語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，通常不能變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

I hope to see you soon.

She like singing.

play jazz 演奏爵士樂(lè)

play后接樂(lè)器的時(shí)候，樂(lè)器的前面要加the

play the piano

play +樂(lè)曲+ on the +樂(lè)器

play a tune(曲調(diào)) on the violin

9. She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.

strike-struck-struck

break-broke-broken

The keys were struck too hard and she broke two of the strings.

10. My father was shocked

It shocked my father

11. We are not allowed to touch it .

allow sb to do sth.

Sb be allowed to do sth.

My father don’t allow us to touch it.

12. It is being repaired by a friend of my father’s

be being done 進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

A friend of my father’s is repairing it.

a friend of my father’s 是雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu)

在雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu)中，代詞（你，我，他，你們，我們，他們）要用名詞性物主代詞

Mike is a friend of mine.

She is a friend of Jane’s

①雙重所有格用來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系是人，不是物

a friend of my father’s

② 雙重所有格還常用this, that, these 和those 修飾of短語(yǔ)前面的名詞，表示愛(ài)、恨、褒、貶等情感

this son of mine 我這個(gè)兒子

that dog of Robert’s 羅伯特的那條狗

those dirty hands of yours 你那骯臟的手

13. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

結(jié)構(gòu)為 be done

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的變化來(lái)表示

只有動(dòng)作時(shí)及物動(dòng)詞才能構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作由什么人或者什么東西發(fā)出的，常用介詞by+行為發(fā)出者

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)沒(méi)有將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和各種完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)各種時(shí)態(tài)形式如下

14. 名詞的屬格

(1)名詞所有格的構(gòu)成

1)單數(shù)名詞，詞尾加’s

2) 復(fù)數(shù)名詞

① 不以-s 或-es結(jié)尾的特殊變化的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在詞尾加’s

the children’s Day 兒童節(jié)

②以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在詞尾加’構(gòu)成所有格

③ 復(fù)合名詞在最后一個(gè)詞后加’s

my father-in-law’s company

④ 對(duì)于and連接的并列名詞，當(dāng)表示共有的情況下，只需在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s， 若各自所有，則需在每個(gè)名詞后加’s

John and his wife’s bank savings

(2) 名詞所有格的用法

1)用于有生命的名詞：姓名、人稱(chēng)、不定代詞、國(guó)家、集體名詞、高等動(dòng)物等名詞后面

Mary’s brother

my brother’s car

nobody’s fault

China’s exports and imports in January

the horse’s mouth

2)用于無(wú)生命的名詞：

①表示時(shí)間、距離

a month’s salary

②表示重量、度量或價(jià)值

two pounds’ weight

two dollars’ worth of sugar

③表示國(guó)家、城市、國(guó)際組織、地理名詞等

China’s industrial development

④用于交通工具及其部件的所屬關(guān)系

the plane’s engine

3）省去名詞的所有格

①若名詞所有格所修飾的名詞已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，則在第二次出現(xiàn)的所有格后的名詞可省去，避免重復(fù)

This is my room and that is my sister’s

②在一些店鋪或者教堂的名詞所有格后可省去名詞，此時(shí)所有格表示相應(yīng)的場(chǎng)所，且一般要在所有格名詞前加定冠詞the

at the chemist’s 在藥店

at the butcher’s 在肉店

4) of屬格的用法

①表示無(wú)生命物體的名詞所有關(guān)系

the leg of the table

②當(dāng)聲明名詞后接短語(yǔ)或從句時(shí)，也用of屬格

The mother of the boy in a red suit is president of our company.

那個(gè)男孩的媽媽穿著紅色套裝，是我們公司的總裁。